Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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Get PDFI salute all the UJPR team and its followers,
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Authors as have free of access to the site, after submission of the paper either research, review article, case report or short communication, that respect the format indicated in the author guidelines, the originality of the work is checked by the editor-in-chief and reviewers. Authors while preparing a research article almost fall into the trap of neglecting details in abstract, in the part of results and discussion authors compare their results with previous works and express their opinions about the results obtained without ignoring some parameters; in other hand, organization of the order of different parts should been respected. UJPR when receiving a paper appropriately presented and adopting an adequate subject, the affiliation of authors should been revealed, ethics if needed, and obviating plagiarism; that evaluated based on only copy and paste three consecutive words, even citing their source in the text have considered as plagiarism. UJPR as a scientific journal required a technical language facilitating its readability to reviewers who asked to focus only on scientific side of the paper.
Reviewers have given sufficient time in case they accept to review the paper, as expected reviewers with their constructive feedback attempt to improve the presentation of the article.
Publications in this journal have licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 international and authors should grant that the first publication of their works would be in UJPR. Greater opportunities of citation of the article, embodiment and development of the work obtained by dint of ‘Open Access’. As UJPR aim to interchange scientific knowledge and productive exchange, that, established in high read articles treating subjects as: entomotherapy, immunotherapy, pharmacotherapy, phytotherapy, indicating the wide fields treated during the previous issues
PREVALENCE AND LOCALIZATION OF IMPACTED CANINE TEETH USING PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPH IN A SAMPLE OF YEMENI ADULTS IN SANA'A, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and aims: A tooth that fails to erupt into the dental arch during the anticipated growth window is said to be impacted. Clinical issues with impacted maxillary and mandibular canines are common. Most doctors concur that permanent teeth are significant from both an aesthetic and functional standpoint and should be kept as much as feasible. The legitimacy of justifying the work of this research can be proven by the fact that previous researches in Yemen were on a small sample of population. There was also inconsistency in the results in terms of prevalence rate as well as pattern of canine impaction. Therefore, providing a detailed outline of the context or situation again will lead to solving the puzzle or determining the correct position. The aim of this study was to determine the crude prevalence and pattern of impacted canines for 5 years in a sample of the Yemeni population in the city of Sana'a.
Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of Yemeni patients who do panoramic x-ray at dental radiographic centers in Sana'a city, Yemen. The panoramic radiographs and dental records of the patients were retrospectively examined.
Results: The total prevalence of impacted canine for the 5 following years was 5.23%. The prevalence of an impacted canine was higher in the maxillary arch (93.9%) than in the lower arch (6.1%), higher in females (53.2%) than in men (46.8%), and 52.4% more common in the right canine than in the left (47.6%).
Conclusion: There was a slight increase in the prevalence of impacted canines in Yemeni patients. Females showed higher impacted teeth than males. Early diagnosis of impacted teeth can aid in maintaining healthy teeth and preventing malocclusions. Information about the prevalence of canine impaction in the Yemeni community is provided by the current study.
Peer Review History:
Received: 2 April 2023; Revised: 6 May; Accepted: 25 June 2023; Available online: 15 July 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, [email protected]
Dr. Sameh Abdelmoneem Mohammed Ali, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, [email protected]
EVALUATION OF CALORIC INTAKE, KNOWLEDGE, AND PRACTICES ON POSTOPERATIVE REFEEDING IN DIGESTIVE SURGERY IN NGAOUNDERE HOSPITALS, ADAMAWA REGION, CAMEROON
Get PDFBackground and objective: Insufficient caloric intake among postoperative digestive surgery patients, linked to a lack of knowledge and practices regarding their re-feeding, is a frequent health problem in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the caloric intake of postoperative digestive surgery patients, as well as the knowledge and practices related to their refeeding in two hospitals in the city of Ngaoundere.
Methods: This was an observational, analytical, cross-sectional, prospective cohort study over a 5 months period from June to November 2022, focusing on the patients, the diets of post-digestive surgery patients, their nurses, and the operating theatre nursing staff. Caloric targets were defined as those with mean intakes above 15 kcal/kg/day at day 3 and 25 kcal/kg/day at discharge.
Results: A total of 134 patients, 240 caretakers, 20 nursing staff, and 614 dieters (meals) were included in the study. Males were more represented, with rates of 82.1%, 56.7%, and 75% for patients, nurses, and staff respectively. 25.4% of day-3 caloric targets and 24.6% of discharge caloric targets were met. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to investigate daily variations in means for each macronutrient, the difference being significant at p<0.05. Lack of information and practice on the composition of a porridge, food frequency score, feeding chronology, and lack of nursing practice on the part of operating room nursing staff, were the main reasons observed.
Conclusion: The dietary balance in postoperative digestive surgery patients and the practices of re-feeding are deficient in the 2 hospitals in the town of Ngaoundere, suggesting an in-depth study of the dietary consequences they may have, such as undernutrition.
Peer Review History:
Received: 7 June 2023; Revised: 11 July; Accepted: 25 August; Available online: 15 September 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, [email protected]
CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CALLIANDRA PORTORICENSIS LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST KEROSENE VAPOUR INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY IN MALE ALBINO RATS
Get PDFAim and objective: This study investigated the cardioprotective activities of Calliandra portoricensis leaf ethanol extract (CPLEE) on kerosene vapour–induced cardiotoxic male albino rats.
Methods: Twenty-five male albino rats (120-150 g) were grouped into five groups (n=5). Group 1 received distilled water (normal control), while CPLEE constituted doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg b.wt p.o were administered once daily for the last 4 weeks to animals in group 4 and 5 respectively. Group 2 received kerosene vapour1.0 mL/kg body wt by inhalation for 4 weeks to induce toxicity, while group 3 received vitamin C 200 mg/kg p.o. Serum and cardiac samples were collected and used for the biochemical analyses.
Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of CPLEE revealed the presence of different phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannin, saponin, alkaloids, cardiac-glycosides, etc. CPLEE caused a significant reduction (p<0.05) in the serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP and LDH in the treated kerosene vapour groups in contrast to the untreated kerosene vapour induced cardiotoxic group. CPLEE showed potentials to mop-up free radicals generated by kerosene, by significantly reducing (p<0.05) lipid peroxidative-product (malondialdehyde, MDA) levels and increasing antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) in dose dependent manner in the treated kerosene vapour groups compared to the untreated kerosene vapor-induced cardiotoxic group.
Conclusion: The findings suggests that the CPLEE have the capacity to improving cardiac functions at safe doses possibly due to its abundant phytochemicals and antioxidants that offers protections against kerosene vapour-induced oxidative-damage.
Peer Review History:
Received: 9 June 2023; Revised: 10 July; Accepted: 28 August; Available online: 15 September 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]
IMMUNOLOGICAL STATUS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG FRESHMEN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN YEMEN
Get PDFBackground: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a most important health problem, it's a global pandemic. Previous surveys showed a high prevalence of hepatitis B infection in Yemen. Hepatitis B vaccination is the most efficient way to prevent hepatitis B virus infection and its outcomes (such as hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, and liver failure).
Aim: To measure the immune status of hepatitis B virus amongst first-year students at the faculties of Thamar University during the academic year 2021-2022.
Methods: A total 196 of first-year students participated in this cross-sectional study and tested for anti-HBsAg and the antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) and HBsAg by using ELISA during the period from January to May 2022 at Thamar University. An anti-HBs antibody titer ≥10 mIU/mL was regarded as being protective against HBV infection.
Results: In this study, 22.4% of the students had protective levels against hepatitis B, while 77.6% had a non-protective level. HBV markers showed that 19.90%, 2.55%, and 75.51% of the students had been vaccinated and immunized due to a previous infection and exposed to HBV infection respectively and only 2.04% of them were non-obvious cases. The prevalence of anti-HBc was 4.6%. Risk factors that showed statistical significance were found between positive anti-HBc and family history of HBV (p=0.01).
Conclusion: The low prevalence of hepatitis B protection levels in Thamar University medical students needs further research and necessitates implementation of a screening and vaccination program for all non-immunized healthcare students.
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 December 2022; Revised: 7 January; Accepted: 22 February 2023; Available online: 15 March 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, [email protected]
IMPACT OF SAMPLE STORAGE CONDITIONS ON FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY ANALYSIS – A REVIEW
Get PDFIn forensic toxicology, the preservation of matrices is a crucial stage in the analysis that affects the accuracy and reliability of the findings. To reduce interference and improve the findings’ interpretation, specimens should be maintained in the right environment. For analytical objectives in forensic toxicology, we aim to characterize the modalities of preservation of the distinct matrices for each incriminated toxin. A comprehensive literature search in both English and French languages was conducted using the keywords "forensic samples preservation" to find pertinent papers in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. The results were then carefully examined. The preservation method based on the biological matrix and the required harmful substances was the major focus of the investigation. This bibliographic research’s objective is to understand the sample preservation methods used in diverse studies as well as each method’s limitations in light of the biological matrix and xenobiotics being investigated. The mode and duration of conservation depend closely on the matrix and the toxins to be sought. Certain hazardous compounds' chemical stability in biological matrices is influenced by storage conditions compliance. Therefore, it is apparent that forensic scientists would benefit from knowledge of the sampling and storage procedures for substances suspected of posing a threat.
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 December 2022; Revised: 8 January; Accepted: 21 February 2023; Available online: 15 March 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
HEPATOTOXICITY EFFECTS OF PARACETAMOL-DENIK CLEANSER® CO-ADMINISTRATION
Get PDFAim and Objective: The concurrent use of herbal products with orthodox medicine is on the rise with the risk of herb-drug interaction that could be beneficial or harmful to the body. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is an anti-pyretic and analgesic drug metabolized by CYP2E1 to give the major hepatotoxin, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). Denik cleanserâ is an oral herbal preparation from plants part of Occimum grattissimum, Colocynthis citrullus, Khaya ivorensi. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatotoxic effects triggered by Denikâ and paracetamol co-administration in rats. The study sought to mimic conventional usage of Denik cleanserâ followed by ingestion of paracetamol, a likely scenario given the popularity of both compounds.
Method: Twenty animals were randomly assigned to four groups, the first group (control) received 0.3 mL distilled water, 2nd group received paracetamol 100 mg/kg, 3rd group received Denik cleanserâ2 mL/kg while the 4th group received both paracetamol and Denik cleanserâ at 100 mg/kg and 2 mL/kg daily for 3 days after which biochemical and histological analysis were carried out.
Results: From histological analysis revealed that rats that received Denikâ-only and Denikâ/paracetamol (concomitantly) showed markedly distorted liver architecture compared to control indicating toxicity. Similarly, the biochemical analysis results showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in AST and ALT for the Denikâ/paracetamol group compared to the control group indicating a hepatotoxic event. A non-significant increase in ALP and GGT were also observed in the Denik cleanserâ + paracetamol group. Enhanced metabolism of paracetamol by Denik cleanserâ to NAPQI (hepatotoxic metabolite) is indicated as possible mechanism.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated the in vivo potential for a herb/drug interaction involving paracetamol and Denik cleanserâ resulting in liver injury.Therefore, caution is strongly advised against its casual, non-medically supervised usage.
Peer Review History:
Received: 5 October 2022; Revised: 9 November; Accepted: 17 December 2022, Available online: 15 January 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
Prof. Hüsniye Kayalar, Ege University, Turkey, [email protected]
PREVALENCE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT ESCHERICHIA COLI AND KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE SPECIES ISOLATED FROM URINE SAMPLES OF PATIENTS AT ALEX EKWUEME FEDERAL UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL ABAKALIKI, EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFAim and Objective: In hospitals and community, morbidity and mortality are attributed to urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study investigated the prevalence of multi-drug resistant isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species from urine samples of patients visiting Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AE-FUTHA), Ebonyi State.
Method: With the use of standard microbiological and biochemical techniques for analysis, a total of 300 mid-stream samples of urine were collected in sterile bottles. Phynotype screening for extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production was achieved by double disc synergy test (DDST). Disc diffusion method was used to check for ESBL producing bacteria susceptible to antibiotics. With specific primers, the presence of temoniera (TEM) and sulfhydryl variable (SHV) beta lactamases genes was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results: 88 isolates of E coli and Klebsiella species were isolated from the urine samples; 29 were E coli and 59 were K. pneumonia species. 47 ESBL positive isolates were identified with E. coli, 19 (40%) and Klebsiella, 28 (60%). Escherichia coli isolated from GOPD patients, gynecology, and men's surgery ward were 100% resistant to ofloxacin, ceftazidime, amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin, chloramphenicol, and aztreonam, while Klebsiella species isolated from gynecology department, maternity ward, and psychiatric ward were 100% resistant to ofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol. Multiple antibiotics resistance index (MARI) of E. coli and Klebsiella species isolated recorded an average of 0.64 for E. coli and 0.41 for Klebsiella species.The molecular analysis revealed that 44.4% of SHV beta lactamase and 65.6% TEM-type β-lactamase genes were present in ESBL producing E. coli while 54.5% of SHV beta lactamase gene and 45.5% TEM-type β-lactamase genes were present in ESBL producing Klebsiella species.
Conlusion: In conclusion, TEM and SHV-type β-lactamase genes are the primary cause of β-lactam antibiotic resistance in E. Coli and Klebsiella species resulting in increased infections caused by organisms harboring the ESBL gene. Nitrofurantoin, ceftazidime, cefalexin, and cefotaxime may be the antibiotic of choice in the treatment of UTIs.
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 December 2022; Revised: 9 January; Accepted: 24 February 2023; Available online: 15 March 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Princess Nourah bint abdulrahman university, Riyadh, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
EVALUATION OF METRONIDAZOLE TABLETS FORMULATED WITH DIFFERENT DISINTEGRANTS USING MOISTURE ACTIVATED DRY GRANULATION
Get PDFIntroduction: Metronidazole is a synthetic oral nitroimidazole antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. It also has amebicidal and antiprotozoal properties.
Aim: The purpose of the study was to formulate and evaluate metronidazole tablets formulated with polymers (PVP and PEG) and maize starch as disintegrant using moisture activated dry granulation (MADG).
Method: Twenty-four (24) batches of metronidazole granules and tablets were prepared by moisture activated dry granulation. Metronidazole (200 mg), lactose and gelatin (1, 2, 4, and 8 %) were mixed, followed by continuous mixing. Prior to compression, micro-crystalline cellulose, disintegrants and magnesium stearate were added. The dried granules were passed via 1.0 mm sieve after which they were labelled and stored in an air tight container. All other batches were also similarly prepared.
Result: The result showed that the mean weight of the tablets ranged from 0.33±0.01 to 0.35±0.04 g. Tablet hardness ranged from 5.00±0.85 to 6.36±1.43. The results showed that batch 11 tablets had higher crushing strength than batch 24 with a significant difference. Table 2 shows the hardness test results and clearly indicates that the results of all the samples significantly differ from each other (p<0.05). The tablet friability test ranged from 0.21±0.17 for batch 24 and 0.60±0.16 for batch 11. The formulated tablets showed average disintegration time ranges from 0.52±0.01 to 14.03±0.03. According to USP, the disintegration time must be in the range of 15 min for uncoated tablets, and 30 mins for film coated tablets.
Conclusion: The study established that polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymers had better dissolution profile than maize starch which has the best disintegration properties.
Peer Review History:
Received: 9 April 2023; Revised: 4 May; Accepted: 27 June 2023; Available online: 15 July 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Julie Ann S. Ng, Blk 18 Lot 6 Grandville 3 Subdivision Mansilingan, Bacolod City, Philippines. [email protected]
Dr. Essam Mohamed Eissa, Beni-Suef – 32 Tahrir St, Egypt, [email protected]
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Get PDFCONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM
Criticism is constructing a judgment on the negative or positive qualities of someone or something. Criticism can range from offhand comments to a detailed written response. Criticism falls into several overlapping types including "theoretical, practical, impressionistic, affective, didactic, or descriptive". Criticism may also refer to expressing disapproval of someone or something. When criticism of this kind is constructive it can make an individual aware of gaps in their own understanding and can provide distinct avenues for improvement. Research supports the idea that the use of feedback and constructive criticism in the learning process has a significant impact.
When I receive reviewers' comments on my articles that have been submitted to the journal for publication as they said in good rated journals, I always feel afraid to read their comments because their comments are just excuses for rejecting your research article most of the time or some kind of humiliation. Where I receive the following sentences: After a full investigation of the issue at hand, the Office of Scientific Publications agreed that the article could not be published in our journal. Total 50% of your submitted article has been copied and pasted from various sources which is why I have withdrawn it. Only 2% of articles received in the journal are accepted for further processing. If your research is supported by the NHS: We can consent to further processing. Send it to other journals. Submit it to a local journal etc. All these sentences are reflected in my mind as follows: You are a thief because 50% is copied. There is no support for your search so you should be penalized more. You are one of the 98% of stupid researchers or 98% of researchers are stupid and you are one of them. This is called critique, but it is little more than an offshoot of sermons. They judge a work of art, not by its clarity and truth, not by the force and charm of its ideas, not by the artist's technical virtuosity, not by its originality and artistic courage, but simply and only by its orthodoxy (the word orthodoxy comes from the Greek root words orthos, which means right, true or straight, and doxa, opinion).
In our beloved journal (UJPR), criticism builds a judgment on the negative or positive qualities of articles and studies received by the journal, with encouragements responses for researchers such as: there is similarity, please rephrase the sentences - please add this and this, clear sentence please, is this sentence better? etc., so we must continue to encourage researchers everywhere to publish their research as human issues.