Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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Get PDFIt's with pleasure and a sense of fulfillment that I write to congratulate everyone on the successful released our current issue (Volume 8, Issue 5,) of Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. More than ever before, there has been a time when the world is dire need of science—to combat every day health uncertainties than now. This is why our contributions and contributions from published authors in these issues are highly appreciated. Given the high quality of our journal, I am glad to announce that my acquaintance have promised to publish with us on our next issue. It would be very imperative if we take this success stories to our schools and labs to encourage more contributions from colleagues.
It is a great sense of fulfillment that we have provided the medium for scientists in medical and pharmaceutical research fields to share their findings and knowledge with the world, to find the lasting remedy to our every day global health challenges. Despite the fact that we have achieved so much, there is still room to do more in order to stay up to speed with the dynamic challenges we face. In a fast-changing world, continuum and improvement in critical aspects of life, is true sustainability.
We are glad to announce that this current issue incorporates authors from three continents: Europe, South Asia, Middle East and Africa. We appreciate all those that have worked tirelessly behind the scenes to review and approve contributions from all authors and certify them for publication.
As we pray and hope for a more safe, progressive, peaceful and sustainable world. Let's remember that we can do our bits within our neighborhood to help the world achieve its global goals.
Thank you very much
COLONIZATION OF PATHOGENIC AEROBIC BACTERIA IN THE EXTERNAL EAR AND EFFECTS OF CERUMEN TYPES, AGE, AND GENDER ON COLONIZATION
Get PDFAims: The study aimed to study the prevalence of pathogenic aerobic bacteria colonization in the outer ear and to determine the prevalence of cerumen types among different ages and sex of selected individuals in Sana'a city. Also determined the effects of cerumen types, age, and gender on the incidence of pathogenic aerobic bacterial colonization.
Methods: The present study was take place in the Department of Medical Microbiology and ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University. The study request was acceptable by the ethics committee of the Faculty. Written informed consent was taken from the chosen participants. Families of the study sample members residing in the various sectors of Sana'a city were visited at home in which participants were randomly selected from all age groups and sexes. Households were reviewed on time and clinical examination of the ear was done and results were recorded and ear swab samples were collected. The rapid visual identification of cerumen was performed. The culture samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory then culture and bacterial growth was identified by standard bacteriological methods.
Results: The study included 246 healthy persons, 33.3% of them male and 66.7% were females. The age ranged from 1 -80 years with mean age equal to 34.2±18.7 years, 96.3% of the study subjects have the wet type and only 3.7% have the dry type of cerumen, 2.03% had impacted cerumen. The most prevalent isolate from the outer ear was Staphylococcus aureus with 35 strains (14.2%), followed by Psedumonas aureginosa with 14 strains (5.7%). Klebsiella spp, Streptococcus pyogenes and Hemophilus influenzae isolates were less frequent with 7 (2.8%), 6 (2.4%) and 5 (2.03%) isolates, respectively. Positive growth for bacterial pathogens was significantly associated with males (OR=1.8, p=0.03), ≤15 years group (OR=2.5, p=0.01), and dry-type cerumen (OR=8.9, p=0.001).
Conclusion: There are two distinct and specific types of cerumen, wet and dry, of which the wet type appears to be the most common in Yemen, and of the subspecies of the wet type, honey brown was dominant. The present study concluded that some pathogenic bacteria that can cause otitis externa are naturally present in the normal external auditory canal. The most prevalent isolate was Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Psedumonas aureginosa, Klebsiella spp, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Hemophilus influenzae. Hence clinicians must find a history of any predisposing factors before interpreting laboratory culture reports.
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 October 2022; Revised: 8 November; Accepted: 12 December 2022, Available online: 15 January 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
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Get PDFA warm welcome to the readers and the authors,
We are happy to announce that our new issue has been published. Thank you for visiting UJPR website. I hope you all enjoy reading this issue. UJPR is an open access journal and continues growing. We always appreciate reviewers and editors for their hard work, and welcome any comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the journal. Free online article access can facilitates full-text searching, indexing, data storing, and other forms of processing and analysis. Everyone can copy, distribute, and source is appropriately cited. On the other hand, Pharmaceutical Sciences are one of the most important sciences to be considered nowadays. Simultaneously, interdisciplinary fields have enlarged giving hopes to patients worldwide to cure the diseases.
The quality and content of UJPR has increased.
After over tree years of living with COVID-19, we are learning to adapt to a world with this disease. COVID-19 has not only created severe panic among the people but also challenged the social culture and healthcare infrastructure all over the world. Development of new vaccines to control COVID-19 has changed the understanding of exploring vaccines, besides leading to great revolutionary modifications in the development of vaccines.We know protection from a booster decreases over time. The second booster may be more important. On the other hand, in some people, post-COVID-19 syndrome lasts months or years or causes disability. Long COVID is real and it is a condition which is still being studied. These ongoing health problems are sometimes called post-COVID-19 syndrome, post-COVID conditions, long COVID-19, long-haul COVID-19, and post acute sequelae of SARS COV-2 infection (PASC), need more investigation.
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RECURRENT TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT ANKYLOSIS AMONG YEMENIS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Get PDFBackground and aims: Recurrence of ankylosis is one of the most common complication following surgery especially during gap arthroplasty without interposition material. The main aim of these current study was to obtain a comparison between three different methods in prevent of recurrent temporomandibular joint ankylosis.
Methods: A number of 15 patients with (2-22 years) age ranged between were obtained from those attending to Al-kawait Hospital, clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Sana’a University, Yemen. All patients in the present study that have ankylosis in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were included in period time from March 2017 to April 2020. the temporomandibular joint ankylosis Diagnosis was obtained through history of a chief complain, medical history, clinical and radiographic examinations. All patients were divided into three groups based on the type of treatment.
Results: No any signs of surgical site infection in or around the incision. In group I: three cases of recurrence ankylosis were happened, while one case was dislodging of cartilage from harvested rib in group II. However, in group III, there were no complications observed after the end period of follow-up.
Conclusion: The most effective procedure to prevent recurrence of temporomandibular joint ankylosis was the temporalis fascia as interpositional material, also produce a good esthetic and function results.
Peer Review History:
Received: 8 December 2022; Revised: 11 January; Accepted: 27 February 2023; Available online: 15 March 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN JIBLAH TOWN, YEMEN
Get PDFAims and objective: Viral Hepatitis is a major global health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. The endemicity of hepatitis B virus infection believed high in Yemen. Data for prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Jiblah town in Yemen are rare and inadequate. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B virus and associated risk factors aming the general population of Jiblah town, Yemen.
Methods: A total of 100 participated included in this study. Serum samples were collected and assayed for HBsAg using the ELISA quantitative technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect behavioral and sociodemographic data.
Results: the results revealed that, the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus was 3.33%. There was statistically significant differences between hepatitis B virus infection and monthly income.
Conclusion: The finding of this study indicated that the magnitude of hepatitis B virus infection among the general population was intermediate level. Modifiable risk factor, monthly income was identified.
Peer Review History:
Received: 8 February 2023; Revised: 13 March; Accepted: 27 April 2023, Available online: 15 May 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, [email protected]
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF POSTOPERATIVE GASTROINTESTINAL NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY IN NGAOUNDERE HOSPITALS, ADAMAWA REGION, CAMEROON
Get PDFBackground and objective: Undernutrition is defined as an insufficient intake of nutritional foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological aspect of postoperative gastrointestinal nutritional deficiency in Ngaoundere Hospitals.
Methods: It was a prospective, cross-sectional study with an analytical focus, over a 5-month period from July to November 2022. Undernutrition was defined by the presence of at least one phenotypic criteria plus one etiological criteria. Logistic regression for multivariate analyses, and the Chi-square test for univariate analyses, were used to identify the determinants of undernutrition. A difference was considered significant if p<0.05.
Results: A total of 134 patients were included in the current study. Males were the most represented, with rates of 82.09%. The average age of patients was 36±17.78. Undernutrition at discharge was observed in 110 patients (82.09%). Endogenous risk factors associated with the occurrence of undernutrition were: Muslim religion, persistent symptoms, emergency surgery modality, nutritional grades, postoperative nausea, and diarrhea (p<0.0001); the protective one was minor surgery (p<0.0001). Exogenous risk factors for undernutrition included failure to meet carbohydrate, protein, and calorie targets on day-3 and at discharge (p<0.0001). Finally, in multivariate analysis, persistent symptoms (p=0.02), minor surgery (p=0.04), presence of diarrhea (p=0.01), and failure to meet caloric targets were independently associated with undernutrition at discharge.
Conclusion: The incidence of post-digestive surgery undernutrition is relatively high in the 2 hospitals in Adamawa, Cameroon. It, therefore, requires early detection and management.
Peer Review History:
Received: 6 August 2023; Revised: 9 September; Accepted: 27 October; Available online: 15 November 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Owanaro Peter, Nigeria, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. [email protected]
STRUCTURE-BASED DESIGN OF NOVEL PYRIMIDINE CARBONITRILES ANALOGS TARGETING THE CYSTEINE PROTEASE FALCIPAIN 2 OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM (pfFP2) AT THE TROPHOZOÏTE STAGE WITH FAVORABLE ADME SPECIFICITIES
Get PDFAim and Objective: Structure-based drug design (SBDD) of new antimalarials at the moment of resistance of the most causative agent, Plasmodium falciparum to the more valuable artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) is even more urgent. Carbonitriles pyrimidine derivatives (CNP) has emerged as potential inhibitors of the cysteine protease falcipain 2 of Plasmodium falciparum (pfFP2), so here we report virtual pharmacophore based screening of the CNP chemical subspace yielding novel CNP analogs with predicted high inhibitory potency against pfFP2.
Methods: A quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) complexation model has been developed from a series of fifteen carbonitriles pyrimidine derivatives to establish a linear correlation between the calculated Gibbs free energies (GFE: ΔΔGcom) of pfFP2-CNP complex formation and the experimental half-maximal enzymatic inhibition concentration ( ).The predictive power of the QSAR model was then validated with the generation of a 3D-QSAR-PH4 pharmacophore (PH4) model as CNP chemical subspace (exemplified as a virtual combinatorial library of more than 83.300 CNP analogs) explorer for novel predicted more potent CNP analogs. Finally the best PH4 hits were evaluated with the initial QSAR model for predicted potency ( ) and pharmacokinetic profile.
Results: The QSAR model linear correlation equation: p = -0.1025 x ∆∆Gcom + 7.2867, R2=0.94, the subsequent PH4 model linear correlation between experiment and PH4-estimated IC50: p = 0.9366 x p + 0.2849, R2=0.91 documents the high predictive power of this approach. Finally the screening of the virtual library of CNP analogs yielded 52 orally bioavailable candidates the best reaching a predicted potency ( ) of 14 pM and displaying favorable pharmacokinetic profile.
Conclusion: The combined use of one descriptor complexation QSAR model and 3D-QSAR Pharmacophore model performs well in identifying novel CNP analogs against pfFP2 and the handful of top predicted analogs are worth undergoing synthesis and biological evaluation.
Peer Review History:
Received: 6 August 2023; Revised: 9 September; Accepted: 26 October; Available online: 15 November 2023
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Prof. Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. U. S. Mahadeva Rao, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu Malaysia, [email protected]
Dr. Hayriye Eda Şatana Kara, Gazi University, Turkey, [email protected]
CLINICAL EFFECTS OF PLATELETS RICH FIBRIN (PRF) FOLLOWING SURGICAL EXTRACTION OF IMPACTED LOWER THIRD MOLARS AMONG A SAMPLE OF YEMENI ADULTS
Get PDFBackground and aims: Third molar surgery is one of the most frequent procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Pain, trismus, and swelling are the majority symptoms that have an impact on patients' quality of life. Haemorrhage, alveolitis and infections are general complications. Several endeavors have been through to decrease the possibility of complications and make better patients' quality of life, such as the administration of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or the administration of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). The aim of this study is to determine the clinical consequences of PRF subsequent to surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars among a sample of Yemeni adults by evaluate the PRF effect on postoperative complications of pain, swelling, and mouth opening and to compare the difference in the healing process between the PRF surgery site and the control site.
Methods: The prospective study consisted of 36 patients who obtainable for subtraction of an impacted bilateral mandibular molar. Subsequent to extraction, plugs were filled up with PRF or without PRF in the study (18 patients) and comparative control (18 patients) groups, respectively. Postoperative edema was calculated using a flexible tape measure by estimating the distance between several facial features on the 2nd to the 7th postoperative days. Postoperative pain was assessed using a line-type visual analog scale (VAS) and a verbal scale (VRS); and trismus by caliper scales. Epi-Info version 7.0 was used for data analysis.
Results: There were statistical significant variations concerning the PRF group and the control group in regard to pain intensity, number of analgesics tablets used and the interincisal distance, as the p value were 0.001, 0.0001 and 0.001 respectively.
Conclusion: The PRF helps in reducing the post-surgical pain, edema and trismus. As well as accelerate healing process after the application to the socket of surgically extracted lower third molar.
Peer Review History:
Received: 8 October 2022; Revised: 10 November; Accepted: 22 December 2022, Available online: 15 January 2023
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION FORMULATIONS OF LORNOXICAM
Get PDFBackground and aims: Microemulsions (ME) basically are the mixture of oil, surfactant (SA) and water, with a co surfactant (Co-SA) in different ratio. This mixture is clear and stable. The final prepared fluid possesses low viscosity. ME are isotropic, stable transparent systems of with a droplets diameter>500 nm. Due to small droplets size, they may serve an excellent carrier for drugs having poor water solubility. Lornoxicam is derivative of allylamine, and is used orally in the treatment of hepatic failure, neutropenia.
Methods: In the present study an attempt was made to increase solubility of Lornoxicam by the means of ME formulations. Oil, surfactant and co-surfactant were selected based on their solubility criteria. Total 5 formulations were developed using water titration method. Prepared formulations were evaluated on different parameters.
Results: The percent transmission was found to be in the range of 98.48±0.15to 99.42±0.04. Refractive index for the micro emulsion formulations was found to be in the range of 1.3218±0.009 to 1.3720±0.021. Percent drug content was found to be in the range of 98.47±0.08 to 99.75±0.21. ME5 has shown faster drug release 91.2±0.06% in an in-vitro study of 4 hrs.
Conclusion: Study concluded that the means of microemulsions formulations solubility of Lornoxicam can be enhanced.
Peer Review History:
Received: 2 October 2022; Revised: 11 November; Accepted: 20 December 2022, Available online: 15 January 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES, MALNUTRITION, ANEMIA AND THEIR RISK FACTORS AMONG ORPHANED CHILDREN IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground: Intestinal parasites infection, malnutrition, and anemia are endemic among children living inpoor and developing low-income countries, particularly Yemen.
Aims: The current study aims to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites, malnutrition, and anemia and their risk factors among orphaned children in Sana'a city, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the orphanage between September 2020 and November 2023. One hundred and ninety-five (195) stool and blood samples were collected from orphan children aged 7-15 years. Intestinal parasites were examined using the formal ether concentration technique and hemoglobin was assessed using a Sysmex hematology analyzer.
Result: Out of 195 specimens, 77(39.49%) were positive for parasite infection. The high rate of infections was among subjects aged between 10-12 years (43.9%), at primary schools (42.9%), didn’t have a history of parasite infection (48.9%), between 102-118 cms in height (48.6%), 11-30 kg in weight (49.4%), and underweight (40.1%) non-statistical differences (P > 0.05). The most predominant parasite was Entamoeba histolytica (17.4%), followed by Giardia lamblia (10.3%), Hymenolepis nana (6.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (3.6%), and Enterobius vermicularis (3.6%). The prevalence of anemia was 19% and statistically significant with parasitic infection (P = 0.000) but not significantly to risk factors (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of intestinal parasites, anemia and malnutrition among the participating children, and this affects their health and life. Therefore, the implementation of control and prevention programs including improvement of health status, regular deworming practices with medication, health education, provision of appropriate food, and iron supplementation is required to reduce the incidence of malnutrition and anemia associated with intestinal parasitic infection.
Peer Review History:
Received: 9 February 2023; Revised: 13 March; Accepted: 25 April 2023, Available online: 15 May 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]