Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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CHOROIDAL OSTEOMA: REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND FIRST CASE FROM YEMEN
Get PDFJuxtapapillary choroidal tumors called choroidal osteomas are benign and do not require medical attention. They predominantly occur in young females (median age, 20 years). Ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography can disclose indicative ocular signs, but computed tomography (CT), echography, and plain radiography are particularly crucial for making the right diagnosis. These lesions may be clinically misdiagnosed as a number of dystrophic lesions, as metastatic carcinoma, atypical malignant choroidal melanoma, metastatic carcinoma, leukemic or lymphoma infiltration, choroidal macular scarring, choroidal hemangiomas, or organized subretinal hemorrhage. As therapeutic methods, radiation and enucleation, it is crucial to rule out malignant melanoma from the differential diagnosis. According to an assessment of the literature, all reported instances with CT scans exhibited calcific densities that could be easily seen in the affected eye's posterior pole. The clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings in our patient are all typical. We emphasize the importance of CT in assessing choroidal osteoma as well as the uniqueness of CT results.
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 August 2023; Revised: 7 September; Accepted: 28 October; Available online: 15 November 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIAL BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS OF UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFAim: High rates of morbidity and mortality are associated to bacterial bloodstream infections (B-BSI) in many hospitals, especially in the intensive care unit. This study investigated the prevalence of antibiotic- and multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from blood samples of patients in intensive care units of university hospitals in the city of Sana'a, Yemen.
Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on sepsis patients admitted to intensive care units in four hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen, between January 1 and April 30, 2022. The blood cultures of patients suspected of suffering from sepsis were performed. The potential bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified using standard laboratory methods, and microbial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion technique.
Results: For all identified bacteria, the average resistance rate to a broad spectrum of antibiotics tested ranged from 22.5% to 98.1%, with cefazoline (98.1%) having the greatest resistance rates, followed by amoxicillin (87.2%) and cefixime (83%). Vancomycin had a resistance rate of 4.8% whereas erythromycin had a resistance rate of 75% for Gram-positive bacteria. For Gram-negative bacteria, the resistance rates to narrow spectrum antibiotics ranged from 2.3% for colistin sulphate to 84.8% for aztreonam. Our isolates' MDR rates for resistance to at least three classes of antibiotics were 52.2% and 8.7%, respectively, for resistance to 10 different classes of broad-spectrum antibiotics and their subclasses.
Conclusion: Gram positive bacteria are highly resistant to erythromycin and penicillin, while gram negative organisms are highly resistant to amoxcillin+clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, and all generations of cephalosporins. This study highlights the significance of prompt clinical and bacteriological monitoring among patients in critical care conditions, such as ICU patients, and also illustrates the establishment and rates of Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) pathogens.
Peer Review History:
Received: 4 August 2023; Revised: 8 September; Accepted: 27 October; Available online: 15 November 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, [email protected]
RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF OVERHANGING RESTORATIONS AMONG YEMENI PATIENTS USING CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CBCT)
Get PDFBackground and aims: Overhanging restorations which is extension of restorative material beyond the confines of a cavity preparation may lead to various complications and risks, including increased gingival fluid flow and oral inflammation. The study aim is to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to radiographically assess the incidence of overhanging restorations in Yemeni patients.
Methods: A retrospective comparative study was conducted on 404 randomly selected CBCT images dor ≥ 18 years male and female Yemeni patients referred to private radiology centers in different Yemeni cities (i.e., Sana'a, Ibb, Hodeida, Aden and Hadhramout) during the period from January 2021 to June 2022. The overhang was evaluated regarding arch (upper or lower), side (right or left), tooth location, and tooth type (central incisor (I1), lateral incisor (I2), canine (C), 1st premolar (P1), 2nd premolar (P2), 1st molar (M1), 2nd molar (M2) and 3rd molar (M3). The tooth surface was considered the statistical unit to allow an accurate comparison of periodontal variables for each restored surface. The evaluated surface points of class II restorations were mesial and distal, while those of crown restorations were mesial, distal, buccal, lingual, mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, distobuccal, and distolingual.
Results: The prevalence rate of overhang was 59.8% in class II and 51.5% in crown restorations. Class II restoration overhang had no significant association with arch, side, tooth type, and tooth location; however, it had a significant association with tooth and surface point (p<0.05), indicating that it was more significantly observed in the 2nd premolar (67.5%) than the other teeth as well as in the distal surface than the mesial one (73.1% vs. 26.9%, p<0.05
Conclusion: The prevalence of class II and crown restoration overhang is considered high among Yemeni patients. Overhangs observed on class II restorations are more than those observed on crown restorations. Class II restoration overhangs are more commonly observed on the 2nd premolar as well as the distal surface.
Peer Review History:
Received: 2 August 2023; Revised: 9 September; Accepted: 25 October; Available online: 15 November 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
EXTENT OF HEPATOTOXICITY OF ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS USED IN PAKISTAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Get PDFIntroduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with high rates of infection and mortality throughout the world, but its spread is greater in developing countries, and its control is difficult. It is known that the most common side reaction of drug treatment for tuberculosis is hepatotoxicity resulting from the drugs, which negatively affects adherence to treatment as a result of patients not continuing to use it.
Objective:This study aimed to determine the extent of hepatotoxicity as a result of drug treatment for tuberculosis.
Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted on TB patients undergoing TB treatment in a general hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. A data collection form was used to obtain demographic and treatment data. The hepatotoxicity of TB drug therapy was evaluated by performing liver function tests (LFTs).Study duration was of 4 months.
Results: The study showed that out of 100 tuberculosis patients, 55 patients were hepatotoxic. Hepatotoxic population includes 26% males and 29% females including almost 10% children either male or female. The maximun hepatotoxicity was observed in the patients undergoing combination therapy. Around 3-5 % patients showed that the Serum-GlutamicPyruvic-Transaminase (SGPT) values more than 2 times of their normal values. While other 50% showed hepatotoxicity 1-2 times of their normal values. Most of the patients found were in the age group ranging from 35-60 years. The main drugs used in tuberculosis treatment were: Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutal.
Conclusion:The rate of hepatotoxicity in TB patients on anti-TB treatment was high. The current study concluded that the more we move towards a greater number of drugs in combination, the greater the extent and chance of hepatotoxicity. The combination of three anti-tuberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide) resulted in maximum hepatotoxicity.
Peer Review History:
Received: 9 August 2023; Revised: 10 September; Accepted: 29 October; Available online: 15 November 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Owanaro Peter, Nigeria, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. [email protected]
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, [email protected]
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF SELF-MEDICATION AMONG HEALTHCARE AND NON-HEALTHCARE STUDENTS OF LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Get PDFIntroduction: Self-medication is regarded as the system of taking medicines without the consultation of licensed medical practitioner. Self-medication leads to irrational use of medical drugs which is hazardous for health. The prevalence of this crucial issue is rapidly increasing worldwide. The present study was aimed to access the pattern of self-medication trends in healthcare students and non-healthcare students of Lahore, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey based observational study has been conducted to access the knowledge along with the attitude of medical and non-medical students regarding self-medication. The study settings included different universities and medical colleges of Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 301 students from medical department and other departments were included in the study. A validated self-medication assessment questionnaire was used to access the knowledge along with attitude pattern of self-medication among healthcare students as well as non-healthcare students.
Results: The findings of the present study presented that medical students are more aware of the potential side effects and adverse reactions of the self-medicated drug as compared to the non-medical students. Whereas, trends of self-medication was observed to be slightly higher in healthcare students as compared to the non-healthcare students. Moreover, the frequency of antibiotic use was comparatively more frequent in medical students as compared to the non-medical graduates. Whereas, the use of painkillers without prescription was more prevalent in non-medical students as compare to the medical graduates.
Conclusion: There has been a significant difference in knowledge of healthcare students and non-healthcare students of Lahore, Pakistan. Although both healthcare and non-healthcare students have high prevalence of self-medication but differences have been observed in case of drugs taken. Healthcare students practice self-medication more as compared to the non-health-care students.
Peer Review History:
Received: 6 October 2022; Revised: 11 November; Accepted: 27 December 2022, Available online: 15 January 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
ANTI-DYSLIPIDAEMIA AND CARDIO-PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF NIGERIAN BITTER HONEY IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Get PDFBackground and Aim: Chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and dyslipidemia usually predispose to cardiac aberrations. Certain honey samples have been reported to worsen glycemic control or proven to be cardiotoxic. The study sought to elucidate the roles of Nigerian bitter honey in experimental diabetes.
Experimental Procedures: Diabetes was induced in adult female Wistar rats (90–110g) by single administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight, i.p.). Rats were randomly allocated into six groups (n= 8). Bitter honey (50 mg/kg) and metformin (100 mg/kg) were orally administered daily for 28 days. Animals were sacrificed on day 29 and blood samples were obtained via cardiac puncture. Lipid profile and lipid peroxidation analysis were carried out using standard methods. Atherogenic, coronary, and cardiovascular risk indexes were calculated. Heart, pancreas, and lung tissues were harvested and subjected to histopathological assessment. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA, and statistical significant level was set at p<0.05.
Result and Discussion: Bitter honey treatment in the diabetic animals significantly reduced hyperglycemia, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, malondialdehyde, and cardiovascular risk levels (p<0.05). Correspondingly, HDL and reduced glutathione levels were significantly higher (p<0.05). Bitter honey preserved the histoarchitectural integrity of the cardiomyocytes and lungs tissue.
Conclusion: The bitter honey is a highly remarkable repository of naturally occurring bioactive compounds that can potentially modulate downstream biochemical pathways of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and lipid peroxidation. The bitter honey may therefore be a promising new source of anti-diabetic and cardio protective nutraceuticals.
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 February 2023; Revised: 10 March; Accepted: 28 April 2023, Available online: 15 May 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
Dr. Rawaa Souhil Al-Kayali, Aleppo University, Syria, [email protected]
NASAL ADMINISTRATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND SILVER IONS REDUCED COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN ADULT RATS
Get PDFBackground: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have shown adverse effects and a toxic impact on human cell bodies. Passing the blood-brain barrier and increasing oxidative stress can change different parts of the brain such as the hippocampus. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to explore the possible neurotoxicity of AgNPs in adult rats.
Method: Neurotoxicity was created in rats by treating them with 15 mg/kg NP3 and silver ions (AgAc) intra-nasally every two days for 20 days. The animals were divided into five groups: control, vehicle, NP3, NP15, and AgAc. Behavioral assessments such as Morris water maze and elevated plus maze, and assessment of biomarkers such as malondialdehyde assay were used to evaluate cognitive impairment and molecular changes induced by silver.
Result: The results revealed that NP15 and AgAc significantly impaired spatial memory. Moreover, NP3, NP15, and AgAc increased anxiety in animals. Additionally, MDA was significantly increased by NP3 and NP15.
Conclusion: The findings showed that AgNPs and AgAc, particularly NP15, result in neurotoxicity and behavioral impairments.
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 February 2023; Revised: 10 March; Accepted: 25 April 2023, Available online: 15 May 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Robert Tungadi, State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia, [email protected]
GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS OF SERINE RACEMASE AND PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE RECEPTOR TYPE D ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IN MALAY SUBJECTS
Get PDFBackground and objectives: Serine racemase (SRR) and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type D (PTPRD) were suggested as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) candidate genes by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the Chinese population. Association of SRR and PTPRD with T2DM have been reported among East Asian Populations. The association of SRR and PTPRD genetic polymorphisms with T2DM still needs to be studied in Southeast Asian Populations.
Materials and Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the association of SRR and PTPRD genetic polymorphisms with T2DM in Malay subjects. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SRR (rs4523957, rs391300, and rs8081273) and PTPRD (rs17584499 and rs649891) were genotyped in 440 T2DM and 398 normal Malay subjects.
Results: The recessive genetic model showed that SRR genotype GG of rs4523957 and genotype TT of rs391300 are risk factors for T2DM (OR=1.42; 1.45, p=0.022; 0.020, respectively), whereas the dominant and additive genetic models showed that PTPRD SNPs rs17584499 were protective for T2DM (OR=0.76; 0.77, p=0.033; 0.031, respectively).
Conclusion: This study replicated the association of SRR rs4523957, rs391300, and PTPRD rs17584499 genetic polymorphisms with T2DM in Malay, while more investigation in different populations is required to confirm this finding.
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 April 2023; Revised: 15 May; Accepted: 30 June 2023; Available online: 15 July 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Dr. Dennis Amaechi, MrsFoluBabade Mini Estate , Flat 5 by Old Soldiers Quarter, Sabongari/Bwari, Abuja- Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. [email protected]
EVALUATION OF THE FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING OF TECTOQUINONE COMPOUND ISOLATED FROM SYZYGIUM OBLANCEOLATUM (C.B.ROB.) MERR
Get PDFAim and objective: In this study, the free radical scavenging of tectoquinone compound isolated from leaf of Syzygium oblanceolatum (C.B. Rob.) Merr was investigated by assessing their capacity to scavenge free radicals using the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay.
Methods: The quantitative assessment of antioxidant activity was conducted using a UV-Vis spectrophotometric approach, with measurements taken at a wavelength of 516 nm.
Results: The IC50 value, representing the concentration required to inhibit 50% of the DPPH radicals, was determined to be 66.362 μg/mL, indicating a moderate free radical-scavenging activity.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that tectoquinone compounds possess a discernible ability to against free radical, though further research may be necessary to optimize their potential applications in health and medicine.
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 August 2023; Revised: 10 September; Accepted: 27 October; Available online: 15 November 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
OROMANDIBULAR DYSTONIA: PREVALENCE, CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC DATA, THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES OUT-COME FOR HUNDRED PATIENTS IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and aims: Dystonia is a movement disease characterized by persistent, uncontrollable muscle contractions that often lead to abnormal postures. The tongue, jaw, and mouth are all affected by OMD, which is an uncommon focal dystonia. OMD is a rare public health problem that takes time to diagnose and treat because it is frequently identified as psychogenic. This study sought to ascertain the frequency, demographics, clinical features, and treatment outcomes of patients with mandibular dystonia (OMD) in Sana'a, Yemen.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted; the study included 100 Yemeni adults attending the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University Clinics and Departments of Oral, Maxillofacial and Neurosurgery at Kuwait University Hospital and some private centers for maxillofacial medicine and neurosurgery in the city of Sana’a during the year 2022. The selected patients were complaining of contraction or involuntary movement of the masticatory, lingual and/or lower facial muscles. Age, gender, age at onset of illness, duration of illness, personal habits, type of OMD, previous and current treatments, and their outcomes were recorded on a standard, pre-designed questionnaire.
Results: The incidence rate of OMD is 19/100,000/year. Most of the patients (92%) are male while only 8% are female. The first episode onset is after stress (29%), 11% after illness, 6% after dental treatment, and 48% without causes. Jaw deviation dystonia was dominant at 65%, followed by jaw closing dystonia (42%), jaw protrusion dystonia (29%), and jaw opening dystonia (27%). After current treatment out-come, there was improvement on ability to eat ( from 12% to 24%, p=0.02), to speak (from 25% to 43%, p=0.007), the rate of no pain raised from 46% to 57%, the rate of no discomfort raised from 21% to 34% (p=0.04) and the score ≤ 5 of OMD raised from 47% to 72% (p=0.0003).
Conclusion: The incidence of OMD in Sana’a city is remarkably high, predominantly male, and peaks at 30, 40, and 50 years of age. Jaw deviation dystonia was the dominant type followed by jaw closing dystonia. After the current treatment outcome, the ability to eat has improved, the rate of pain and discomfort has decreased.
Peer Review History:
Received: 8 February 2023; Revised: 11 March; Accepted: 26 April 2023, Available online: 15 May 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, [email protected]