Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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COMPARISON OF ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF MRSA WITH MSSA AMONG STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES FROM PATIENTS IN THE 48 MILITARY HOSPITAL IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and objectives: A number of infectious disorders can be opportunistically brought on by Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus), which colonizes human skin and mucous membranes. Methicillin (MRSA) resistance is a frequent occurrence, as are resistances to a number of clinically useful antibiotics. Though MRSA affects healthcare systems and society all throughout the world, it is most severe in underdeveloped countries. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) advises that cumulative antibiotic data for S. aureus be analyzed and reported on an annual basis to help clinicians choose the best preliminary empirical antimicrobial therapy. The most recent report from our center on this subject, however, was more than 7 years ago.
Subjects and methods: Well-proven S. aureus data were gathered from inpatient and outpatient clinical samples at the 48th Military Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen, from January 1, 2022, through December 2022, using a retrospective cross-sectional design. Using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was carried out. Calculations were made on the rate of antibiotic resistance between MRSA and MSSA as well as the correlation between MRSA.
Results: Among the 265 unique isolates, the overall prevalence of MRSA was 37.4%. Inpatients had a greater risk factor for MRSA with an OR of 2.7 (p<0.001). A risk factor was also found with the catheter sample, and devices with an OR=3.7 (p=0.003). Methicillin resistance was predictive of resistance to most antibiotics. Zero resistance rate to linezolid, and vancomycin was observed for the MRSA and MSSA strains. The prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates was 60.4%. Significantly higher in MRSA (68.7%) versus 55.4% for MSSA.
Conclusion: This study's MRSA prevalence was higher than that of earlier research from the same hospital; it is a progressive issue and much below the desired rates. Additionally, there was notable resistance to erythromycin, imipenem, and clindamycin. Vancomycin and linezolid are currently the top two options for the empiric treatment of MRSA. In order to stop the emergence of MDR species, it is suggested against giving newer antibacterial medications while the older ones are still effective.
Peer Review History:
Received: 5 June 2023; Revised: 9 July; Accepted: 27 August; Available online: 15 September 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
TRENDING PERSPECTIVE IN EVALUATION OF INSPECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUND: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONTROL CHARTS
Get PDFBackground and objectives: The quality and efficacy of the pharmaceutical medicinal product are of paramount importance to the patients. Reproducibility and consistency of the properties of the dosage form start with the constituting ingredients either active or inactive. The present work provides an approach for the trending of one of the crucial inspection characteristics of a well-known excipient that is commonly used as a disintegrant of a water-insoluble synthetic cross-linked Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP). Establishing manufacturing criteria and quality limits should be assessed from the beginning level of the project using exploratory process-behavior plots.
Materials and Methods: This study involved an assay of the initial 16 batches of the manufactured 1-ethenyl pyrrolidine-2-one expressed as a dried substance using a standard analysis method according to British Pharmacopoeia (BP). Exploratory Shewhart charts were plotted after preliminary distribution identification using Statistical Process Control (SPC) software. Based on the goodness of fit test results, the most appropriate assumed distribution was implemented in drawing the Individual/Moving Range (I/MR) control charts.
Results: The goodness of fit study and probability plot showed that the most close-fitting to the data dispersion pattern was Johnson transformation to the normal spreading, smallest extreme value and Weibull distribution, respectively. While there were no alarms that could be detected from the process mean and the variability charts, further improvement is required from the supplier side to meet the benchmark minimum limit threshold, in addition, the process mean was not centered but shifted towards the Upper Control Limit (UCL).
Conclusion: Implementation of SPC techniques is crucial in the modern competitive healthcare industry. Trending charts play a pivotal role in this perspective. They provide a quantitative estimation for the current situation and the actions needed for the future improvement of the monitored characteristic.
Peer Review History:
Received: 6 August 2023; Revised: 9 September; Accepted: 25 October; Available online: 15 November 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Taiwo O Elufioye, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CAYLUSEA ABYSSINICA LEAVES
Get PDFIntroduction: Controlling type 2 diabetes with a treatment having no side effects remains a challenge for researchers even if the side effects are reduced and there may be a chance for reduced adverse reactions or severe side effects due to drug interaction. These interactions could result from concurrent use of dietary supplements or pharmacological therapy in addition to the medications. The current reading's objective was to assess the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses, and antidiabetic potentials of methanol leaf extract of Caylusea abyssinica (C. abyssinica) in diabetic rats.
Methods: The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of total alkaloids phenol, and flavonoids were determined using the well-known test procedure outlined in the literature. The obtained C. abyssinica methanol leaf extract was used to examine in vitro anti-diabetic activity (α-Amylase inhibition), oral acute toxicity, and in vivo anti-diabetic activity against streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model. Alkaloids, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, saponins, phenolic compounds, glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids were all established in the samples after phytochemical examination.
Results: The amount of phenolics in the methanol leaf extract was (295.50 mg/g), with flavonoids coming in second (136.66 mg/g) and alkaloids coming in third (11.23 mg/g). The extract's ability to inhibit α-amylase was investigated. The study's findings show that the chosen plants had significant in vitro anti-diabetic effect. Up to 2000 mg/kg given over 14 days, the methanol extract's acute toxicity trials did not reveal any harmful effects. Rats were given streptozotocin (60 mg/kg; i.p.) to induce diabetes, and glibenclamide (500 mcg/kg body weight) was utilized as the usual medication. Body weight, HDL, total protein, SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, blood sugar levels, and triglycerides were all assessed in this study. Comparing diabetic rats to normal (control) rats, blood sugar and total protein, SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol levels, and triglyceride concentrations were all considerably (p< 0.001) reduced after oral administration of methanol extract of C. abyssinica at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg and increased the level of HDL and body weight.
Conclusion: As a result of the aforementioned findings, it can be said that C. abyssinica methanol leaf extract significantly reduces blood sugar levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Peer Review History:
Received: 5 October 2022; Revised: 9 November; Accepted: 17 December 2022, Available online: 15 January 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
Prof. Hüsniye Kayalar, Ege University, Turkey, [email protected]
COVID-19 KINETICS BASED ON REPORTED DAILY INCIDENCE IN HIGHLY DEVASTATED GEOGRAPHICAL REGION: A UNIQUE ANALYSIS APPROACH OF EPIDEMIC
Get PDFThe recent outbreak of COVID-19 has impacted the whole globe in various facets of life. Most challenges stem from the public health effect with morbidities and mortalities extensively and comprehensively recorded and reported. The present case provides a unique analysis of the database of the observed cases and deaths of the corona virus pandemic. The focus was on one of the most devastating geographical locations in the world. The dataset of the USA was extracted and arranged chronologically over 106 weeks. The kinetics of mortality and morbidity were analyzed using three-dimensional graphs and control charts. Modeling of the cumulative dataset after logarithmic transformation was executed and the model was analyzed for fitting in terms of regression and error. A strong correlation existed between the number of reported cases and deaths over the study period with noticeable signs of six overlapping waves. Logarithmic transformation (to the base ten) showed improvement in data fitting with an appreciable reduction in standard error and residual parameters. The best-fitted model was an exponential association that could be used to evaluate the severity and frequency of the epidemic in terms of cumulative daily cases and deaths. The provided examination highlights the importance of the new statistical techniques for public health assessment and confrontation of the outbreaks by practitioners and professionals for community protection by providing measurable metrics for the evaluation of the health effect of the disease in the community.
Peer Review History:
Received: 2 October 2022; Revised: 11 November; Accepted: 29 December 2022, Available online: 15 January 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
EFFECTS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF DRIED FRUITS OF PIPER GUINEENSE (PIPERACEAE) ON NEUROLOGICAL SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH CEREBRAL MALARIA IN MICE
Get PDFBackground: Cerebral Malaria (CM), is associated with neurological syndromes characterized by cognitive and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Piper guineense Schum and Thonnis known to possess anti-oxidant and central nervous system activities. In this study, effects of essential oil of P. guineense (EOPG) dried fruitson selected behavioral and functional indices in mice with cerebral malaria was evaluated.
Method: Mice with confirmed CM, following intraperitoneal inoculation with 1x107 Plasmodium berghei ANKA parasitized blood in 0.2 ml of normal saline, were randomly allocated into 14 groups (n=12), namely, parasitized control, quinine control, EOPG graded doses (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 150mg/kg), and combination of quinine and EOPG graded doses. Quinine was administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg stat, then 10 mg/kg twice daily for next two days, while EOPG was administered once daily for 3 days, beginning from day 5 post inoculation. Non-parasitized (n=12) and parasitized controls were treated with the vehicle (5% Tween 80 in distilled water). Parasitemia, weight, survival and behavioral assessment using SHIRPA protocol were taken daily.
Results: EOPG showed anti-plasmodial activity in a dose dependent manner, significantly mitigated mortality rate at higher doses (100 and 150mg/kg), and exhibit dose dependent central nervous system protective effects. Also, except for quinine/6.25 mg/kg EOPG, 100% mortality was observed with combination groups, suggesting a potential to precipitate toxicity.
Conclusion: The study concluded that EOPG possesses antimalarial and central nervous system protective effects and may therefore serves to mitigate neurological syndrome in cerebral malaria.
Peer Review History:
Received: 5 December 2022; Revised: 9 January; Accepted: 25 February 2023; Available online: 15 March 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Rima Benatoui,Laboratory of Applied Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Badji Mokhtar University Annaba, Algeria. [email protected]
Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
EFFECT OF CATHA EDULIS (KHAT) EXTRACT ON COLOR STABILITY OF ACRYLIC RESIN DENTURE TEETH: AN IN-VITRO STUDY
Get PDFBackground and aim: Long-term denture tooth color stability for patients is an important criterion in choosing the types of dental materials to use as one of the main concerns in treatment. Discoloration of denture teeth may result in patient dissatisfaction and an additional expense for their replacement. In Yemen, khat (Catha Edulis) chewing habit may affect the color of acrylic denture teeth. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of khat extract on color stability of reinforced acrylic resin denture teeth.
Materials and Methods: Experimental design carried to 3 brands of reinforced acrylic resin teeth from three manufacturers, Vitapan, FX-Anterior and Shanghai-SND were evaluated 40 specimens (maxillary central incisors) of each brand were selected systematically and grouped into A, B and C respectively. All samples were stored in distilled water (DW) at 37 °C for 24 hours after which baseline colorimetric measurements were recorded by colorimeter. All the specimens were immersed for 24 hours daily and kept in an incubator at 37°C for 30 days. The KH was changed every 24 hours. Colorimeter was used for color change testing of each specimen after 10, 20 and 30 days on CIE L* a* b*. Then the collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results: The results of this study shows that there was a significant effect of KH on acrylic teeth (p<0.001). Also, a significant interaction between the three brands acrylic teeth and KH was found (p<0.05). The effect of time on acrylic teeth color stability was statistically significant (p<0.05). The brands teeth specimens at 10, 20 and 30 days in KH revealed more significantly color change than DW (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The khat homogenate (KH) causes discoloration on the 3 brands of reinforced acrylic teeth and the discoloration increases with the passage of time. The change of discoloration is acceptable clinically except in SND teeth. Vitapin teeth has more color stable compared to FX teeth and SND teeth.
Peer Review History:
Received: 7 February 2023; Revised: 12 March; Accepted: 24 April 2023, Available online: 15 May 2023
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Khaled A AL-Haddad,Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Prevention Department Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Masoomeh S Ghahfarokhi, University of Benin, Nigeria, [email protected]
EVALUATION OF PRACTICES OF HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL IN THE EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION IN SA’ADAH, YEMEN, IN MAINTAINING VACCINE EFFICACY
Get PDFBackground and aim: The effectiveness of any vaccine depends on maintaining it at recommended temperatures from manufacture to administration. Health workers in any health facility play an important and vital role in maintaining the cold chain and vaccine efficiency. Therefore, the aim of conducting this research was to evaluate the practice of health workers working in the Expanded Program on Immunization in Sa’adah, Yemen in the correct procedures to maintain the effectiveness of the vaccine and recording data.
Method: This study was conducted on 60 health facility (H.F) in 11 districts in Sa’adah Governorate, Yemen during the period from 1 June to 30 July 2019. The focus was on the checklist used to assess the general practices of healthcare personnel participating in the immunization program. The location of the refrigerator, the arrangement of the vaccines, the presence of a thermometer, the handling of the syringes, the cleaning of the injection area, the direction of the pentavalent and measles vaccination needle, and the method of storing the vaccines during the sessions were evaluated. Data were entered and cleaned using Microsoft Excel 2019 and exported to SPSS version 26.
Results: The findings show that, the ages of participants ranged from 23-55 years with Mean±SD (34.17±7.310) and 38 (63.3) were male. From a total of health facilities, 43 (91.5) had a good site of refrigerators, 45 (95.7) had a good distance from the wall, and 42 (89.4) had thermometers. There is no significant correlation between the socio-demographics of HCPs and score practice, the total practice scores for HCPs were (21.7%, and 78.3%) for right practice and right but not complete practice, respectively.
Conclusion: Only a small percentage of healthcare providers have corrected practice, while a large number have shown correct but not perfect practice. Hence, regular supportive supervision, ongoing technical support, and on-the-job training are highly recommended to improve the healthcare provider's practice with regard to immunization.
Peer Review History:
Received: 6 December 2022; Revised: 14 January; Accepted: 25 February 2023; Available online: 15 March 2023
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, [email protected]
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Get PDFMy love for our journal, colleagues in our beloved UJPR, as well as for the researchers whose our journal was honored to have the platform to present their research, required me to say some of the words I wrote in order to describe them all: “Beautiful..rather wonderful, worthy, and it is true for us to say with our mouths full.. that it is splendor at its peak, the charm of its beauty, magnificence, and delicacy of its brilliance... It’s articles in this noble scientific platform, our beloved UJPR, the pioneering, promising, and renewed pictures are bright, delicate, and considerate. Elegant words... Thank you, the creative firefly that created these researches and scientific articles, which informed, entertained, persuaded, satiated our thirst, satisfy our desire, cured our passion with the sciences of pharmacy and medicine, and quenched the flames of our love for science and knowledge... God is the role of inspiring writers.”
After that, in the previous issue of UJPR, I liked the distinction of what the dear daughter, the scholar, Dr. Rima Benatoui, as she warned us against falling into the trap of predatory reviews in an attractive location, as she said: “Researchers should deal with some laws, but fall into the trap of predatory reviews with attractive website, supposedly indexed in Scopus, all this torture distorts the art of research, and its main goal of interchange of information, as delaying its application in industries or hospitals”.
I go back and say that success is continuity in giving and that we in our dear journal are committed to this and are committed to developing the journal and reaching the highest ranks and serving researchers by delivering their research to the corners of the earth and serving humanity by finding solutions to health problems that surround people from every aspect
POINT PREVALENCE OF COLORECTAL CANCER IN A MEGA CITY OF PAKISTAN, KARACHI – A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Globally, Colorectal Cancers are also third most common cancers and fourth leading cause of death due to carcinoma. Burden of Colorectal Cancers is also high in Pakistan. The main risk factor for Colorectal Cancer is age, however, other risk factors are e.g. family history, irritable bowel disease, sedentary life-style, high visceral adipose tissues, smoking and alcohol. Hence; the main objective of current study was to determine point prevalence of Colorectal Cancers in a mega city of Pakistan, Karachi; a representative population of Pakistan. It is hypothesized that incidences of Colorectal Cancers would be higher in Karachi than rest of the country.
Materials and Methods: The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi. Duration of study was from January-2015 to October-2019. Data has been collected from two state-owned and four private hospitals of Karachi. Precision analysis technique was used to determine the sample size of study. Study is approved by Board of Advanced Studies & Research, University of Karachi (Reference Number: BASR/01046/Pharm.). Objective of study was explained to patients before initiation the study; informed consent was taken from each patient. S.P.S.S (Statistical-Package-for-Social-Sciences) software version 22 was used to analyze the data.
Results: Among 1,617 patients: male 54.35% (N=879); female 45.64% (N=738). Mean age of diagnosis of colorectal cancer: male 49.51±14.72 years; female 45.28±13.52 years. Significantly higher point prevalence was found in ethnicity speaking Sindhi compared with ethnicity speaking Balochi (p=0.001), Pashto (p=0.0001), Punjabi (p=0.001) and Siraiki (p=0.0001); Urdu speaking compared with Balochi speaking (p=0.0001), Pashto speaking (p=0.0001), Punjabi speaking (p=0.0001) and Siraiki speaking (p=0.0001) in male. In female; Sindhi speaking point prevalence is significantly higher than Siraiki speaking (p=0.028); Urdu speaking point prevalence is significantly higher than patients speaking Balochi (p=0.012), Pashto (p=0.002), Punjabi (p=0.002) and Siraiki (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: Allocation of resources are required at governmental and non-governmental level for early screening. National cancer registry program should also be initiated to support health policy makers for the development of counter strategies.
Peer Review History:
Received: 5 February 2023; Revised: 10 March; Accepted: 28 April 2023, Available online: 15 May 2023
Academic Editor: Prof. Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
EFFICACY OF DRACAENA CINNABARI AS TOOTH WHITENING NATURAL PRODUCT: A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a homemade tooth-whitening recipe using Dracaena cinnabari (DC) resin, which is traditionally used for tooth decay treatment and cleaning in Soqatra. The study investigated the antioxidant activity of the resin extracts in methanol as tooth-whitening natural product.
Materials and Methods: A total of 40 bovine teeth with initial color B2 were selected and divided into four groups. One group was kept as a negative control, while the other three were stained with Yemeni coffee solution for one week. The first group was treated with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) home bleaching, the second group was treated with 10% DC gel with rubbing movement (DC Ru), and the third group was treated with 10% DC gel without rubbing (DC) for 6 hours daily for 14 days. Color measurements were taken at different time points using a spectrophotometer device.
Results: All experimental gels resulted in greater color change compared to the negative control, with DC Ru showing the greatest ΔE* value (p<.001) compared to the DC group (p<.006) and the CP group (p<.001). The second reading of stabilization of all gels resulted with resembled ΔE* values to the first reading of stabilization.
Conclusion: The study suggests that the experimental gels containing phenolic content with strong antioxidant effects may reserve significant clinical potential as active agents for tooth-whitening without using HP/CP. Further studies are needed to measure the effect on surface roughness and color stability.
Peer Review History:
Received: 4 April 2023; Revised: 11 May; Accepted: 23 June 2023; Available online: 15 July 2023
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]