Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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DATA-DRIVEN OPTIMIZATION IN PHARMACY OPERATIONS: A PRESCRIPTION FOR ENHANCED PATIENT CARE
Get PDFThe convergence of patient care and business efficiency in community pharmacies through a Comprehensive Datafication Approach marks a transformative journey toward enhanced healthcare services and operational effectiveness. The aim of this study was to examine diverse perspectives on datafication, AI, and emerging technologies in healthcare, with a particular focus on optimizing community pharmacy operations. The implementation of a Comprehensive Datafication Approach in community pharmacies significantly impacts overall operational efficiency and patient care outcomes. The strict criterion mandates studies to report outcomes related to patient care, business efficiency, or operational metrics, ensuring selected literature aligns cohesively with research objectives, providing a robust basis for exploring dimensions associated with optimizing community pharmacy operations through datafication. Drawing from multiple studies, our exploration encompasses the challenges and potentials inherent in the integration of digital technologies. As we delve into the optimization of community pharmacy operations through AI, these diverse perspectives contribute to a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities in data-driven healthcare transformation. The integration of AI necessitates ethical considerations, inclusive practices, and a balance between optimization goals and individual rights, ensuring a holistic approach to healthcare datafication.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 October 2024; Reviewed 17 November; Accepted 24 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Salfarina Ramli, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. [email protected]
Dr. Sabah Hussien El-Ghaiesh, Tanta University, Egypt, [email protected]
PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY, PROXIMATE AND MINERAL ANALYSIS OF METHANOL EXTRACT FROM COMBINED SEEDS AND PEELS OF PICRALIMA NITIDA
Get PDFBackground and Aim: This study explores the untapped potential of the discarded seed and peel of Picralima nitida, a plant with numerous ethno-medicinal uses. This study was aimed to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the phytochemical, antimicrobial, proximate, and mineral composition of the combined seed and peel to maximize its utilization.
Methods: Phytochemical screening method was used to identify the variety of biological active constituents in the seed and peel, proximate composition analysis technique measured the basic nutritional content of the seed and peel, mineral composition analysis was used to determine the levels of essential minerals and trace elements and antibacterial susceptibility testing was performed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, assessing the extract ability to inhibit microbial growth, with a focus on the sensitivity of E. coli.
Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of some compounds like: flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and polyphenols, while proximate composition analysis showed the following values: moisture (12.80%), carbohydrate (59.71%), crude protein (5.85%), ash (2.53%), crude fat (4.64%), and crude fibre (14.05%). The caloric content was 265.8 kcal/100 g, indicating a high nutritional content suitable for use as a feed additive. Mineral composition analysis revealed significant levels of essential elements. Sodium-to-potassium ratio (0.69) aligns with World Health Organization recommendations for cardiovascular health.
Conclusions: These findings highlight the promising pharmacological and nutritional value of Picralima nitida seed and peel, suggesting its potential as a bioactive additive in both ethno-medicine and industrial applications, including as a complementary food source and poultry feed additive.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 December 2024; Reviewed 11 January 2025; Accepted 20 February; Available online 15 March 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Nkechi Obiofu Ezenobi, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Olanrewaju Rita-Marie Awotona, Legacy University, Banjul , The Gambia, [email protected]
CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF BIOPSIED ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL LESIONS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN SANA’A, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and aims: The term "oral and maxillofacial pathology" describes conditions affecting the mandible, maxillae, salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles, and perioral skin. Because there is a dearth of epidemiological data on oral and maxillofacial lesions (OMFLs) in Yemen, the current study aims to determine the relative incidence of these lesions in Sana'a city, as well as their correlation with age and gender.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on documented records of all patients with OMLs in targeted multi-centers in Sana'a city for 2 years from November 2022 to November 2024. Patient clinical and pathological data, for instance anatomical location, age, gender, and histopathological diagnosis, were recorded and then analyzed.
Results: The sample size was 398 histopathological records of OMFLs, 55.4% of the sample was male and 44.7% were female. The tongue was the site most commonly affected by malignant lesions (49.6%), and the maxilla and mandible were the sites most commonly affected by benign lesions (22.9% and 29.96%). The maxilla and mandible are the most affected sites for cystic lesions (65% and 33.3%). The study found a significant association between male patients and malignant lesions, while female patients were associated with benign and reactive lesions; the odds ratios for these associations were 1.98, 1.7, and 3.8, respectively. Conclusions: Non-malignant lesions were more prevalent than malignant lesions, and dental and medical care providers should give greater importance to pre-malignant and malignant lesions and chronic traumatic ulcers because these lesions are at risk of developing into malignant lesions, through education and awareness of oral health promotion and early detection and treatment of these lesions. The tongue is the site most affected by malignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 December 2024; Reviewed 9 January 2025; Accepted 20 February; Available online 15 March 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Ulster University, Ireland, [email protected]
Dr. Nada Farrag, Misr International University, Egypt, [email protected]
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF HIV TREATMENT STRATEGIES: A FOCUSED LOOK AT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Get PDFHIV continues to be a major global health concern, impacting millions. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved outcomes, transforming HIV into a manageable chronic condition rather than a death sentence, a cure remains elusive. This mini-review examines the intricacies of HIV infection and explores novel curative strategies. Key challenges include the persistence of latent HIV reservoirs, where the virus lies dormant and undetectable and the emergence of drug resistance due to HIV's high mutation rate. Promising avenues of research include using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to improve drug discovery and personalize treatment. Nanoparticles are being developed to deliver drugs directly to infected cells, improving effectiveness and minimizing side effects. Synthetic biology approaches, such as CAR-T and CAR-NK cells, aim to engineer immune cells to target and eliminate infected cells. Gut microbiome modulation is also being investigated as a way to boost immune response and reduce viral reservoirs. RNA interference (RNAi) uses siRNAs to suppress viral gene expression. Finally, therapeutic exosomes offer a new way to deliver antiviral agents to infected cells. These cutting-edge strategies offer hope for a functional or sterilizing cure. Further research and clinical trials are crucial to optimize these technologies and translate them into clinical practice, ultimately aiming to eliminate HIV and end the global epidemic.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 December 2024; Reviewed 11 January 2025; Accepted 20 February; Available online 15 March 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Nyunaï Nyemb, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation of Cameroon, [email protected]
Dr. Olanrewaju Rita-Marie Awotona, Legacy University, Banjul , The Gambia, [email protected]
A RETROSPECTIVE INVESTIGATION OF BLOOD COAGULATIVE PARAMETERS PT, KPTT, PROTEIN C, AND ANTITHROMBIN III IN 95 PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE
Get PDFBackground: The liver is a crucial synthesis of blood coagulation factors and anticoagulative serine proteases such as protein C(PC) and antithrombin III (ATIII), which exerts a key role in the regulation of hemostatic balance. Activated protein C(APC) and protein S complex inactivate the activated factor Va and VIIIa, thus limiting Xa and thrombin formation. The excess protein S can drive cancer cellular proliferation and cell survival through oncogenic receptor Axl. In presence of heparin binding, antithrombin III (ATIII) and thrombin form an inactive complex in a 1:1 molar ratio. ATIII also inactivate factor IXa, Xa, XIa and XIIa at slow rate. In the setting of liver diseases, this reduced dysregulation can be attributed to decreased synthesis by the liver and increased consumption of coagulative factors and protein C and ATIII.
Methods: In current study, using routine detection for the blood coagulative parameters in 75 patients with liver diseases.
Results: The results showed that there exist one or three coagulative parameters PT, KPTT, and TT abnormal longer. Moreover, the abnormal intensity of coagulative parameters was associated to the severity of liver diseases. In our detection of 20 liver cirrhosis, the results showed significantly decreased plasma protein C antigen (PC:Ag 0.5501 vs 1.0578 µ/ml) and antithrombin III level (ATIII: Ag 21.8 vs 39.8 mg/dl, ATIII:C 40.25 vs 105.04%), respectively.
Conclusions: The measurement of multidispillary analyses of coagulative and anticoagulative system protein C and ATIII level are helpful to monitoring the liver diseases and might play a predictable marker.
Peer Review History:
Received 13 September 2024; Reviewed 20 November; Accepted 26 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Vanina Doris Edo’o, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun, [email protected]
Dr. Taiwo O Elufioye, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, [email protected]
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION AMONG LEUKEMIC CHILDREN IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and Aims: An investigation into the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in children with leukemia at an oncology center in Sana’a city, Yemen, was carried out. CMV is a member of the herpesvirus family and is highly prevalent in the general population. It can cause a potentially fatal latent infection and can reactivate in terms of immune suppression as leukemia.
Materials & Methods: To determine the prevalence of CMV, serum samples were collected from pediatric leukemia patients after diagnosis was confirmed by an oncologist at the Leukemia Center of Kuwait University Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen. A total of 253 pediatric leukemia patients were included in the study, 52.2% were males and 47.8% were females, the mean age of the group was 7.8 ± 3.9 years and the age of the patients ranged from 1 to 16 years. All serum samples were tested for CMV-specific IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Data were analyzed by Epi-Info version 6. Odds ratio and chi-square test were used to compare between categorical variables. Statistical significance was considered as p < 0.05.
Results: The prevalence of CMV infection in all participants was 79.1%, with females having a higher prevalence (81.8%) than males (76.5%). The prevalence of CMV current infection (IgM positive) was 6.3%, with females having a 7.4% higher prevalence than males; and age groups 10-14 years had the highest prevalence (9.4%). The study analyzed factors associated with CMV transmission and risk factors for leukemia in pediatric leukemia patients, revealing that 2.8% had other leukemia family members, 91.7% were undergoing chemotherapy, and 2.8% had other diseases.
Conclusion: According to our findings, children with leukemia had a significantly higher prior exposure to CMV. Effective treatment and care practices can help prevent the reactivation of latent viral infections in children with leukemia. Long-term monitoring and additional research are needed to determine the factors that influence the reactivation of latent CMV infection and other latent viral infections in children with leukemia.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 February 2025; Reviewed 9 March 2025; Accepted 23 April; Available online 15 May 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Ali Jaber, Laboratory for Research and Development of Medicines and Natural Products, RDMPN, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, [email protected]
Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, [email protected]
COMPARATIVE OUTCOMES IN MANDIBULAR ANGLE FRACTURE MANAGEMENT RECONSTRUCTION PLATES VERSUS DUAL MINIPLATES FIXATION
Get PDFBackground and aims: The angle created by the positioning of the ramus and mandibular body is known as the mandibular angle. An angle fracture is characterized by a triangular region that is enclosed by the masseter muscle's anterior border and an oblique line that runs from the mandibular third molar region to the masseter muscle's posterior inferior attachment. This study examined the results and side effects of utilizing reconstruction plates against double miniplate fixation for treating mandibular angle fractures.
Materials and methods: The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Al-Thorah Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, carried out the study between 2020 and 2024, diagnosing mandibular angle fractures in two equal groups. Reconstruction plates were used for 20 patients in Group A, and double miniplate fixation was used for another 20 patients in Group B. Following surgery, the two groups had radiographic and clinical evaluations for mandibular deviation, hematoma, infection, limited mouth opening, surgical site edema, plate exposure, plate stability, and malocclusion.
Results: The study found that 15% of patients treated with reconstruction plates experienced bone exposure, 10% experienced impaired stability, 30% reported plate-site edema, and 15% reported nerve injury, compared to the 10% treated with two miniplates. The study found that the use of two miniplates was better at reducing deviation opening in patients treated with two miniplates, with a difference of 15% and a p-value of 0.07.
Conclusion: The study found that fixation using two miniplates is the most effective and reliable treatment strategy for mandibular angle fractures, with lower complication rates and minimal infection rates. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal approach for fixing these fractures.
Peer Review History:
Received 7 April 2025; Reviewed 10 May 2025; Accepted 21 June; Available online 15 July 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Adebayo Gege Grace Iyabo, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, [email protected]
BLOOD BANKING SYSTEMS IN AFRICA: CHALLENGES, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRENGTHENING BLOOD BANKING SYSTEMS IN AFRICA – A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Get PDFBlood banking systems in Africa are critical to addressing the healthcare needs of millions of people, particularly in emergencies, maternal care, and chronic conditions like sickle cell disease. However, the region faces significant challenges that limit the availability and safety of blood, including inadequate infrastructure, financial constraints, insufficient training, and low public awareness about voluntary blood donation. These issues lead to blood shortages, placing immense pressure on healthcare providers and resulting in preventable morbidity and mortality. Despite these challenges, there have been several innovative efforts to improve blood banking systems in Africa. Mobile blood collection units, low-cost blood screening technologies, and national awareness campaigns have demonstrated positive outcomes, increasing access to safe blood, especially in rural and underserved areas. These innovations, combined with the establishment of regional blood transfusion services, have helped to overcome some of the logistical and financial barriers to blood collection and distribution.
Peer Review History:
Received 6 April 2025; Reviewed 9 May 2025; Accepted 21 June; Available online 15 July 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, [email protected]
Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected]
COPING WITH CANCER OF THE LUNG: PSYCHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE PATHWAYS
Get PDFLung cancer poses not just serious physical obstacles but also considerable emotional suffering, affecting patients’ mental well-being and overall quality of life. The diagnosis frequently provokes strong emotional responses such as fear, anxiety, and sorrow, further intensified by stigma and changes to identity. Psychological adjustment the manner in which individuals emotionally and cognitively adapt to the truths of their condition is essential for effective coping. Resilience, which is the capacity to sustain or recover psychological health in the face of challenges, is crucial for promoting positive adaptation to lung cancer. This review compiles existing insights on the coping mechanisms and resilience approaches used by lung cancer patients. Adaptive coping strategies like cognitive reframing, solving problems, and obtaining social support assist in reducing distress and enhancing emotional regulation. Factors that protect, such as robust social connections, spirituality, and previous coping experiences, enhance resilience. Therapeutic approaches, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and meaning-centered psychotherapy, additionally boost patients’ ability to handle psychological difficulties and maintain hope. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in promoting psychological adjustment and resilience through compassionate communication, regular mental health assessments, and coordinated psychosocial assistance
Peer Review History:
Received 6 June 2025; Reviewed 10 July 2025; Accepted 21 August; Available online 15 September 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Eyassu Mathewos, School of public health, college of health sciences and medicine, Wolaita Soddo university- P.O. Box 158, Wolaita Soddo, Ethiopia.
Dr. Fátima Morales Marín, University of Murcia, Spain, [email protected]
PREVALENCE OF ELONGATED STYLOID PROCESS IN YEMENI POPULATION OF SANA’A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and Aim: The styloid process (SP) is a cylindrical bony projection that originates from the inferior part of the petrous temporal bone, directly in front of the stylomastoid foramen. Numerous ligaments, muscles, and nerves are intimately associated with the (SP). When the measurement is more than 30 mm, it is deemed elongated. ES which is typified by a variety of neck and head pains, as well as tinnitus, earache, trigeminal neuralgia, and headache, is related to the elongation of the SP (ESP).The reason of the survey was to look into the ESP prevalence, shape, and calcification pattern in the Yemeni community in Sana'a City, as well as how these factors relate to subgroups and gender.
Methods: This study explored OPG of 1176 Yemeni subjects over the age of 14 years. Some radiograph together with a suspected SP was disregarded from the study. The obvious SP length was calculated by a single qualified maxillofacial and dental radiologist. The distributions of the SP according to sex, age, different types, styloid process length classifications, and differences in the mean length of the ESP in Yemenis were calculated.
Results: The study screened Yemenis for Eagle syndrome, with 35% males and 65% women, with 49.3% having the condition. Styloid process elongation was categorized into elongated type I (20.4%), segmented type III (15.4%), pseudoarticulated type II (2.9%), and type IV elongation due to distant ossification (4.3%). The mean length of the ESP was 29.97±8.17 mm, with no significant differences detected in different age groups.
Conclusion: With or without symptoms, panoramic radiographs are a cost-effective, readily available, and practical diagnostic technique for the early identification of an extended styloid process. Larger sample sizes, however, would be useful in determining how common this extended styloid process is among Yemenis in different areas.
Peer Review History:
Received 4 August 2025; Reviewed 11 September 2025; Accepted 18 October; Available online 15 November 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
Dr. Gülay B Anadolu, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, [email protected]