Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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EFFECTS OF TOCILIZUMAB AND SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN COVID-19
Get PDFBackground: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus, with a high mortality, especially in patients with underlying diseases. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia may express an immune response such as cytokine storm or macrophage activation syndrome, which can lead to organ failure and death.Some studies suggest that corticosteroid and tocilizumab can improve the respiratory status and clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the potential effect of the use of tocilizumab and corticosteroids in patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases on the clinical course and outcome during COVID-19 infection.
Methods: We performed an observational retrospective study of adult patients admitted to “Travnik” and “Jajce” Hospital, Bosnia and Herzegovina, between 01.03.2020 and 01.12.2022 with confirmed COVID-19 and underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Results: The majority of patients (110 or 60.4%) had previously reported cardiomyopathy, and other cardiovascular disease included earlier myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac surgery, compensated cardial disease, and acute myocardial infarction. Total of 159 (87.4%) patients received corticosteroids during treatment. Tocilizumab has been used in 16 patients; nine survived and seven died.
Conclusion: Even some studies proved that it might improve clinical presentation and prevent lethal outcomes; in our study there were no significant results to confirm this thesis.
Peer Review History:
Received 28 September 2024; Reviewed 15 November; Accepted 21 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Robert Tungadi, State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia, [email protected]
Dr. Sabah Hussien El-Ghaiesh, Tanta University, Egypt, [email protected]
THE CONVERGENCE OF STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL AND QUANTITATIVE MICROBIAL RISK ASSESSMENT: ENHANCING PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH SAFETY
Get PDFStatistical process control (SPC) has become an essential tool for maintaining quality and safety in pharmaceuticals, public health, and other industries. This review critically examines the applications and synergistic potential of SPC applications in pharmaceutical manufacturing and public health risk assessment. The article demonstrates SPC's effectiveness in monitoring microbiological quality, detecting process variations, and assessing public health risks. Key applications include microbiological quality control of pharmaceutical products and water systems, statistical analysis of disinfectant efficacy, and risk assessment for infectious disease outbreaks. SPC can provide a unified analytical framework, facilitates proactive risk management, and supports data-driven decision-making. Future research should focus on developing standardized SPC protocols, integrating SPC with other data analysis tools, and exploring new applications. SPC enables researchers and practitioners to improve pharmaceutical quality and public health outcomes significantly.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 August 2025; Reviewed 11 September 2025; Accepted 17 October; Available online 15 November 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Heba M. Abd El-Azim, Damanhour University, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Kingsley C Anukam, University of Benin, Nigeria, [email protected]
Message
Get PDFAs an esteemed member of the Editorial Board of the Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (UJPR), I am pleased to extend my warm greetings to our valued contributors, researchers, and readers. UJPR serves as a platform for the dissemination of high-quality research and advancements in the field of pharmaceutical sciences, fostering innovation and scientific dialogue on a global scale.
At UJPR, we are committed to upholding rigorous peer-review standards to ensure the publication of impactful research that addresses current challenges and emerging trends in pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, medicine, and related disciplines. We encourage researchers to contribute original studies, comprehensive reviews, and thought-provoking discussions that can enhance scientific knowledge and improve healthcare practices.
I sincerely appreciate the efforts of our dedicated authors, reviewers, and editorial team for their unwavering commitment to academic excellence. Together, we strive to advance pharmaceutical research and create a meaningful impact in the scientific community.
We look forward to your valuable contributions and collaborations in making UJPR a leading source of pharmaceutical knowledge
THREE-DIMENSIONAL EVALUATION OF THE FIRST CERVICAL VERTEBRAL MORPHOLOGY IN SKELETAL CLASS I AND III MALOCCLUSIONS IN YEMENI PATIENTS
Get PDFIntroduction: The shape of the cervical vertebrae is known to be of great importance in the field of orthodontics, as it can be used to assess skeletal maturity. This study aimed to evaluate the shape of the cervical vertebrae in individuals with class I and III skeletal malocclusion.
Methods: The research data were collected from the orthodontic patient records by analyzing cone beam computed tomography of the selected individuals before treatment (n=52) this study was conducted between January 2022 and January 2023. The individuals were divided into two groups based on the ANB angle: class I group (n=26, male=12, female=14) and class III group (n=26, male=9, female=17). The ages ranged from 18 to 30 years, and they were all Yemeni.
Results: The shape of the cervical vertebrae differs among individuals with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns. Cone beam radiographs of 52 patients were evaluated to assess the morphology of the first cervical vertebra in both Class I and Class III. Eight linear variables and one angular variable were compared in both groups, and there were significant differences between HOTDC1, LOAPC1, dorsal arch, HOTDC1, H1APC1, FOTDC1, and superior surface among individuals with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns.
Conclusion: The morphology of the cervical vertebrae was found to be influenced by the anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla to the mandible.
Peer Review History:
Received 11 December 2024; Reviewed 6 January 2025; Accepted 21 February; Available online 15 March 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Naglaa Mohamed Ahmed Abd Elaal, Helwan University, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Nazim Hussain, North East Frontier Technical University, Arunachal pradesh, India, [email protected]
OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE JAWS: A 5 YEARS RETROSPECTIVE STUDY AT AL-THAWRA HOSPITAL IN SANA'A, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and aim: Osteomyelitis of the jaws was formerly a terrible condition, but because to increased knowledge, the availability of medications, and improved dental care, its frequency has decreased. The study aimed to determine etiology, clinical features, and results of management and treatment of maxillofacial osteitis patients over a 5 years period in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Al-Thawra Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen.
Methodology: The study was a retrospective case series study that collected data from patients with jaw osteomyelitis at Al-Thawra Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, over a 5 years period. The majority of patients were male, comprising 12 patients (66.7%), while only 6 patients (33.3%) were female. The data included demographics, medical history, clinical presentation, management methods, treatments, and outcomes.
Result: The majority of patients with maxillofacial osteomyelitis were male, aged 45-54, with a mean age of 40±14.5 years, with only one case involving child under 15 years. Osteomyelitis symptoms include purulent discharge, persistent swelling, truisms, intraoral bone exposure, pain, paresthesia, sinus formation, and pathological fractures, with numbness prevalence at 16.7%. The study found carious lesions (50%), extraction socket infections (16.7%), post-extraction infections (11.1%), pulp devitalization agents (11.1%), and severe periodontitis as the most common causes of maxillofacial osteomyelitis.
Conclusion: The majority of patients with maxillofacial osteomyelitis were male, aged 45 to 54 years, and presented with purulent discharge, persistent swelling, palpable signs, intraoral bone exposure, pain, numbness, and pocket formation. The study found that carious lesions and periapical infections were the most common causes of osteomyelitis, with the right side of the jaw being the most common site.
Peer Review History:
Received 5 April 2025; Reviewed 11 May 2025; Accepted 26 June; Available online 15 July 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Branislav Ranković, University of Kragujevac, Serbia, [email protected]
Dr. Dennis Amaechi, MrsFoluBabade Mini Estate , Flat 5 by Old Soldiers Quarter, Sabongari/Bwari, Abuja- Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. [email protected]
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CLASS C AND CLASS D CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS
Get PDFMonitoring and controlling of clean area environment is of paramount importance to ensure product safety and quality. This comprehensive analysis evaluates environmental monitoring (EM) data from Class C and Class D controlled environments in pharmaceutical manufacturing, utilizing Active Air (AA), Passive Air (PA), and Contact Plate (CP) or Replicate Organism Detection And Counting (RODAC) surface samples. The study aims to identify contamination trends, anomalies, and compliance with ISO 14644-1 and EU GMP Annex 1 standards. Results reveal unexpected findings: Class C Active Air (43 CFU/m³) and RODAC (3 CFU/plate) overall averages are higher than Class D Active Air (34 CFU/m³) and RODAC (2 CFU/plate), respectively, deviating from expected cleanroom classification. Class D Passive Air (22 CFU/plate) is higher than Class C (17 CFU/plate), aligning with expectations. Persistent hotspots were identified in Class C (e.g., location labelled “AA C 12 NG0”AA averages± Standard Deviation (SD): 67.33±17 CFU/m³), indicating localized control failures, while Class D showed extreme individual spikes (e.g., AA D 99 Ac: Max 171 CFU/m³). Sporadic contamination events in Class C suggest transient breaches, necessitating root-cause investigations. The study also highlights limitations of Class D monitoring, which obscures temporal trends and risks missing critical excursions due to long intervals between samples. Recommendations include targeted engineering assessments for high-load zones, enhanced Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for cleaning and gowning, adoption of real-time biofluorescent particle counters to replace manual sampling, and increased monitoring frequency in Class D hotspots.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 June 2025; Reviewed 11 July 2025; Accepted 17 August; Available online 15 September 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Dennis Amaechi, MrsFoluBabade Mini Estate , Flat 5 by Old Soldiers Quarter, Sabongari/Bwari, Abuja- Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. [email protected]
Dr. Esther Marguerite Chase DJANGA, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Department of Public Health. University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon. [email protected]
Message
Get PDFI would like to extremely congratulate all the UJPR team for completing about ten successful years since the establishment of the journal. I take this opportunity to thankEditor-in-Chief and all the board membersfor their progress and success in scientific publication pathway and providing suggestions to improve the journal quality, causing a journal indexed in good indexing platforms and increase the journal articles citation. The Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (UJPR) stands as a beacon of progress and promise. This international, peer-reviewed journal is not merely a publication; it's a catalyst for innovation and collaboration. UJPR's commitment to open access signifies an unwavering dedication to the democratization of knowledge, offering a bridge to individuals from diverse backgrounds, and uniting them in the quest for pharmaceutical excellence. As a platform for students and professionals alike, UJPR nurtures aspirations. It provides the resources and insights necessary for individuals to not only build their careers but also to shape the future of pharmaceuticals.
I am expecting more success for our journal to be indexed in the famous indexing such as Scopus and Thomson Reuters
FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND VIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF CORN MILK (Zea mays L.) NANOPARTICLES USING THE IONIC GELATION METHOD
Get PDFBackground: Functional probiotic beverages derived from plant matrices offer sustainable alternatives to dairy-based products but require technological strategies to maintain probiotic viability.
Objective: This study aimed to formulate, characterize, and assess the probiotic viability, release profile, and stability of corn milk nanoparticles prepared by ionic gelation.
Methods: Sodium alginate and calcium chloride were employed in an 8:1 ratio to form nanoparticles containing Lactobacillus shirota. Characterization included particle size, morphology (SEM), in vitro release, and stability testing.
Results: The nanoparticles exhibited a mean diameter of 447.6 nm (PDI = 0.454) with a smooth spherical morphology. Controlled release assays demonstrated a cumulative release of 86.2±2.5% viable probiotics after 4 h in simulated intestinal fluid, confirming sustained delivery potential. Stability assessment showed retention of >80% viable cells after 30 days at 4 °C.
Conclusion: Corn milk nanoparticles produced by ionic gelation exhibited favorable size, morphology, release behavior, and stability, confirming their potential as a non-dairy probiotic delivery system.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 August 2025; Reviewed 11 September 2025; Accepted 17 October; Available online 15 November 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Kamal Elbssir Mohammed Ali, Hail University KSA, [email protected]
THE CLINICAL VALUE OF D-DIMER LEVELS IN CERVICAL CANCER: IMPLICATIONS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF DISEASE PROGRESSION AND RECURRENCE
Get PDFCervical cancer continues to be a significant global health issue, especially in low- and middle-income nations, where late-stage diagnosis and elevated recurrence rates hinder treatment success. Thus, it is essential to identify trustworthy, accessible biomarkers to aid in the early detection of disease progression and recurrence. Among coagulation indicators, D-dimer a byproduct of fibrin breakdown has attracted growing interest for its possible clinical significance in cervical cancer. Increased D-dimer concentrations indicate hypercoagulability, tumor-related angiogenesis, and systemic inflammation, all of which are essential to cancer biology. This narrative review investigates the clinical significance of D-dimer in cervical cancer, assessing its function in risk stratification, tracking treatment response, and forecasting recurrence. We emphasize proof connecting high D-dimer levels to progressed disease stage, metastasis, and unfavorable prognosis, while also addressing its incorporation with imaging and additional hematological indicators to improve diagnostic precision. Issues like assay variability, absence of standardized cut-off values, and confounding factors influencing D-dimer levels are thoroughly assessed. Ultimately, we suggest future research avenues, such as validation studies, integration into predictive models, and investigation of D-dimer within multi-biomarker panels for precision oncology. Connecting coagulation science and oncology, D-dimer presents a potential supplementary marker to facilitate prompt interventions and enhance clinical results in cervical cancer.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 August 2025; Reviewed 9 September 2025; Accepted 17 October; Available online 15 November 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Leyla Açık, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Lucky Llegbosi Nwidu, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
COMPARATIVE RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF BONE DENSITY AND THICKNESS BETWEEN OPEN AND CLOSED REDUCTION OF COMMINUTED MANDIBULAR BONE FRACTURE
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Mandibular fractures, often caused by trauma, can lead to significant functional and aesthetic impairments, including difficulty chewing and speaking, and facial deformities, especially when comminuted. This study compares bone density and thickness in patients with comminuted mandibular fractures resulting from gunshot wounds, using advanced radiological methods to determine treatment efficacy and inform clinical decisions.
Subjects and Methods: This retrospective study compared the treatment of comminuted mandibular fractures resulting from gunshot wounds at Sana'a Military Hospital. The study included patients who underwent open or closed reduction, and demographic data, injury characteristics, and post-treatment examinations were collected. Bone density and thickness were measured using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) or CT scans, and statistical analysis was performed to compare the two groups.
Results: The study included five patients in each group who underwent intermaxillary fixation (IMF) and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). The age distribution of patients was heterogeneous, with 30% between 22 and 24 years old, 20% between 25 and 27 years old, 30% between 28 and 30 years old, and 20% over 30 years old. Malunion was the most common complication, followed by bone loss in 30% of patients. No significant differences in bone density and thickness were observed between the IMF and ORIF groups at the site of injury.
Conclusion: Ultimately, a patient's previous bone density is the determining factor in determining the appropriate treatment for a jaw fracture and is not a criterion for comparison between IMF and ORIF. Although both treatments have risks and benefits, the success of the outcome depends on the quality of the underlying bone to ensure stable healing.
Peer Review History:
Received 6 August 2025; Reviewed 12 September 2025; Accepted 22 October; Available online 15 November 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Mahmoud S. Abdallah, University of Sadat city, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Mohamed Salama, Modern University for Technology & Information, Egypt, [email protected]