Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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Get PDFA recurrent topical discussion the world over among world leaders and advocates is “Climate Change”. It is so important that it is the over-riding issue over countries’ industrial planning and development. Advocates are predicting dire consequences in the coming decade and that by 2030; the global temperatures would rise by 1.5oC, to negatively impact on the climate. As a result, there will be increase in intensity and frequencies of fires, storms and periods of drought, affecting biodiversity and causing changes in the ecosystem. Changes in the habitat of animals, microorganisms and plants are envisaged with some getting extinct, consequently, there may be new disease patterns and spread in new communities, with resurgence of unknown diseases or those that have long been eliminated. The challenge to Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) is huge, because majority access their therapies from the ecosystem. As many medicinal plants are impacted by climate change with upsurge in spread and intensity of old and new diseases, pharmaceutical product development would be impacted, requiring actions that identify and cultivate vulnerable species, as well as production planning by pharmaceutical industries to produce therapies in anticipation of emergence of old or new diseases, including planning for pandemic diseases. Researchers may begin to tailor their research towards finding solutions to these predicted emergencies
IN VIVO STUDY EVALUATES EFFECTIVENESS OF ADDING CIPROFLOXACIN TO CALCIUM HYDROXIDE VERSUS SAUSSUREA COSTUS TO CALCIUM HYDROXIDE MEDICATION AGAINST BACTERIAL BIOFILM IN ROOT CANAL TREATMENT
Get PDFBackground and objectives: Elimination of root canal bacteria is a perquisite for a successful root canal treatment. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of adding ciprofloxacin versus Saussurea costus extract to calcium hydroxide medicament against bacterial biofilm in root canal treatment in vivo study.
Materials and methods: In vivo study on 70 single-rooted human teeth at Sana'a University dental clinics used Saussurea costus extract preparation, including washing, drying, crushing, mixing, centrifugation, drying, and homogenization.The intracanal drug concentration was standardized by mixing 1 g of calcium hydroxide powder with 1 ml of ciprofloxacin or 1 ml of Saussurea costus extract in both groups. Three bacteriological samples were taken before root canal treatment, before Medicaments were placed, and 7 days after, and CFU and bacterial isolation were performed using standard methods.
Results: An intragroup analysis showed that all drug groups had a significant decrease in the number of intracanal bacterial cells from S1 to S2 and from S2 to S3 (p<0.0001). When comparing quantitative S1 or S2 data, there was no significant difference between the groups; however, at Sample 3, the Saussurea costus extract calcium hydroxide (34.05±21.8) had considerably higher bacterial counts than the calcium hydroxide + Ciprofloxacin group (11.9±29 CFU). The most isolated bacteria in S1 and S2 were Staphylococcus aureus (58.6%, 51.4%), followed by Klebsiella species (27.1%, 18.6%), Escherichia coli (25.7%, 17.1%), Enterococcus faecalis (22.9%, 15.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.4%, 12.9%).
Conclusions: The addition of Ciprofloxacin to calcium hydroxide and Saussurea costus- calcium hydroxide provided further antibacterial effectiveness when used as an intracanal medicament in vivo during root canal treatment.
Peer Review History:
Received 27 March 2024; Revised 5 May 2024; Accepted 28 June; Available online 15 July 2024
Academic Editor: Essam Mohamed Eissa, Beni-Suef University, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Kingsley C Anukam, University of Benin, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Liliya Logoyda, Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine, [email protected]
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION WITH ABO AND RHD BLOOD GROUPS
Get PDFBackground: ABO and Rh blood types are associated with a higher risk of disease and are essential for clinical practice and blood transfusion safety. The findings of earlier research on the relationship between blood types and HBV infection are still up for debate. There is no study conducted on the study population to reveal the relationship between ABO and RhD blood groups and infection with hepatitis B virus.
Aims: This study aimed to identify the relationship between blood types and hepatitis B virus infection in blood donors at Jiblah University Hospital in Jiblah town, Yemen
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Venous blood samples were drawn from 120 blood donors and tested for hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) using commercial kits (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, United Kingdom). ABO and Rh blood groups were determined by the cell pooling method. The results were analyzed using SPSS v.20.
Results: This study reported that the most frequent blood types were O positive and A positive 57 (47.5%) and 28 (23.3%) respectively, followed by B positive 14 (11.67%) and O negative 13 (10.83%). The overall phenotypic frequencies of ABO and RhD blood groups were O+>A+>B+>O->A->AB+>B->AB-. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus was 12 (10%). No statistical association was detected between ABO and RhD blood groups and hepatitis B infection.
Conclusions: High prevalence rates of hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors were identified in this study. There was no statistical association between ABO and RhD blood groups and hepatitis B infection.
Peer Review History:
Received 25 March 2024; Revised 3 May 2024; Accepted 22 June; Available online 15 July 2024
Academic Editor: Prof. Cyprian Ogbonna ONYEJI, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Leyla Açık, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, [email protected]
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
ANTIBIOTICS CONSUMPTION AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS AT SANA’A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground: Monitoring antibiotic consumption is crucial to addressing antimicrobial resistance. The aim of current study was to investigate the use and consumption of antibiotics in an intensive care unit in Sana'a, Yemen using DDD and DOT methods, and to our knowledge it is the first of its kind to study this topic.
Methods: A retrospective study on data from the ICU register. The study was carried out from September 2021 to February 2022 on hospitalized patients of five ICUs of main hospitals at 2020. Antimicrobial consumption data were mostly collected manually. Data were analyzed and presented as defined daily dose (DDD) and days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient-days.
Results: A total of 1970 patients were included in this study and the overall consumption of antibiotics in ICUs was as high as 18,017.91 DDD per 1000 patient-days and as high as 17448.73 DOT per 1000 patient-days. The study results found that ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and meropenem were most frequently consumed using DDD and DOT methods among ICU patients, with results by DDDs per 1000 patient-days being 2479.23, 2124.55, and 1830.54, respectively, and results by DOTs per 1,000 patient days being 2,112.69. 2055.33 and 1890.86. The highest amount of antibiotics consumption among WHO AWaRe classification was for "watch" group of 26267.4 and 14674.5 DDDs per 1000 patient per day.
Conclusions: A high consumption of antimicrobial agents such as ceftriaxone, vancomycin and meropenem was found in ICUs of five selected hospitals. There was a significant increasing in “Watch” group antibiotics use and about three-fourths of the prescribed antibiotics were from this group. The study results can be used as a basis before designing any intervention aimed at improving antibiotic use in hospital intensive care units.
Peer Review History:
Received 21 March 2024; Revised 4 May 2024; Accepted 26 June; Available online 15 July 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Mahmut Yıldıztekin, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Masoumeh Divar, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, [email protected]
EVALUATION OF THE RELATIVE POSITION OF THE MANDIBULAR FORAMEN IN YEMENI CHILDREN AS A REFERENCE FOR INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK USING AN ORTHOPANTAMOGRAPH
Get PDFAim and objectives: A crucial component of managing a kid dentistry patient's behavior is pain control. For mandibular teeth, the most used local anesthetic method is inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). So, an effective IANB anesthetic requires knowledge of the mandibular foramen's location. Using digital panoramic radiography pictures, the mandibular foramen's position in relation to the occlusal plane and the deepest point of the anterior border of the ramus was assessed in a sample of Yemeni children aged 4 to 12.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 501 orthodontic charts that were analyzed and divided into three groups: Group 1: 4-6 years, Group 2: 7-9 years and Group 3: 10-12 years. The OPGS were traced directly on radiographic films and measurements were taken from the mandibular foramen to the occlusal level and to the deepest point of the anterior border of the ramus, respectively, on the right and left sides of the mandible. Data were analyzed and the mean and SD were determined and compared for different gender, age groups and side (right/left).
Results: Male participants showed slightly higher mean distance values for MF-AB-Right compared to females (16.276±2.03 mm VS 15.952±1.82), but the contrast was not statistically significant. The study found significant differences in the mean MF distances of ABR between the 10-12 year age group and the 4-6 year age group (16.518±1.86 mm VS 15.487±1.95 mm), (p=0.0001). The mean OP-MF distances for the 10-12 year age group were also significant, with significant differences observed in the right side and left side.
Conclusion: The results were similar for the total children, regardless of gender. The study suggests that the mandibular foramina position may vary among different age groups. For inferior alveolar nerve block, the needle should be inserted slightly below the OP in 4-6 years old girls and at the same level of OP in 7-9 years old girls, and 4-6 years old boys.
Peer Review History:
Received 23 March 2024; Revised 6 May 2024; Accepted 29 June; Available online 15 July 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Masoumeh Divar, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, [email protected]
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Get PDFWith great pleasure, we would like to congratulate all of the staff and members of the Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (UJPR) on their accomplishments in the field of scientific publishing. The UJPR's primary objective is to continuously improve in order to fulfill the standards of scientific publishing. In recent years, it has made significant progress in this regard by supporting the publication of high-caliber scientific articles that span a wide range of pharmaceutical and medical studies in many sectors. I anticipate greater success in getting our journal included in prestigious indexes like Scopus.
Following this welcome, I will write about the significance of the author's face image presentation in the journal, so that readers and research colleagues throughout the globe can identify her/him. It is well established that facial expressions are required for conscious or unconscious emotional expression. Rejection is indicated by a frown. Generally speaking, a smile indicates happiness. "The fundamental basis of empathy and the ability to interpret a person's reactions and predict the likelihood of subsequent behaviors" is the capacity to read emotions in another person's face. Individual differences in face features and expression are largely attributed to the role that facial muscles play in emotion expression. Psychologists contend that the face has significance inherent in its shape rather than being merely a compilation of traits. This supports the idea that an image is perceived as a whole rather than as a collection of fragments. Additionally, studies show that specific brain regions react favorably to faces. "When viewing pictures of strangers, shy adults showed significantly less activity in the fusiform gyrus than sociable adults." The fusiform face area, located within the fusiform gyrus, is engaged by faces and is activated differentially in shy and sociable persons. Additionally, a different study found that specific brain regions react more strongly to an attractive face: "A widely distributed neural network that includes perceptual, decision-making, and reward circuits is excited by facial beauty."
Therefore, the "face" of a system with an internal structure is everything that is visible to the outside world, like a building's facade. A press or public relations representative, for instance, could be referred to as the "face" of the company they work for. An anonymous person is occasionally referred to as "faceless" since "face" is associated with uniqueness and is used figuratively in social contexts to denote reputation or status. For this reason, the UJPR feels that the scientists that published their study shouldn't be faceless/nameless; rather, they should be recognized as successful and famous in world society, and as such, their images ought to be on show
BEYOND THE USUAL SUSPECTS: REVIEW ON EXPLORING RARE, EMERGING AND ENVIRONMENTALLY INFLUENCED METABOLIC DISORDERS
Get PDFThis review highlights the multifaceted landscape of metabolic disorders, focusing on often overlooked or understudied conditions. These disorders were categorized based on potential etiology, including rare inherited, disorders of unknown origin, emerging conditions and those influenced by other diseases, environmental factors, or immune dysfunction. Additionally, we explore the impact of personalized metabolic variations and the intricate relationship between metabolism and mental health. By exploring specific examples such as maple syrup urine disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, bile acid malabsorption and mitochondrial disorders, we emphasize the diverse spectrum of metabolic challenges. This overview underscores the need for continued research to unravel the complexities of these conditions, leading to improved diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies. This is an interesting area for pharmaceutical field that need attention and extensive research to find promising treatments for the underestimated populations impacted by these diseases.
Peer Review History:
Received 22 July 2024; Reviewed 17 September 2024; Accepted 19 October; Available online 15 November 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam, USTC, Chittagong, Bangladesh, [email protected]
Dr. Mohammad Tauseef, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, [email protected]
Message
Get PDFIn the realm of pharmaceutical sciences, The Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (UJPR) stands as a beacon of progress and promise. This international, peer-reviewed journal is not merely a publication; it's a catalyst for innovation and collaboration. UJPR's commitment to open access signifies an unwavering dedication to the democratization of knowledge, offering a bridge to individuals from diverse backgrounds, and uniting them in the quest for pharmaceutical excellence.
UJPR's role in disseminating original research, scientific commentary, and reviews is more than a scholarly endeavor; it's a global mission to elevate the pharmaceutical community's understanding. It's a testament to the power of shared knowledge and the potential for transformative change that comes from connecting pharmaceutical professionals across the world. Moreover, UJPR's commendable efforts to honor and uplift the trailblazers in the pharmacy profession inspire hope. Recognizing the contributions of academicians, researchers, and emerging scientists sends a powerful message: the future of pharmaceuticals is in capable hands, and the possibilities are limitless. As a platform for students and professionals alike, UJPR nurtures aspirations. It provides the resources and insights necessary for individuals to not only build their careers but also to shape the future of pharmaceuticals. It's a guiding light for those who seek to make a lasting impact.
In championing a multidisciplinary approach and welcoming cutting-edge research, UJPR sows the seeds of progress. It's a harbinger of breakthroughs that have the potential to revolutionize healthcare and improve lives. Its commitment to selecting the most significant papers ensures that every reader can find knowledge that resonates with their aspirations. In summary, The Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (UJPR) is more than a publication; it's a source of optimism. It's a symbol of progress, collaboration, and excellence in the pharmaceutical field. UJPR invites us all to join in the pursuit of a brighter and healthier future through the power of pharmaceutical knowledge
TOXICITY PROFILING OF THE CO-ADMINISTRATION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF PIPER GUINEENSE AND QUININE IN RATS
Get PDFBackground: The co-administration of medicinal plant products with orthodox drugs is not uncommon with a view to enhancing efficacy and improving treatment outcomes. However, reports indicated that such combinations may also enhance associated toxic effects. We recently reported that though the co-administration of essential oil of P. guineense (EOPG) and Quinine has the potential to improve treatment outcomes in experimental cerebral malaria, the observed deaths associated with higher co-administered doses necessitated the need for further toxicological evaluation.
Method: Rats were randomly divided into 12 groups (n=10), consisting of control, quinine, EOPG (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg), and their respective Quinine combinations. Control received vehicle (5% Tween 80 in distilled water), Quinine was given at a dose of 20 mg/kg stat, then 10 mg/kg twice daily for the next two days, while other groups were treated once daily for 3 days. All doses were administered intraperitoneally and rats were assessed for weights and novelty-induced behaviors (NIB). On day 4, rats were randomly sub-grouped into Treated and non-dosing Recovery (n=5) and sacrificed on day 4 and 18 respectively. Blood and organ samples were processed for hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluation.
Results: In this study, analysis of our results showed that co-administration of EOPG and Quinine revealed significant alterations in body and organ weights, rearing, grooming, and locomotion, as well as biochemical and hematological, and liver histoarchitecture, with potential for persistent toxicity.
Conclusion: We propose that the earlier reported death associated with the co-administration of EOPG with Quinine in experimental cerebral malaria may be associated with increased toxicity on the liver and risk of heart-related diseases. This study concludes that despite the beneficial effects of EOPG/Quinine co-administration at lower doses, caution is advised.
Peer Review History:
Received: 2 October 2023; Revised: 9 November; Accepted: 27 December; Available online: 15 January 2024
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
TARGET ONCOGENIC RECEPTORS IN TUMOURS, FROM ITS INITIAL CLINICAL BREAKTHROUGHS TO CURRENT CLINICAL STANDARD THERAPY
Get PDFEpidermal growth factor (EGF) is a polypeptide hormone originally isolated from mouse submaxillary gland, which is a potent mitogen for a wide variety of culture cells of both epithelial and mesenchymal origin, and its important role in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neural and glial precursor cells. The physiological effects of EGF are mediated by an EGF receptor with tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. The traditionally accepted view is that normal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is no tumorigenic, whereas mutated EGFR such as an oncogenic receptor EGFRvIII is oncogenic. In recent, it has been implicated that EGF could be beneficial for burn, wound healing, diabetic foot ulcer, and show an attractive perspective. In addition, cosmetic containing EGF would be effective in improving the plasticity of skin, helps in anti-aging and whitening, and controls the amount of erythema and sebum in the skin. In our team we have successfully prepared a series of 350 bottles of Shampoo liquid and 26 bottles of recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) spray, and 4 bottles of EGF-Silvadence ointment. The initial results indicated that prepared rhEGF is safe and available in clinical use. On the other hand, progress on the interaction of EGF with its altered oncogenic receptor signaling through its downstream molecules such Ras/Raf/MAPK (see figure in the full text, George Zhu,1991) and/or PI3k/akt pathway in the development of some cancers such as A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells, brain glioblastoma, breast, pancreas and lung cancers. In addition to a series of gefitinib, erlotinib, osimertinib and the CIMA vax-EGF vaccine, an antioncogenic receptor antibody based fusion protein [for example Cetuximab-based IL-10 fusion protein, CmAb-(IL10)2] provide a potential strategy to improve cancer immunotherapy.
Peer Review History:
Received 1 December 2023; Revised 26 January 2024; Accepted 2 March; Available online 15 March 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]