Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Not a member yet
705 research outputs found
Sort by
HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND LEUKEMIA PATIENTS: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION AMONG LEUKEMIA PATIENTS WHO ACHIEVE LONG-TERM REMISSION AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY
Get PDFAim and objective: Leukemia patients are at elevated risk of hepatitis C virus infections, with anti-HCV prevalence ranging from 4.3% to 70% post-chemotherapy remission. Long-term leukemia survivors' natural histories are unclear. We measured anti-HCV antibodies to investigate the frequency of HCV infections and the associated odds factors of contracting HCV among leukemia patients who achieved long-term remissions after chemotherapy.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, comprising leukemia patients at the oncology center at Kuwait Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen. It included people with leukemia of different ages and genders. Data was collected through a standard questionnaire prepared for this study, which includes clinical symptoms, risk factors, demographic data, and the results of diagnostic tests. Antibody tests for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were done by ELISA.
Results: The majority of patients with HCV are male, with a mean age of 12.8 years. The prevalence is 5.5%, with males having a higher prevalence. Most patients receive blood transfusions more than twice, with major blood banks, Al-Kuwait hospitals, and private hospitals being the primary sources. AML and ALL are the two most common leukemias. Male patients have a higher risk, and those over 15 years old have a higher risk.
Conclusions: This study is the first in Yemen to investigate the prevalence of HCV infections in patients with leukemia. According to our research, leukemia patients had a greater prevalence of HCV than the general population's national prevalence. However, health care workers (HCWs) and patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients have prevalence's of HCV that are comparable.
Peer Review History:
Received 14 May 2024; Reviewed 13 July 2024; Accepted 22 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
A HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE GLOBAL POPULATION IN TERMS OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY RATES: IS HUMANITY READY TO FACE FUTURE PANDEMICS?
Get PDFFor now, the spotlight is turning away from the recent Corona epidemic, but this should not pass without some important lessons being learned. Knowing that the epidemic is continuing and spreading, with 662 million new cases recorded in the year 2023. The arms race between countries has led to increased investment in biological weapons, highlighting the military human participation in spreading epidemics. Despite scientific and technical progress, humanity is not equipped to deal with microbial epidemics, and therefore the safeguards taken by public health officials in combating epidemics must be re-evaluated. The current mortality rate for SARS-CoV-2 is low, but some other viral diseases have high mortality rates, so if a pandemic occurs due to it worldwide, as happened with COVID-19, it will be a disaster. The WHO database provides a comprehensive view of COVID-19 cases and deaths, enabling public health measures to be implemented globally according to a recent revision until the end of 2023. Major affected countries in terms of total morbidity and mortality include the USA, India, France, Germany, Brazil, Japan, Russia, Turkey, Spain, Viet Nam, Australia, China, Argentina, Mexico, Indonesia, Poland, Colombia, Austria, Portugal, Greece, Ukraine, Chile, and Malaysia. The Coronavirus appears to affect developed countries more than developing countries, but the efficiency in collecting cases affects the reliability of interpreting data in this way in general. Despite the progress made, much effort remains to be made to combat the disease in its mild form at this time. Modeling disease spread helps understand community characteristics and assists public health authorities with management and control measures. Collaboration and quantitative risk index projections are crucial for pandemic prevention and control.
Peer Review History:
Received: 6 October 2023; Revised: 7 November; Accepted: 28 December; Available online: 15 January 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, [email protected]
A REVIEW: THERAPEUTIC, MEDICINAL AND FOOD USES OF ALOE VERA
Get PDFThe history for the use of Aloe vera for medicinal purposes starts from about 3000 years. Medicinally, this plant may be able to treat skin cancer as well as sunburns, burns, and small wounds. More than 104 compounds from various parts of this plant, including minerals, vitamins, amino acids, enzymes, sterols, anthraquinone, flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, polysaccharides, sugars, and polyphenols, have been isolated thus far, according to scientific reports on phytochemical analysis of this plant. The biological activities of these compounds are diverse and include anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, diuretic, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cosmetic effects for medical therapy. This article mainly emphasizes therapeutic, medicinal and food uses of A. vera.
Peer Review History:
Received: 3 October 2023; Revised: 9 November; Accepted: 26 December; Available online: 15 January 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]
DIARRHEA CAUSING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS AMONG DIARRHEA PATIENTS FROM SANA’A CITY, YEMEN
Get PDFBackground and aims: The rise of antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacteria causing diarrhea remains a major worldwide health concern, especially in children under five. The purpose of this surveillance study was to ascertain the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Enterobacteriaceae, which cause diarrhea.
Materials and Methods: The National Center for Public Health Laboratories (NCPHL) in Sana'a city was the site of this cross-sectional investigation. Patient stool samples exhibiting diarrhea were gathered and cultivated using standard differential/selective medium. Standard biochemical assays and serological investigations were employed to identify the isolates. With the aid of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, the antibiogram was identified.
Results: Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained from 972 stool samples collected; 15.3% (149/972) were diarrheagenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, including E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella. There were 8.3% (81/972) Salmonella spp., 5.7% (56/972) Shigella spp., and 1.2% (12/972) E. coli. E. coli strains were grouped, with the most prominent being serogroups O153 (3, 2%) and O25 (2, 1.4%). Fifty-six (37.6%) Shigella species were identified as Shigella boydii type 2 and Shigella bodii type 17, which were the most common Shigella isolated (11, 8.1%, and 16, 10.7%, respectively). We detected high resistance of Salmonella isolates to tetracycline (29/81, 35.8%) but relatively low resistance to ciprofloxacin (7/81, 8.6%) and ceftriaxone (5/81, 6.3%).
Conclusion: The many Enterobacteriaceae linked to instances of diarrhea in Sana'a, Yemen, were demonstrated in this study, along with the necessity of differential diagnosis for improved treatment results. Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli have all been linked to episodes of diarrhea in Sana'a city. To stop Yemen's antimicrobial resistance from spreading, regular antimicrobial susceptibility testing, efficient monitoring, and national surveillance of AMR bacteria should be put into place.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 February 2024; Revised 12 March 2024; Accepted 20 April; Available online 15 May 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
Dr. Esther Marguerite Chase DJANGA, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Department of Public Health. University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon. [email protected]
IN VITRO EFFICACY OF VITEX AGNUS-CASTUS EXTRACTS AGAINST TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS: A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH
Get PDFAim and objectives: Trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection globally. The current treatment, 5-nitroimidazole derivatives has raised concerns as a result of drug reliance, allergies, and drug resistance, driving efforts to identify alternative therapies. The Vitex species recognized for their pharmacological attributes including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties are promising candidates for further investigation.
Methods: In this study, the potential of Vitex agnus-castus extracts against T. vaginalis was explored. The water, ethanol, and 60% aqueous ethanol extracts from both leaves and fruits were examined for their effects on metronidazole (MET)-resistant (TV 50143) and sensitive strains (TV-78). Cytotoxicity was evaluated on L929 mouse fibroblast cells to determine the minimum lethal dose for each extract under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Results: Antitrichomonial activity, cytotoxic activity and Selectivity Index (SI) values revealed distinct efficacy profiles. Leaf water extract displayed a balanced selectivity profile, while leaf 60% ethanol extract showed moderate to high selectivity. The fruit 60% ethanol extract exhibited significantly elevated selectivity with SI values of 2 and 1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively, for the MET-sensitive reference strain, and 3 and 5, respectively, for the MET-resistant reference strain.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of the fruit 60% ethanol extract as a promising candidate for future drug development. Further investigations into its mechanisms and optimization are warranted to enhance its efficacy against T. vaginalis.
Peer Review History:
Received 13 May 2024; Reviewed 15 July 2024; Accepted 21 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
COMPARATIVE OF PIEZOELECTRIC AND CONVENTIONAL OSTEOTOMY FOR LOWER THIRD MOLAR IMPACTION EXTRACTION WITH SUBMUCOSAL DEXAMETHASONE INJECTION
Get PDFBackground and aim: The most common procedure performed in the outpatient setting in maxillofacial surgery practices is the extraction of impacted third molars. This technique often requires incision, flap reflection, and bone removal, which causes tissue stress and involves large amounts of connective tissue and blood vessels in the third molar area. The aim of this study was to examine decompression surgery and the rotary technique alone and to evaluate the combined effect of decompression surgery and conventional osteotomy with submucosal dexamethasone injection on the sequelae after surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars.
Methodology: With a sample of sixty individuals, a randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out. Four groups of fifteen participants each were created: Group 1 was for conventional rotatory therapy; Group 2 was for conventional rotatory therapy plus a 4 mg dose of dexamethasone following surgery; Group 3 was for piezosurgery; and Group 4 was for piezosurgery plus a 4 mg dose of dexamethasone following surgery. The surgical working time was determined in minutes, the maximum mouth opening was measured in millimeters at baseline and on the second, fifth, and seventh day using a Vernier Caliper, and the postoperative pain was quantified using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) every day for the first week.
Result: A study involving 36 women and 24 men aged 21-32 years performed a procedure involving impacted lower third molars, with a 100% success rate. All patients showed soft tissue healing without serious events or infection. Pain levels were greater in group 3 (3.7 degrees) and lower in group 2 (2.6 degrees). No significant differences were found in pain levels of dexamethasone injection among the four groups.
Conclusion: The use of submucosal dexamethasone injection with conventional and electrosurgical osteotomy is beneficial for alleviating post operative complication after removal of impacted third molar surgery.
Peer Review History:
Received 11 July 2024; Reviewed 17 September 2024; Accepted 23 October; Available online 15 November 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Ahmad Abdelsattar El-Ebiary, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS AMONG MALNOURISHED CHILDREN: CAUSES, ASSOCIATED FACTORS, AND OPHTHALMIC ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF COMMON BACTERIAL ISOLATES
Get PDFBackground and aims: More than 15 million children worldwide are thought to have one or more congenital or acquired visual impairments. If their immune system is defective due to poor nutrition, children are more susceptible to eye infections and other eye disorders. The ongoing, intense war and disruption of social services have had a clear impact on the overall health and nutritional status of children and the entire population in Yemen. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to study bacterial conjunctivitis in malnourished children by identifying bacterial causes and associated factors and determining patterns of ocular antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates.
Subject and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the three selected places (Alkhpt hospital in Al-Kapt district, Al-Khamis hospital in Al-Khamisdistrict, and Al-Joumhori hospital in Al-Mahwatt city), from November 2022 until June 2023. The first clinical investigations of malnutrition and conjunctivitis were done by doctors in the hospitals and recorded in the pre-designed questionnaire. Collected eye swabs were investigated for bacteriological agents and antibiotic susceptibility according to standard laboratory methods in the National Center of Public Health Laboratories Sana’a (NCPHL).
Results:The study included 351 males (46.4%) and 406 females (53.6%). 143 children (18.9%) suffer from moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and 55 (7.3%) from severe acute malnutrition (SAM), with total global acute malnutrition equal to 198 (26.2%).There was a highly significant association of bacterial conjunctivitis with MAM (OR=3.1, p<0.0001), SAM (OR=2.9, p<0.0001), and severe stunting (OR=2.2, p<0.0001).
Conclusions: The severity of acute malnutrition was very high in the study area, reaching a critical phase and exceeding the emergency threshold. The commonest causative organisms of bacterial conjunctivitis were S. aureus and Branhamella catarrahalis. Since there isn't a single medication that can effectively treat these diverse species of bacteria, it's best to look into bacteriological culture and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity.
Peer Review History:
Received: 4 October 2023; Revised: 9 November; Accepted: 25 December; Available online: 15 January 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Nkechi Obiofu Ezenobi, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected]
Dr. Nicola Micale, University of Messina, Italy, [email protected]
POSTMORTEM HEART DISSECTION FOR SUDDEN DEATH EXAMINATION
Get PDFThe article describes the postmortem heart examination technique during a forensic autopsy of adults. The heart examination technique is based on the recommendations of scientific societies of pathologists, publications on autopsy techniques used in recent decades. The achievements of morphologists of the second half of the 20th century are also taken into account. The postmortem heart examination technique provides an examination of the coronary vessels, as well as myocardium and heart valves. The possibilities for examination of the elements of the conductive system are also represented. The following method ensures preservation of topographic relationships of morphological structures within the heart and possibility of its re-examination. The postmortem heart examination includes the following stages: examination of the coronary arteries, the making of three transverse incisions from the apex to the middle of the ventricles, “blood flow” incisions taking into account the localization of the main nodes of the conducting system, as well as the peculiarities of the examination of the heart valves.
Peer Review History:
Received: 1 October 2023; Revised: 6 November; Accepted: 23 December; Available online: 15 January 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Rima Benatoui, Applied Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, Algeria. [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
Message
Get PDFFraternal Greetings!
For the researchers, the select of the appropriate journal to propagate their research outcomes is vivacious to their accomplishment. This is principally imperative if new findings and data need to be dispersed in fast track which is need of the hour for a researcher. Research findings depend on original flawless thinking and broadcasting of the research aftermaths. UJPR paves way for scientific dissemination of research outcomes in comprehensive areas such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmeceuticals, biosciences, chemo-informatics, biomedical informatics, etc. UJPR is an international journal emerging to pinnacle in a shorter span of period with the backing of vigorous review process that meet global standards. Of course, the journal has illustrious editorial and eminent review board members with weighty experience in their area of expertise. It is indexed in not less than 40+ indexing services and sooner expected to gain SCOPUS index. I propose researchers to consider this journal as one of their choice to publish their findings.
The Chief Editor constantly appreciate editors and reviewers for their persistence and hard work and likewise welcome any comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the journal
PREVALENCE, TYPING, AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF ORAL CANDIDA COLONIZATION IN DENTURE WEARING AND FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE COMPARING TO NORMAL TEETH INDIVIDUALS
Get PDFBackground and objectives: Oral Candida colonization (OCC) is one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections among people who wear dentures and have FOA. The prevalence of OCC and Candida among denture patients and FOA patients may change due to the presence of these dental appliances. This study aims to identify the different Candida species, determine the prevalence of OCC in 3 groups of individuals with removable or fixed dentures and fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) compared with a control group of people with natural teeth and study the risk factors associated with contracting oral Candida species among these groups.
Subjects and methods: The investigational group was selected from denture and orthodontic patients who were clinically examined at the earliest time to obtain basic information before any effective treatment of dental infection. The group included 104 dental patients; 104 fixed orthodontic appliance (FOA) patients and 102 controls. The oral mucosa of each participant was first swabbed and then placed in a liquid medium. Then, after creating successive dilutions and applying them to Sabouraud dextrose agar, the isolates were diagnosed by culturing them on Candida agar with color, observing the colony characteristics of the species, in addition to studying the biochemical reactions to confirm the species.
Results: Of the 108 persons with OCC, 44 (34.8%) had a positive OCC. 148 oral Candida spp. were found in 108 OCC patients. C. albicans (49.1%) was the most frequently isolated species, followed by C. glabrata (35.2%) and C. dubliniensis (13%). C. kefyr, C. krusei, C. famata, C. africana, and C. stellatoidea were initially isolated for the first time in the oral cavities of Yemeni dentistry patients. A higher rate of colonization was observed in the male group (48.5%) versus 25% in the female group, with odds ratio equal to 2.8, CI=1.7–4.6, X2=18, and p<0.001. Also there was association of denture wearing (44.2%, OR= 1.8, p =0.01) and older ages, (52.5%, OR= 2.3, p=0.01) with high rate of oral candida colonization.
Conclusion: Candida colonization remains a major problem in the oral cavity. Although the prevalence of non-albicans Candida (NAC) species is increasing, C. albicans was still the dominant species. A higher rates and significant risk factors of OCC were observed in the male group, denture patients and the elderly.
Peer Review History:
Received 2 December 2023; Revised 29 January 2024; Accepted 28 February; Available online 15 March 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Vanina Doris Edo’o, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun, [email protected]
Dr. Taiwo O Elufioye, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, [email protected]