Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
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A REVIEW: OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA AS A SOURCE OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUND INGREDIENTS FOR FUNCTIONAL FOODS, NUTRITION, HUMAN DISEASE AND HEALTH
Get PDFOriginally from Mexico, today, prickly pears (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) can be found worldwide, but they are most common in Africa., Australia, and the countries of the Mediterranean. The Cactaceae family, which has more than 1500 species of cactus, includes prickly pears. Additionally, consumers are becoming more and more interested in it because it contains bioactive substances like carotenoids, sterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and vitamins that are linked to important biological and functional activities such as effects on antioxidants, inflammation, and hypoglycemia as it prospers in dry and semiarid areas, this plant is very effective in preventing desertification and can be exploited in fields and gardens as a fence. Although it is frequently used today to make culinary products like jams and juices, it is also eaten as a fruit. If one wishes to create novel products with health-promoting properties for food, cosmetics, or pharmaceutical fields, as a feasible wellspring of phytochemicals for practical food sources, natural additions, or nutritional supplements, prickly pears are affordable.
Peer Review History:
Received 3 December 2023; Revised 25 January 2024; Accepted 6 March; Available online 15 March 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, [email protected]
Dr. Evren Alğin Yapar, Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Turkiye, [email protected]
COMPARATIVE CURE AND SUPPRESSION EFFICACY OF FORMULATED GRANULES WITH A MARKETED SIMILAR PRODUCT
Get PDFAim and Objectives: Malaria, a major global health challenge which makes antimalarial drugs one of the commonly prescribed class of drugs World-wide. The most vulnerable are the children and the women especially the expectant mothers. There is need to develop locally and readily available excipients from natural sources to replace imported ones currently being used by our local manufacturing industries. The purpose of the investigation was to test the formulated granules for oral suspension.
Methods: Some weighed albino rats were infected with Plasmodium berghei, then the standard dose of the artemether-lumefantrine oral suspension formulated, a marketed product, and distilled water were administered ; 4/24 mg artemether-lumefantrine per kg body weight per oral to weighed albino rats. Then, other groups were administered standard dose of different formulated granules, a marketed similar product and distilled water respectively. These treated albino rats were then infected with Plasmodium berghei and blood samples were withdrawn from the tail veins, stained with Giemsa stain and the Plasmodium berghei count for the untreated and treated albino rats were determined.
Results: The percentage clearance and suppression were calculated for the different formulations; pectin and its hybrid formulations, a marketed product and distilled water as a control which were 83.73, 85.2, 74.9 and 2.62, and 83.74, 85.2, 74.22, and 0% for curative and suppressive efficacies respectively.
Conclusions: The investigations revealed that the most effective was the hybrid-formulated granules were closely followed by pectin-formulated granules and the least was the marketed product.
Peer Review History:
Received 17 May 2024; Reviewed 12 July 2024; Accepted 20 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Dr. Ahmad Abdelsattar El-Ebiary, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt, [email protected]
PHARMACOKINETIC DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS MEDIATED BY ORGANIC CATION TRANSPORTERS: ARE ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED?
Get PDFA clear understanding of all the processes that influence drug disposition is important to enable a prediction of pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Xenobiotics are transported across bio-membranes and the process is mediated by various membrane transporters which include “Organic Cation Transporters” (OCTs). OCTs are specifically involved in the transport of several molecules that have positive charges in vivo and these include a wide variety of weakly basic drugs.As several antimalarial drugs are weakly basic and can be cationic in biological fluids, the contribution of OCTs to the drug disposition appears to be underestimated because most studies on the pharmacokinetic drug interaction with antimalarial drugs are focused on the interactions at the sites of drug metabolism. This review provides an update on the significance of OCTs on the pharmacokinetic disposition of antimalarial agents with a view to identifying potentials for drug interactions that could involve concurrently administered drugs which are either inhibitors or substrates of OCTs. A very significant likelihood exists for concurrent use of antimalarial drugs with other medicines because of the occurrence of comorbidities with malaria. There are limited studies on antimalarial pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction studies in which role of OCTs are investigated. From the literature, and using in vitro studies, the following antimalarial drugs, chloroquine, piperaquine, proguanil, and cycloguanil have been reported to be substrates of different OCTs while tafenoquine, pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, quinine, and mefloquine were shown to be inhibitors. Atovaquone and artesunate were shown not to be substrates and did not demonstrate any inhibitory potency. This information provide basis for prediction of any potential interaction between antimalarial drugs and other co-administered medicines which are inhibitors/substrates of the transporter proteins.
Peer Review History:
Received 6 February 2024; Revised 15 March 2024; Accepted 26 April; Available online 15 May 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, [email protected]
Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, [email protected]
ANTILEISHMANIAL EFFICACY OF HERACLEUM PERSICUM DESF. EX. FISCH. EXTRACTS AGAINST LEISHMANIA TROPICA PROMASTIGOTES
Get PDFBackground: Heracleum persicum known as “suhotu” is widely distributed in Adana, Hakkari Van and used in the production of famous Van herb cheese. The antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antiepileptic, hepatoprotective, and antifungal properties were previously investigated on H. persicum extracts.
Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the in vitro antileishmanial potential of H. persicum extracts prepared by solvents having different polarities.
Methods: The extracts of aerial parts of H. persicum were obtained by maceration, and in vitro antileishmanial efficacy was assayed on L. tropica promastigotes using CellTiter-Glo® Cell Viability assay.
Results: The diethylether extract of H. persicum was found to be the most active extract on L. tropica promastigotes with IC50 value at 151.6 µg/ml. The n-hexane extract with 160.2 µg/ml IC50 value exhibited higher antileishmanial activity than methanol, ethylacetate and etanol extracts which had IC50 values at 229, 343.5, and 4708 µg/ml, respectively
Conclusions: The n-hexane and the diethylether extracts of H. persicum which showed remarkable in vitro antileishmanial activities could constitute a valuable source for leishmanicidal compounds.
Peer Review History:
Received 24 May 2024; Reviewed 11 July 2024; Accepted 21 August; Available online 15 September 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
Message
Get PDFThe Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research is a commendable reflection of the journal’s commitment to impactful global health research. The featured studies on innovative antileishmanial and anti-inflammatory therapies highlight the strides being made in disease treatment, while studies on medication adherence in some countries demonstrate a thoughtful approach to improving healthcare accessibility in diverse contexts.
In this welcome, I will discuss the importance of presenting the author's facial image in the journal to help global readers and research colleagues recognize them. Facial expressions play a crucial role in both conscious and unconscious emotional communication, with frowns indicating rejection and smiles suggesting happiness. The ability to interpret these expressions is foundational for empathy and understanding others' reactions. Individual facial features contribute to emotional expression, and psychologists argue that a face is perceived holistically rather than as a collection of parts. Research indicates that certain brain regions respond more actively to faces, with differences noted between shy and sociable individuals in their brain activity when viewing unfamiliar faces. Additionally, attractive faces activate a widespread neural network related to perception, decision-making, and reward.
The exploration of plant-based treatments showcases nature’s promising potential in pharmaceuticals, and the investigation into sustainable chitosan extraction practices demonstrates a forward-thinking approach to resource use. This Journal also includes timely reviews on hypertension management and stroke prevention, offering practical, evidence-based guidance for widespread health concerns, and underlining the journal’s value to both researchers and clinicians.
Collectively, these articles underscore the journal’s role as a beacon for rigorous research with real-world applications that enhance patient care globally. The dedication of the contributors to expanding pharmaceutical knowledge and refining patient outcomes is truly inspiring.
We hope that this edition achieves the wide recognition it deserves, inspiring further research, collaboration, and innovation that support healthier, more resilient communitie
THE ATTITUDE OF PARENTS REGARDING THEIR CHILD IMMUNIZATION IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Get PDFBackground: Many parents harbor negative views about vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) and hold misunderstandings about the ingredients, side effects, and efficacy of vaccines. The resurgence of diseases preventable by vaccines was believed to be primarily due to insufficient childhood vaccination practices. The study aimed to assess parental attitude towards their children's vaccinations.
Methods: The present study is a multi-centered, cross sectional observational study to evaluate the attitude of the parents regarding their child immunization in Lahore, Pakistan. Quantitative research methodology involving validated questionnaires and research tools were utilized in order to evaluate the attitude of the parents regarding their child immunization. A total of 353 parents belonging to urban and rural areas of Lahore having children of different ages were recruited for the present study.
Results: Out of 353 parents surveyed, majority of the study subject were mothers (56.1%) with age 25-29 years (30%). Majority of the parents (70.3%) were observed to have negative attitude while only 29.7% of the respondents presented positive attitude at baseline. It is observed that the occupation, no of children, residency, living class and health care providers in respondent family shows highly significant statistical association (p<0.001) with patient attitude regarding their child immunization.
Conclusions: The present study concludes that the parents showing negative attitude do not get their children vaccinated. They feel that it is a formality and they find it hectic to take their children to vaccination centers for immunizations. The immunization status was also significantly influenced by sociodemographic factors. In order to achieve positive attitude, efforts should be made to tell them benefits of vaccination and by changing their thinking about side effects of vaccine by educating them about the beneficial effects of vaccines and its safety.
Peer Review History:
Received 8 July 2024; Reviewed 15 September 2024; Accepted 26 October; Available online 15 November 2024
Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, [email protected]
Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, [email protected]
THE CURRENT TRENDS OF PSORIASIS TREATMENT IN DERMATOLOGICAL PRACTICE
Get PDFPsoriasis is associated with many complications. The severity of the disease can range from mild or moderate to severe. Treatment for this condition should be long-term and multifaceted, and may change over time based on the condition severity. Treatment for patients with psoriasis often includes treatment of the underlying pathophysiology. Other treatments for psoriasis include topical medications, phototherapy, and medications (nonspecific/biologic and biologic). Pharmacologic therapy is generally guided by disease severity and impact on patient quality of life, ranging from topical medications to phototherapy and, when necessary, systemic medications. However, challenges remain, including side effects, poor treatment, high costs, and variability in individual responses. Recent biologics have proven effective in psoriasis; on the other hand, there are differences among these drugs such as mechanisms of action, duration of response, and side effects. Biologics are often used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis and can be the treatment of choice, particularly in patients with comorbidities such as psoriatic arthritis or in whom psoriasis treatments such as methotrexate or cyclosporine are contraindicated. Different types of therapy are often used in combination. Combined therapies may improve treatment. Clinical guidelines classify psoriasis as mild or mild to severe, with mild lesions managed locally and moderate to severe lesions managed systemically.
Peer Review History:
Received 8 July 2024; Reviewed 11 September 2024; Accepted 17 October; Available online 15 November 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Ulster University, Ireland, [email protected]
Dr. Nada Farrag, Misr International University, Egypt, [email protected]
MODULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL MEDIATED APOPTOSIS BY SOLVENT FRACTIONS OF THE FRUIT EXTRACTS OF SARCOCEPHALUS LATIFOLIUS (SMITH) BRUCE
Get PDFAim and Objective: However, this claim has not been scientifically substantiated. In this study, we investigated the inductive effect of the crude methanol extract (CMESL) and a chloroform subfraction (sCFSL) of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits on mPT, in vivo.
Methods: Thirty-five male wistar rats (90±10 g) were acclimatized, divided into seven groups, and treated with 1% DMSO (control) and 25, 50, and 100 mg/kgbw of each of the fractions for thirty days. Rats were sacrificed and liver mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation. The MOMP, DNA fragmentation, p53, Bax and BCl-2 protein expressions, Cytochrome C release, and caspase – 3 and -9 activities were assayed in liver tissue by standard methods.
Results: CMESL and sCFSL induced mPT pore. The sCFSL induced MOMP maximally at 100 mg/kgbw, inhibited LPO (78%), enhanced mitochondrial ATPase activity (27.96±0.04 µmole/mg Protein/min) than CMESL (17.58± 0.03 µmole/mg Protein/min) at the same dose. Similarly, sCFSL caused DNA fragmentation; (77.33%), enhanced caspases -3 and -9 activation; increased p53 and Bax expression levels, increased Cytochrome C release, and downregulated BCl-2 protein expression, compared to CMESL.
Conclusion: These findings showed that sCFSL contains bioactive agents that can induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, and therefore a potential target to be explored in the management of tumors and cancer.
Peer Review History:
Received 12 July 2024; Reviewed 19 September 2024; Accepted 24 October; Available online 15 November 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, [email protected]
Dr. Nazim Hussain, North East Frontier Technical University, Arunachal pradesh, India, [email protected]
DEVELOPMENT, SCREENING AND OPTIMIZATION OF ROSUVASTATIN LOADED NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS FOR IMPROVED THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY
Get PDFObjective: The aim of the current study was to be screening of the formulation components, prepare ROS-NLCs by hot homogenization–ultrasonication technique and optimized by Full factorial design then formulations prepared were further characterized.
Methods: The screening experiments were carried out to select the most suitable solid lipids, liquid lipids, and surfactants. Moreover, physical compatibility between the solid lipids and liquid lipids, along with their proportions, was evaluated. Additionally, characterization and optimization of the developed formulations were outlined and identified. Primarily, the solubility of ROS-Ca in various solid lipids and liquid lipids is the key factor for choosing the optimal one.
Results: Stearic acid, Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS), and Compritol®888 ATO exhibited a higher ability to solubilize ROS-Ca, with solid lipid values per 10 mg of ROS-Ca (w/w) recorded as 750±3.56 mg, 1250±4.36 mg, and 1750±5.16 mg, respectively. In the systematic screening of different liquid lipids, Transcutol® HP (98.41 mg/ml), CapryolTM90 (78.64 mg/ml), and Labrafac MC60 (64.36 mg/ml) demonstrated a good affinity for the drug. The (Stearic acid-Transcutol® HP) mixture showed phase separation with oil droplet residue on filter paper, whereas the (GMS-Transcutol® HP) mixture showed no separation and left no oil droplet residue on filter paper. The optimized NLC formulations composed of glyceryl monostearate GMS (solid lipid) and Transcutol® HP (liquid lipid) as lipid phase, poloxamer 188 and Tween 80 (1:1 ratio) as surfactants.
Conclusions: Study concludes the ability of NLCs to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs by enhancing solubilization and dissolution rates in the gastrointestinal tract is well-recognized.
Peer Review History:
Received 11 July 2024; Reviewed 15 September 2024; Accepted 22 October; Available online 15 November 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, [email protected]
Asmaa Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khalifa, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected]
DETECTION OF BIOFILM PRODUCTION FOR ORAL BACTERIAL ISOLATES AND IT’S IMPACT ON DENTAL CARIES OCCURANCE
Get PDFBackground and aims: Microorganisms are known to be involved in the formation of biofilms. These biofilms are often seen in the oral cavity, tooth surfaces, prosthesis surfaces, attached oral mucosa, dental implants, etc. These are capable of causing dental caries or gingivitis, and most of them are also known to possess a higher ability to cause dental caries than non-biofilm-producing bacteria. This study was conducted to detect the biofilm formation in bacterial isolates from the oral cavity of patients attaining dental clinics in the Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University. In addition, the study examined the association between DMFT, decay, missing teeth due to caries, and filled teeth in the permanent teeth and the degree of bacteria ability to produce biofilm.
Materials and Methods: Biofilm production was performed on 294 oral bacteria isolates from 100 patients who visited dental clinics run by Sana'a University's Faculty of Dentistry and private dental clinics. Biofilm-forming oral bacteria were detected by the tissue culture plate (TCA) method. The impact of biofilm production was correlated with the DMFT index of the tested patients.
Results: Out of 294 isolates, biofilm formation was seen in 285 isolates (96.9%) by the TCP method. 21.4% of the iosolates showed a weak ability to produce biofilms, 72.4% showed moderate positivity, and only 3.1% showed strong positivity for biofilm production. Most S. aureus strains showed moderate and strong biofilm production (93.8% and 4.2%, respectively); S. mutans had 86.6% of strains with moderate biofilm production and 1.2% with strong biofilm production, while other streptococci had less biofilm production capacity. The DMFT index for the Yemeni patients included in the study was 5.9±2.4; there was a higher mean±SD (6.2±1.9) of DMFT for weak biofilm-producing bacteria with a difference equal to 3.5, 95% CI=1.4-4.2 (p=0.0001); for moderate biofilm-producing bacteria (6.9±2.5, difference=3.5, 95% CI=1.8-5.2, p=0.0001); and for strong-producing biofilms (mean±SD=6.2±2.9, p=0.03).
Conclusion: In conclusion, a higher DMFT was observed in biofilm producers than in non-biofilm producers. The prime biofilm producers were S. aureus, S. mutans, and E. coli.
Peer Review History:
Received 6 December 2023; Revised 30 January 2024; Accepted 26 February; Available online 15 March 2024
Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, [email protected]
Reviewers:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, [email protected]
Dr. Mohsen Ali Al-Hamzi, Thamar University, Factuality of Dentistry, Yemen. [email protected]