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Politik Hukum Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Retaliasi Perang Dagang China terhadap Amerika Serikat Berdasarkan Prinsip Proteksionisme: Indonesia's Legal Policy in Responding to China's Trade War Retaliation Against the United States Based on the Principle of Protectionism
Get PDFThe trade war between the United States and China, driven by protectionist policies, has significantly disrupted global trade flows. For Indonesia, the conflict impacts exports, imports, and investment, while raising three critical: protecting domestic industries, maintaining neutral trade relations, and adhering to the principles of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Indonesia must formulate a balanced legal and trade strategy that upholds both national interests and international obligations. This study analyzes Indonesia’s legal-political response to China’s trade war retaliation against the United States, emphasizing the application of protectionist principles within the WTO framework. Employing normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study draws on WTO agreements, national trade laws, and relevant case studies. The research findings indicate that Indonesia is able to maintain economic stability and promote peaceful relations with both conflicting countries through trade cooperation, while remaining compliant with the principles of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The "free and active" foreign policy is implemented as a form of “strategic hedging” or “pragmatic engagement” in Indonesia’s international trade policy. This concept serves to mitigate the risks associated with global trade war retaliation. Such a trade policy is in line with Indonesia’s foreign policy as mandated by the Constitution.Perang dagang antara Amerika Serikat dan China, yang dipicu oleh kebijakan proteksionisme telah memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap dinamika perdagangan global. Bagi Indonesia, konflik ini mempengaruhi ekspor, impor, dan investasi asing, serta menimbulkan tiga tantangan utama perdagangan internasional yaitu, harus memberikan perlindungan industri dalam negeri, menjaga hubungan kerjasama perdagang yang netral, dan tetap mematuhi prinsip-prinsip Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia (WTO). Dalam konteks tersebut, Indonesia perlu merumuskan solusi bijak dalam merespon hukum dan strategi dagang yang seimbang antara kepentingan nasional dan komitmen internasional. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis politik hukum Indonesia menghadapi retaliasi perang dagang Amerika Serikat dengan China, dan fokus pada penerapan prinsip proteksionisme dalam kerangka WTO. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, yang didasarkan pada sumber hukum berupa perjanjian WTO, peraturan perdagangan nasional terkait perdagangan global, dan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia dapat menjaga stabilitas ekonomi, dan menjaga perdamaian dengan kedua negara berkonflik melalui kerja sama perdagangan, serta tetap patuh menjalankan prinsip-prinsip WTO. Politik luar negeri “bebas aktif” diterapkan dan berfungsi sebagai “strategic hedging” atau “pragmatic engagement” dalam kebijakan perdagangan internasional Indonesia. Konsep ini dipergunakan untuk memitigasi risiko menghadapi retaliasi perang dagang global. Kebijakan perdagangan ini sejalan dengan politik luar negeri Indonesia amanat konstitusi
Duress Prevention in Juvenile Criminal Proceedings: Comparative Analysis of The United Kingdom and Indonesia
Get PDFThe juvenile justice system is intrinsically related to youth development, as it is responsible for the education and rehabilitation of children who have committed or are suspected of committing a crime. Juvenile crimes must go through criminal proceedings before being tried in court. However, discussions on preventing duress during these proceedings in Indonesia remain limited. This research aims to analyze efforts to prevent duress during juvenile criminal proceedings in Indonesia, highlighting potential gaps and comparing them to the United Kingdom's juvenile justice system. Utilizing the normative research method with the support of the comparative approach, this study examines existing Indonesian laws and their implementation while juxtaposing them with the UK’s juvenile justice framework. The analysis reveals significant opportunities for duress to occur within Indonesia’s juvenile justice system, contrasting with the UK’s system, which has a more structured set of legal norms. Based on these findings, this research proposes a model for legal development, focusing on closing procedural gaps that allow duress to occur during juvenile criminal proceedings in Indonesia
Mengkriminalisasi Greenwashing: Menjawab Tantangan Perlindungan Konsumen di Era Keberlanjutan: Criminalizing Greenwashing: Addressing Consumer Protection Challenges in the Era of Sustainability
Get PDFGreenwashing is a phenomenon where companies claim their products or policies are environmentally friendly when, in reality, they are not. This phenomenon has grown alongside increasing public awareness of the importance of environmental sustainability. Greenwashing not only harms consumers who are misled by these false claims but also poses a threat to the environment by obscuring corporate responsibility toward sustainability. In the context of criminal law, greenwashing can be categorized as a serious form of environmental fraud; however, many countries still lack clear regulations to address it. As sustainability becomes a central focus across various sectors, the need for stricter regulation and legal enforcement against unethical practices like greenwashing is crucial. This research uses a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that Indonesia's criminal law is insufficient in addressing greenwashing, which harms both consumers and the environment. Comprehensive legal reform is necessary. Indonesia currently lacks specific regulations that criminalize greenwashing, making it essential to revise laws such as the Criminal Code, the Consumer Protection Law, or Environmental Law. These reforms should include clear definitions, transparent evidence standards, and strict sanctions, including criminal penalties for companies found guilty. Several countries, such as France, Germany, Canada, and Australia, have taken proactive steps by tightening regulations and law enforcement. Indonesia can learn from these countries to develop a more responsive legal system. Adopting international standards and harmonizing regulations across countries is also important to address global challenges that allow multinational companies to evade responsibility....Greenwashing adalah fenomena di mana perusahaan mengklaim bahwa produk atau kebijakan mereka ramah lingkungan, padahal kenyataannya tidak demikian. Fenomena ini berkembang seiring dengan meningkatnya kesadaran publik akan pentingnya keberlanjutan lingkungan. Greenwashing tidak hanya merugikan konsumen yang tertipu oleh klaim palsu tersebut, tetapi juga mengancam lingkungan dengan mengaburkan tanggung jawab perusahaan terhadap keberlanjutan. Dalam konteks hukum pidana, greenwashing dapat dikategorikan sebagai bentuk penipuan lingkungan yang serius. Namun, banyak negara masih belum memiliki regulasi yang jelas untuk mengatasinya. Seiring dengan semakin sentralnya isu keberlanjutan di berbagai sektor, kebutuhan akan regulasi yang lebih ketat dan penegakan hukum terhadap praktik tidak etis seperti greenwashing menjadi sangat penting. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa hukum pidana di Indonesia masih belum memadai dalam menangani greenwashing, yang berdampak buruk bagi konsumen maupun lingkungan. Diperlukan reformasi hukum yang komprehensif. Saat ini, Indonesia belum memiliki regulasi spesifik yang mengkriminalisasi greenwashing, sehingga revisi terhadap peraturan seperti Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, atau Undang-Undang Lingkungan Hidup menjadi hal yang mendesak. Reformasi ini harus mencakup definisi yang jelas, standar pembuktian yang transparan, serta sanksi yang tegas, termasuk hukuman pidana bagi perusahaan yang terbukti bersalah. Beberapa negara, seperti Prancis, Jerman, Kanada, dan Australia, telah mengambil langkah proaktif dengan memperketat regulasi dan penegakan hukum. Indonesia dapat belajar dari negara-negara tersebut untuk mengembangkan sistem hukum yang lebih responsif. Selain itu, adopsi standar internasional dan harmonisasi regulasi antarnegara juga penting untuk menghadapi tantangan global yang memungkinkan perusahaan multinasional menghindari tanggung jawab...
Investigation of Water Resources-Related Legal Violations Following Constitutional Court Decision Number 85/PUU-XI/2013
Get PDFThis study was conducted to analyze legal violations related to water resources after the Constitutional Court's decision to annul Law No. 7 of 2004 concerning Water Resources. The decision caused confusion regarding the legal position of Civil Servant Investigators for Water Resources (PPNS SDA) in enforcing the law related to air resource management. The purpose of this study is to explore the legal status of PPNS SDA after regulatory changes and to assess the challenges faced in investigating legal violations in the air resource sector. The research method used in the analysis is qualitative, which includes literature studies from various legal sources, scientific articles, and interviews with relevant stakeholders in water resource management and protection. The results of the study indicate that despite the existence of laws and regulations, PPNS SDA are still legally recognized and have certain authorities in examining and investigating alleged violations of the law related to water resources. This study also identified several cases of investigations carried out by PPNS SDA, as well as coordination with other law enforcement officers. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that PPNS SDA still have legal standing in conducting investigations related to water resources despite regulatory changes. The investigation procedures followed by PPNS SDA are in accordance with the established methodology, but still require ongoing collaboration with other agencies, such as the police and prosecutors
OPTIMASI PROSES PEMBUATAN TEPUNG KACANG SACHA INCHI (Plukenetia volubilis L.) MENGGUNAKAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD
Get PDFThis research aims to obtain the optimal process in the production of inchi sacha bean flour using Design-Expert 13 Response Surface Method based on chemical and physical properties. The benefit of this research is to provide information on the use of inchi sacha beans as functional food flour. The research consisted of two stages, namely preliminary research and main research. The preliminary research was to analyze the fat in sacha inchi beans, while the main research conducted was to determine the process optimization of sacha inchi bean flour using the Design Expert 13 program using the Response Surface Method by analyzing each process recommended by the program. The analysis conducted is testing water content, analyzing fat content and solubility. The research results based on the prediction of Design Expert 13 obtained as many as 13 recommended runs. There was one optimal run process with a desirability value of 0.949 with a drying temperature of 80°C and a drying time of 5.325 hours. Based on the selected process, laboratory verification was carried out and obtained moisture content of 0.77%, fat content of 48.70% and solubility of 87.31%.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan proses optimal pada pembuatan tepung kacang sacha inchi menggunakan Design-Expert 13 metode Respon Surface Method berdasarkan sifat kimia dan fisik. Manfaat dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk untuk memberikan informasi tentang pemanfaatan kacang sacha inchi sebagai tepung pangan fungsional. Penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri dari dua tahap yaitu penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Penelitian pendahuluan yaitu menganalisis lemak pada kacang sacha inchi, sedangkan penelitian utama yang dilakukan yaitu menentukan optimasi proses dari tepung kacang sacha inchi menggunakan program Design Expert 13 metode Respon Surface Method dengan menganalisis setiap proses yang direkomendasikan oleh program. Analisis yang dilakukan yaitu pengujian kadar air, analisis kadar lemak dan solubility. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan prediksi. Design Expert 13 diperoleh sebanyak 13 run yang direkomendasikan. Didapat satu run proses optimal dengan nilai desirability 0,949 dengan suhu pengeringan sebesar 80°C dan waktu pengeringan sebesar 5,325 jam. Berdasarkan proses terpilih dilakukan verifikasi di laboratorium dan didapatkan kadar air sebesar 0,77%, kadar lemak sebesar 48,70% dan solubility sebesar 87,31
ANALISIS GOVERNANCE NETWORKING DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENANGANAN STUNTING DI KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA
Get PDFStunting adalah kondisi tinggi badan seseorang lebih pendek dibanding tinggi badan orang lain pada umunya (yang seusia). Menurut World Organization Health stunting adalah suatu kondisi gagal tumbuh kembang pada anak akibat infeksi berulang dan kurangnya gizi pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan dalam hidup seorang anak yang didasarkan pada Panjang badan dibanding umur atau tinggi badan dibanding umur. Saat ini, Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan prevalensi stunting yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan negara-negara berpendapatan menengah lainnya. Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan angka penderita stunting tertinggi. Berdasarkan hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia tahun 2021 angka stunting di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur mencapai 37,8% atau 1 dari 3 anak balita di Nusa Tenggara Timur mengalami stunting. Sementara itu, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara menjadi salah satu kabupaten penyumbang anak stunting tertinggi kedua setelah Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan di wilayah provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini, yang menjadi instrumen adalah peneliti dimana peneliti tidak hanya melakukan wawancara, akan tetapi peneliti juga melakukan interaksi di lapangan berupa pengamatan terhadap proses penanganan stunting. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemerintah Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara memberikan perhatian yang besar dalam Upaya penanganan stunting melalui pembentukan Tim Percepatan Penanganan Stunting dengan melibatkan unsur pemerintah, swasta dan akademisi. Jaringan ini memiliki tugas dan fungsi yang berbeda-beda, berkolaborasi serta bertukar informasi. Dalam pelaksanaanya, TPPS mampu bekerja efektif dan berhasil menekan angka stunting di Kabupaten timor Tengah Utara dalam kurun waktu 4 (empat) tahun terkahir
THE GREY AREA OF EDUCATION POLICY IN EAST JAVA: AN ANALYSIS FROM PUBLIC PERCEPTION
Get PDFPemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur menangani beragam permasalahan di bidang pendidikan melalui Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur Nomor 33 Tahun 2019 tentang Biaya Penunjang Operasional Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan pada Sekolah Menengah Atas/Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Negeri Dan Swasta di Provinsi Jawa Timur yang bertujuan untuk membebaskan siswa SMA/SMK dari SPP. Kebijakan ini juga dipopulerkan sebagai Program Pendidikan Gratis Berkualitas (TisTas). Pada periode awal diterapkan yaitu tahun 2019, kebijakan ini mendapatkan respon yang positif dari masyarakat. Namun hingga tahun 2024, kebijakan ini menuai banyak permasalahan yaitu praktik pungli. Bahkan di Kota Surabaya, yang merupakan ibu kota dan pusat pemerintahan Provinsi Jawa Timur, serta daerah penerima dana BPOPP paling tinggi dibanding kota/kabupaten lain di Jawa Timur juga masih ditemukan praktik pungli yang dilakukan oleh pihak sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis 'the grey area' pada kebijakan kebijakan Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur Nomor 33 Tahun 2019 dengan mengkaji lebih dalam persepsi publik terhadap implementasi kebijakan tersebut.. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan melibatkan 15 informan yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Peraturan Gubernur Jawa Timur Nomor 33 Tahun 2019 menciptakan beragam persepsi publik dan berada dalam area abu-abu atau the grey area, dimana tidak sepenuhnya berhasil namun juga tidak sepenuhnya gagal. The grey area pada 2 dimensi yaitu policy as process dan policy as program dikategorikan sebagai conflicted success. Sementara itu, dimensi policy as politics dikategorikan sebagai precarious success
Governance Planning in Tourism Management in Yogyakarta City
Get PDFThis study aims to determine Governance in Tourism Planning towards World Tourism in Bappeda of Yogyakarta City. This study uses a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Where the type of data consists of primary data obtained through interviews, observations and direct documentation in the field, while secondary data is obtained from data that has been collected by researchers through documents related to the study. The analysis techniques in this study are data reduction (Data Reduction), data presentation (Data Display), and conclusion drawing (Conclusion Drawing).The results of the study indicate that the Governance process in Tourism Planning towards World Tourism in Bappeda of Yogyakarta City has been running since Pangandaran began to separate from Ciamis. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Collaborative Governance process in Tourism Planning in Yogyakarta City has been organized and also invites the community to contribute to the development of tourism in Yogyakarta City
PROSES TIM SOCIAL MEDIA DALAM PUBLIKASI KONTEN SOCIAL MEDIA INSTAGRAM PRODUCTION HOUSE AMADEUS SINEMAGNA
Get PDFThis study aims to identify the roles and workflow of the social media team in publishing Instagram content at the production house Amadeus Sinemagna, as well as to uncover the challenges encountered during the process. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through participatory observation, interviews, and literature review. The findings indicate that the publication process consists of three main stages: pre-production, production, and post-production. These stages involve content planning, visual production, caption writing, and scheduled distribution. The challenges identified include repeated revisions, inefficient team coordination, technical issues, and delays in content approval. These findings highlight the importance of a well-structured workflow and cross-functional collaboration in optimizing digital content production
OPTIMALISASI PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DEEP LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOLABORATIF SISWA PAUD
Get PDFThis study seeks to explore and enhance the integration of technology in deep learning to support the development of collaborative skills among Early Childhood Education (ECED) students. In the digital era, technology integration is an important aspect of learning that encourages active engagement, critical thinking and collaboration from an early age. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach using a case study design, which includes observation, detailed interviews, and documentation at two early childhood education institutions that have integrated technology into their learning processes. The results show that the use of interactive technologies such as smart boards, educational apps, and project-based digital media can create a collaborative and participatory learning environment. There was noticeable improvement in children's teamwork, including their ability to share ideas and complete activities collaboratively. However, barriers such as insufficient resources and lack of teacher readiness still persist. Therefore, teacher training and the provision of adequate infrastructure are key in optimizing the application of technology. This study concludes that technology, if used appropriately within the framework of deep learning, has great potential to effectively foster early childhood collaborative skill