Universitas Setia Budi Surakarta: USB e-journal
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IMPULSIVE BUYING PADA FANS K-POP DI TWITTER
Get PDFOne of the phenomena that has arisen due to the impact of globalization is the emergence of the Korean Wave which has been familiarly felt since the early 2000s in Indonesia, until now creating a new culture in which a lot of merchandise is traded as a form of identity for K-Pop group. In this study, we explore the relationship between celebrity worship, self-regulation and impulsive buying on merchandise purchases by K-Pop fans which has become a culture for fans community for the past decade. Sample of this research is K-Pop band ‘Day6’ fansclub community from Solo, MyDaySolo with total of 67 respondents. The sampling method used is purposive sampling with a few criterias needed. This research is conducted with quantitative approach using multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that there is a relationship between celebrity worship, self-regulation, and impulsive buying shown by the result of multiple regression analysis which is F = 60,982 (p<0,05).
Keywords: Impulsive buying, celebrity worship, self-regulation, K-Pop fansSalah satu fenomena yang muncul akibat dampak globalisasi adalah munculnya Korean Wave yang sudah akrab dirasakan sejak awal tahun 2000-an di Indonesia, hingga kini menciptakan budaya baru yang banyak memperdagangkan barang dagangan sebagai bentuk identitas untuk grup K-Pop. Dalam penelitian ini, kami mengeksplorasi hubungan antara pemujaan selebriti, regulasi diri dan pembelian impulsif pada pembelian merchandise oleh penggemar K-Pop yang telah menjadi budaya bagi komunitas penggemar selama satu dekade terakhir. Sampel penelitian ini adalah komunitas fansclub band K-Pop ‘Day6’ asal Solo, MyDaySolo dengan total 67 responden. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan beberapa kriteria yang dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pemujaan selebriti, regulasi diri, dan pembelian impulsif yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil analisis regresi berganda yaitu F = 60,982 (p<0,05).
Kata kunci: impulsive buying, celebrity worship, regulasi diri, penggemar K-Po
EMPATI DAN PERAN BYSTANDER DALAM CYBERBULLYING: FAMILY COMMUNICATION PATTERN SEBAGAI MEDIATOR
Get PDFSince social media have become deeply enmeshed in adolescents’ everyday lives particularly during the stay at home condition of Pandemic Covid-19, research concern about the effects of bystander in cyberbullying is growing. The purpose of this study was to determine the mediator roles of parent communication pattern in the effect of empathy on cyberbystander among adolescents social media users. A total 447 adolescents aged 12-21 years were involved and completed cyberbullying bystander scale (CBS) by Sarmiento et al., (2019), The Basic Empathy Scale (BES) by Jolliffe & Farrington (2006), and The Revised Family Communication Pattern (RFCP) by Koerner & Fitzpatrick (2002). The results revealed the parent communnication pattern partially mediated the effect of empathy towards cyberbystander behaviour (B = 0,0241, LLCI = 0,0096, ULCI = 0,0403). It emphasizes empathy has a strong direct effect on cyberbystander behavior. Our findings uderline the importance of the family functioning to strengthening the adolescents empathy to avoid them of being cyberbystander.Sejak media sosial menjadi begitu berpengaruh dalam kehidupan sehari-hari remaja terutama selama kondisi tinggal di rumah dalam Pandemi Covid-19, kekhawatiran para peneliti tentang efek pengamat (cyberbystander) dalam cyberbullying tumbuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran mediator parent communication pattern dalam pengaruh empati terhadap peran sebagau cyberbystander di kalangan remaja pengguna media sosial. Sebanyak 447 remaja berusia 12-21 tahun terlibat dan menyelesaikan Cyberbullying Bystander Scale (CBS) oleh Sarmiento et al., (2019), The Basic Empathy Scale (BES) oleh Jolliffe & Farrington (2006), dan The Revised Family Communication Pattern (RFCP) oleh Koerner & Fitzpatrick (2002). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parent communication pattern secara parsial memediasi pengaruh empati terhadap perilaku cyberbystander (B = 0,0241, LLCI = 0,0096, ULCI = 0,0403). Dapatan ini menekankan bahwa empati memiliki efek langsung yang kuat pada perilaku cyberbystander. Temuan ini juga menggarisbawahi pentingnya fungsi keluarga untuk memperkuat empati remaja agar menghindarkan mereka untuk menjadi cyberbystander
Analisis Ekonomi Usaha Peternakan Ayam Pedaging Pola Kemitraan Inti-Plasma di Kabupaten Lamongan
Get PDFLamongan Regency is the district with the highest broiler population in East Java in 2017-2018. The business opportunity in the field of broiler breeding is a business that is considered promising, maintenance cycles that only take about 35 days make farmers do not have to wait a long time to enjoy the results, especially since they have developed livestock with a core-plasma pattern. With a mutualism relationship where many breeders have limited capital, while partner companies also need a place to raise broilers that are not only focused on one area, a pattern of core-plasma partnerships has developed between the company and breeders. This study analyzes the economic side of animal husbandry business with a core-plasma partnership pattern with PT. CA, Lamongan Unit as a case study. Breeder-01 with a concrete cage and other wood and bamboo materials, has an investment of Rp. 450,000,000 (capacity of 14,000 broilers) is estimated to be 30 years old, based on net income in the last cycle of Rp. 25,160,000 and the 3% interest rate yields an NPV of Rp. 2,826,618,448, ROR value of 28.54%, Payback Period of 2.28 years. Whereas Breeder-02 with a wooden cage and other materials made of bamboo, has an investment of Rp. 250,000,000 (12,000 capacity) estimated to be 15 years old, based on net income in the last cycle of Rp. 21,830,000 and an interest rate of 3% resulting in an NPV of Rp. 1,497,984,299, ROR value of 33.47%, Payback Period 1.14 years. The results of the sensitivity analysis can also be concluded that investment in broiler breeding business in nucleus-plasma partnership pattern is feasible.Kabupaten Lamongan merupakan kabupaten dengan populasi ayam pedaging tertinggi di Jawa Timur pada Tahun 2017-2018. Peluang usaha di bidang peternakan ayam pedaging merupakan usaha yang dianggap menjanjikan, siklus pemeliharaan yang hanya memakan waktu sekitar 35 hari membuat peternak tidak perlu menunggu waktu yang lama untuk menikmati hasil, apalagi telah berkembang peternakan dengan pola inti-plasma. Dengan hubungan mutualisme dimana banyak peternak yang memiliki keterbatasan modal, sementara perusahaan mitra juga membutuhkan tempat pemelihaaran ayam pedaging yang tidak hanya berfokus pada satu wilayah maka berkembanglah pola kemitraan inti-plasma antara perusahaan dengan peternak. Penelitian ini menganalisis sisi ekonomi usaha peternakan dengan pola kemitraan inti-plasma dengan PT. CA Unit Lamongan sebagai studi kasus. Peternak-01 dengan rangka kandang dari beton dan bahan lain kayu dan bambu, memiliki nilai investasi sebesar Rp. 450.000.000 (kapasitas 14.000 ekor) diestimasikan berumur 30 tahun, dengan berpatokan pada pendapatan bersih pada siklus terakhir sebesar Rp. 25.160.000,- dan tingkat suku bunga 3% menghasilkan nilai NPV sebesar Rp. 2.826.618.448, nilai ROR 28,54%, Payback Period 2,28 tahun. Sedangkan Peternak-02 dengan rangka kandang dari kayu dan bahan lain dari bambu, memiliki nilai investasi sebesar Rp. 250.000.000 (kapasitas 12.000 ekor) diestimasikan berumur 15 tahun, dengan berpatokan pada pendapatan bersih pada siklus terakhir sebesar Rp. 21.830.000,- dan tingkat suku bunga 3% menghasilkan nilai NPV sebesar Rp. 1.497.984.299, nilai ROR 33,47%, Payback Period 1,14 tahun. Hasil analisis sensitivitas juga dapat disimpulkan investasi usaha peternakan pola kemitraan inti-plasma layak dilakukan
Efek Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Kejahatan Siber di Indonesia
Get PDFCrime occurs not only by intention, but also because there is an opportunity. The Covid-19 pandemic impact on all aspects of human life. All activity that usually done outside. because of the pandemic, should be done inside of house. The increasing use of internet by public, coupled with the lack of awareness to computer security making this chance exploited by the cybercriminals. As the result, the cyber attack is increasing not only in Indonesia, but also all over the world. As of April 2020, there has been a compulsive increase of 88,414,296 attacks, with the dominance of Trojan attacks as much as 56%, Information gathering by 43% and Web Attack by 1%. Therefore, the understanding and awareness are required from all internet users to close the gap security, so that the public can work safely, calmly, and comfortably from home.Kejahatan terjadi bukan hanya karena ada niat pelakunya, tetapi juga karena ada kesempatan. Pandemi Covid-19 membuat seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia terimbas. Aktivitas yang biasa dilakukan diluar rumah, karena pandemi harus berubah dilakukan didalam rumah. Meningkatnya pemakaian internet oleh masyarakat, ditambah dengan kurangnya kepedulian akan keamanan komputer menjadikan peluang ini dimanfaatkan oleh para penjahat siber. Akibatnya, terjadi kenaikan serangan siber bukan hanya di Indonesia, tapi juga diseluruh dunia. Sampai dengan April 2020, telah terjadi kenaikan komulatif sebanyak 88.414.296 serangan, dengan dominasi serangan berupa Trojan sebanyak 56%, Information gathering sebanyak 43% dan Web Attack sebanyak 1%. Untuk itu, perlu pemahaman dan kewaspadaan dari seluruh pengguna internet agar menutup celah keamanan, sehingga masyarakat bisa bekerja dengan aman, tenang dan nyaman dari rumah masing-masing
Pengembangan Molecular Imprinted Polymer Untuk Pemisahan Vitamin C dalam Sediaan Multivitamin
Get PDFVitamin C has chromophore group that can be analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, however if the complex matrix to be analyzed like multivitamins, a selective separation method is required to eliminate matrix interferences. One of the selective separation methods is Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP) which which hasn’t been widely used in multivitamin samples. The purpose of this study was to obtain selective MIP for separation of vitamin C in multivitamins..
Research methods included interaction observation of vitamin C with functional monomers using UV spectrophotometry, MIP was synthesized using bulk method for 24 hours at 60 °C. MIP was characterized using spectrophotometry, infrared and scanning electron microscopy MIP selectivity were determined by determination of imprinting factor and its recovery with the liquid-liquid extraction method (LLE) and SPE C18 for separation of vitamin C in multivitamin samples on the market using a validated method.
Hypsochromic shift showed interaction between vitamin C and functional monomers, which hydrogen bonds were taking role in MIP synthesis. Imprinting factor more than 1 and recovery value close to 100% indicated MIP selectivity to vitamin C. MIP-1 had the highest selectivity compared to the ECC and SPE C18 methods for separation of vitamin C in multivitamin samples with recovery of 98.17 ± 2.31%, 69.42 ± 3.01%, and 93.26±4.24% respectively. Synthesized MIP-1 was selective for the separation of vitamin C in multivitamins. Vitamin C memiliki gugus kromofor dan dapat dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometri UV, namun apabila matriks yang akan dianalisis berupa multivitamin yang kompleks diperlukan metode pemisahan yang selektif untuk mengurangi interferensi dari matriks. Salah satu metode pemisahan yang selektif dalam pemisahan adalah Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP) yang belum banyak digunakan dalam sampel multivitamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh MIP yang selektif untuk pemisahan vitamin C dalam sediaan multivitamin.
Metode penelitian meliputi pengamatan interaksi vitamin C dengan monomer fungsional menggunakan spektrofotomeri UV. MIP disintesis dengan menggunakan metode ruah selama 24 jam pada suhu 60 °C. MIP dikarakterisasi menggunakan menggunakan spektrofotometri inframerah dan scanning electron microscopy. Selektivitas MIP ditentukan dengan pengujian faktor imprinting dan perbandingan perolehan kembalinya terhadap metode ekstraksi cair-cair (ECC) dan SPE C18 untuk pemisahan vitamin C dalam sampel multivitamin di pasaran menggunakan metode yang telah tervalidasi.
Pergeseran hipsokromik menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara vitamin C dengan monomer fungsional di mana ikatan hidrogen berperan dominan dalam sintesis MIP. Faktor imprinting yang lebih dari 1 dan nilai perolehan kembali yang mendekati 100% menunjukkan selektivitas MIP terhadap vitamin C. MIP-1 memiliki selektivitas paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode ECC dan SPE C18 untuk pemisahan vitamin C dalam sampel multivitamin dengan persen perolehan kembali berturut-turut sebesar 98,17±2,31%, 69,42±3,01%, dan 93,26±4,24%. MIP-1 yang dihasilkan selektif untuk pemisahan vitamin C dalam sediaan multivitamin.
 
The Utilization of Lamtoro leaves (Leucaena leucocephala L.) Extract as an Alternative Nitrogen Source on The Formation of Nata de Soya Cellulose from Tofu Whey Waste
Get PDFNata is not only made from coconut water; it is also possible to produce it from other raw materials. In our study, nata de soya has successfully made using tofu whey as raw material. Research focused is on the utilization of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala L.) leaves as an alternative source of nitrogen in addition to the use of ammonium sulphate and urea which have generally been used in nata production. The selected research method was experimental. First, the Lamtoro leaves were mashed and then inserted into the medium and cooked until it boils. The medium was incubated at room temperature for 12-14 days and the thickness of the cellulose was then measured. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the using of lamtoro leaf extract (Leucaena leucocephala L.) as an alternative source of nitrogen for nata de soya cellulose formation. The optimization of pH and nitrogen contentration have been obyained. Three types of formula have been arranged, i.e. 1⁄2 of the control nitrogen concentration, equivalent, and 2 times of the control nitrogen concentration, to provide the variation concentration. Results found that the optimum pH was 3 and the optimum nitrogen concentration was ½ of the control nitrogen level. Nata de soya has then prepared using optimum condition of pH and nitrogen concentration. The maximum average of nata de soya thickness was 7.6 mm. In addition to leveraging the ability of medicinal plants and reducing the use of chemicals in the food processing, the use of alternate sources of nitrogen may also be adopted in the wider cellulose nata application.Nata is not only made from coconut water; it is also possible to produce it from other raw materials. In our study, nata de soya has successfully made using tofu whey as raw material. Research focused is on the utilization of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala L.) leaves as an alternative source of nitrogen in addition to the use of ammonium sulphate and urea which have generally been used in nata production. The selected research method was experimental. First, the Lamtoro leaves were mashed and then inserted into the medium and cooked until it boils. The medium was incubated at room temperature for 12-14 days and the thickness of the cellulose was then measured. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the using of lamtoro leaf extract (Leucaena leucocephala L.) as an alternative source of nitrogen for nata de soya cellulose formation. The optimization of pH and nitrogen contentration have been obyained. Three types of formula have been arranged, i.e. 1⁄2 of the control nitrogen concentration, equivalent, and 2 times of the control nitrogen concentration, to provide the variation concentration. Results found that the optimum pH was 3 and the optimum nitrogen concentration was ½ of the control nitrogen level. Nata de soya has then prepared using optimum condition of pH and nitrogen concentration. The maximum average of nata de soya thickness was 7.6 mm. In addition to leveraging the ability of medicinal plants and reducing the use of chemicals in the food processing, the use of alternate sources of nitrogen may also be adopted in the wider cellulose nata application
STUDI DESKRIPTIF TERHADAP PENURUNAN EFIKASI GURU SELAMA PEMBERLAKUAN PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE
Get PDFCoronavirus disease (2019) or what we usually call COVID-19 has had a significant impact on all sectors, including the education sector. The transition from traditional or face-to-face teaching to an online teaching system. Has given a lot of homework for teachers, they have to work hard to be able to adapt quickly to the changes. In addition, this online learning process places a heavy burden on teachers. This makes teachers stressed and affects teacher performance. This study aims to describe the problems faced by teachers seen from the teacher's self-efficacy during teaching using the online method. 40 teachers participated in this study, where they were asked to fill out a teacher self-efficacy scale (TSE) to measure their self-efficacy. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the self-efficacy of senior teachers when teaching using the online metho
Subacute Toxicity Test of (Scaevola taccada Gaertn.) Roxb Leaf Extract on Kidney and Liver Function in Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFBeruwas laut leaf (Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer. Although beruwas laut leaf have many advantages, safety is the main requirement that herbal medicine must have. This research was aimed to prove sebacute of beruwas laut leaf (Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.) about the function of kidney and liver. This research used 20 rats were devided into 4 groups. Group 1 as a control group and groups 2,3, and 4 as an experimental group by administration of beruwas laut leaf extract with dose 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB, and 600 mg/kgBB. The extract was made using maceration and sebacute toxicity testing was carried out for 14 days. After giving the extract, some of rats had diarrhea. The results showed significant effect to increase levels of ureum and CGT after administration of dose 400mg/kgBB. Moreover, administration of dose 600 mg/kgBB caused significant effect in liver biomarkers and kidney (GGT and ureum). It was concluded that ethanol extract of beruwas laut leaf (Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.) with dose 200mg/kgBB showed safe but toxic to kidney and liver with dose 600mg/kgBB.Beruwas laut leaf (Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer. Although beruwas laut leaf have many advantages, safety is the main requirement that herbal medicine must have. This research was aimed to prove sebacute of beruwas laut leaf (Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.) about the function of kidney and liver. This research used 20 rats were devided into 4 groups. Group 1 as a control group and groups 2,3, and 4 as an experimental group by administration of beruwas laut leaf extract with dose 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB, and 600 mg/kgBB. The extract was made using maceration and sebacute toxicity testing was carried out for 14 days. After giving the extract, some of rats had diarrhea. The results showed significant effect to increase levels of ureum and CGT after administration of dose 400mg/kgBB. Moreover, administration of dose 600 mg/kgBB caused significant effect in liver biomarkers and kidney (GGT and ureum). It was concluded that ethanol extract of beruwas laut leaf (Scaevola taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb.) with dose 200mg/kgBB showed safe but toxic to kidney and liver with dose 600mg/kgBB
Perancangan Mobile Application Alat Pantau Kualitas Air Kolam Berbasis Internet of Things
Get PDFChanges in temperature, pH, and turbidity in concrete fish ponds greatly impact to the fish survival. Initial observations showed that among 3.067 fish seeds, 1.633 fish (53%) died and only 1.434 fish (47%) was successfully harvested. The application of water quality monitoring devices from concrete pools designed based on the Internet of Things technology has been tested. The monitoring equipment will not function optimally without an application that functions to receive monitoring data and then take action. Pool water quality monitoring equipment connected to the cloud using a GSM network connection. The recorded data is then displayed on the water quality monitoring application that designed using the Android operating system. Application design is developed using a User-Centered Design approach, where the design process was carried out by considering several variables: ease for use, clarity of information delivery, the fulfillment of needs, and appearance. Based on the results of the design evaluation, weaknesses can be determined, namely, difficulty to find the search menu for click history data, find the refresh button, read the results of searching for historical data, and read data in tables and graphs. Based on this, further improvements can be made to improve the application being made. The monitoring equipment is expected to provide information to pond managers to immediately take action if changing in pH and temperature beyond the limit so that the fish mortality rate can be minimized.Perubahan suhu, pH dan kekeruhan pada kolam ikan beton sangatlah berdampak kepada kelangsungan hidup ikan yang dipelihara. Pengamatan awal menunjukkan dari 3067 ekor bibit ikan nila yang ditebar, 1633 ekor ikan (53%) mengalami kematian dan jumlah panennya hanya 1434 ekor (47%). Penerapan perangkat pemantau kualitas air dari kolam beton yang dirancang berbasis teknologi Internet of Things telah dapat diujicobakan. Peralatan pemantau tersebut tidak akan berfungsi dengan optimal tanpa adanya aplikasi yang berfungsi untuk menerima data pantauan dan selanjutnya melakukan tindakan. Alat pemantau pemantau kualitas air kolam dihubungkan ke cloud menggunakan koneksi jaringan GSM. Data yang terekam selanjutnya ditampilkan pada aplikasi pemantau kualitas air diracang menggunakan operating system Android. Desain aplikasi dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan User Centered Design, dimana proses perancangannya dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan sejumlah variabel, yaitu kemudahan penggunaan (ease for use), kejelasan penyampaian informasi, pemenuhan kebutuhan, dan tampilan. Proses perancangan menggunakan pendekatan Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi rancangan dapat ditentukan kelemahan dari hasil rancangan aplikasi, yaitu sulit menemukan menu pencarian data history klik, menemukan tombol refresh, membaca hasil pencarian data histori, serta kesulitan membaca data dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut selanjutnya dapat dilakukan perbaikan untuk menyempurnakan aplikasi yang dibuat. Keberadaan peralatan pemantau tersebut diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada pengelola kolam untuk segera memberikan tindakan apabila terjadi perubahan pH dan suhu diluar batas, sehingga tingkat kematian ikan dapat diminimalkan
PENGGUNAAN OFF-LABEL DRUG PADA PASIEN GERIATRI DENGAN PENYAKIT DEGENERATIF DI APOTEK WILAYAH SURAKARTA
Get PDFABSTRACT
Off-label drug use in geriatric patients who have degenerative diseases has the potential to cause medication errors or adverse drug reactions but off-label is not always bad and harmful. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of off-label drug use in the categories of indication, dosage, contraindication and age in geriatric patients with degenerative diseases. This study used a descriptive design. Data were collected by retrospectively. Samples were taken with a purposive sampling technique from several Pharmaceutical Installation in the Surakarta that served prescriptions with inclusion criteria for geriatric patients with degenerative diseases, prescriptions were written by specialists, prescriptions were redeemed at pharmacies that had collaborated with specialist doctors, prescriptions that had complete information, prescriptions that entered the pharmacy in April-May 2019 and matched the information on the use of the drug with the medicine leaflet. The evaluation results of the use of off-label drugs in geriatric patients with degenerative diseases in pharmacies in the Surakarta region are the prevalence of the use of off-label drug indicative categories of 7.6%; the prevalence of off-label drug use in the dose category is 33.92%; the prevalence of off-label drug use is contraindicated and age category is 0%.Penggunaan obat secara off-label pada pasien geriatri dengan penyakit degeneratif berpotensi menimbulkan kesalahan dalam pengobatan (medication error) atau menimbulkan reaksi obat yang tidak dikehendaki (adverse drug reaction) tetapi off label tidak selalu buruk dan merugikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran prevalensi penggunaan obat off-label kategori indikasi, dosis, kontraindikasi dan usia pada pasien geriatri dengan dengan penyakit degeneratif.
Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan secara retrospektif Sampel penelitian diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling dari beberapa apotek di Surakarta yang melayani resep dengan kriteria inklusi pasien geriatri dengan penyakit degenerative, resep dituliskan oleh dokter spesialis, resep ditebus di apotek yang telah melakukan kerja sama dengan dokter spesialis, resep yang memiliki informasi yang lengkap, resep yang masuk ke apotek pada bulan April-Mei 2019 dan mencocokkan informasi penggunaan obat tersebut dengan leaflet obatnya.
Hasil penggunaan off-label drug pada pasien geriatri dengan penyakit degeneratif di apotek wilayah Surakarta adalah prevalensi terjadinya penggunaan obat off-label kategori indikasi sebesar 7,6%; prevalensi terjadinya penggunaan obat off-label kategori dosis sebesar 33,92%; prevalensi terjadinya penggunaan obat off-label kategori kontraindikasi dan usia sebesar 0