Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Fakultas Pertanian UNS: Journal Systems
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ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT BASED ON DAILY WATER BALANCE AT RAINFED FARM LAND
Get PDFAgricultural drought related to soil moisture which is characterized by a deficit of soil moisture. The condition leads to the limitedness for crop culture due to soil moisture availability is not enough for plant’s needs. Therefore, this research aims at finding when exactly the agricultural drought occurred using water balance approach. This research employed a descriptive exploratory method which was done by surveying in the field and also supported by laboratory analysis. The component of daily local weather data, included air temperature, air relative humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, and rainfall at two locations, each at Ampel and Teras District, Central Java, Indonesia from October 1st, 2015 to March 31st, 2016. Then laboratory analysis to determine soil water availability at pF 2.54 – 4.2 was conducted using hydraulic properties calculator. The results show that the meteorological drought at both locations ended earlier than the agricultural drought, which was the third decades (20th- 30th) of October 2015. But the agricultural drought ended on decadal (Nov. 2nd and Nov. 5th, 2015) At Ampel and Teras district, respectively. During dry conditions, the rain-fed lands were left fallow until the end of the agricultural drought, which enters rainy season. Start from this point, the lands can be planted with rice
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS IN BADAN USAHA MILIK PETANI (ENTERPRISE OWNED AND MANAGED BY FARMER'S) IN TEMANGGUNG REGENCY: TOWARDS ADOPTION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Get PDFClimate change is viewed as a major obstacle for sustainable agricultural. It affects the quality of seeds, increases the likelihood of pests, interferes with the cultivation and maintenance of crop patterns and livestock. This impact on farming production and farmers’ income. The group-based strategy is one way for empowerment and helping farmers in this adoption process. By participation in farmer groups, the various resources required farmers such as accessing information, knowledge and technology, inputs, credit, promotion, marketing, and networking will increase. All various access as important resources that support farmers to overcome climate change. Farmer groups are also a way in process of advisory services to farmers meant to increase productivity, income, and welfare. Badan Usaha Milik Petani (BUMP) is one of the innovations related to farmer economic institutions. BUMP is enterprise business managed by farmers. Through the FEATI (Farmer's Empowerment Through Agricultural Technology and Information) project, three stubs BUMP were developed in Temanggung Regency in 2012. However, the existence of BUMP in the Temanggung Regency has not been optimally developed. The condition is considered related to the communication network developed by BUMP. This study will investigate the role of communication networks in developing BUMP in Temanggung Regency associated with the existing social structure. By a descriptive qualitative approach, this study aims to identify the BUMP’s structures of communication networks. The location determination purposively, includes two BUMP, i.e. Keung Agro Lestari Co.Ltd (KAL Co.Ltd) and Agro Risen Mastani Co.Ltd (ABM Co.Ltd). The sampling was done by intact system (census) sampling method while data was analyzed by sociometry. The results showed the difference of communication network structure between the two of BUMP. The number of group members and a key actor in the group affects the structure of the communication network, the communication flow, and the solidity of the group and the undertakings related efforts in adapting to climate change
LINGKAGE BETWEEN LANDS AND OCEANS THROUGH WATER AND MATERIAL FLOWS BY RIVERS AND CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS
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The Effect of Seed Dormancy Cracking Technique and Solid Inorganic Fertilizing at Productive Phase to The Quality of Seedless Watermelon at Drylands
Get PDFThe difficulty of seeding and sweetness quality of seedless watermelon is an obstacle for farmers. The objectives of this study were to know the successful of shoots growth with seeding treatment and production quality due to fertilizing package for seedless watermelon with the variety of Riendow F1. The experiment was conducted in dry season at upland areas in Palangkaraya. The experimental design for seeding randomized block design (RBD) 3x3 with treatment consisting of a control (G0), cracking seed by hitting (G1), cracking seed using pincette (G2). The experiment of fertilizing package at productive phase used of fertilizer used RBD 4x3. The treatment consisted of several packages of fertilizer, namely: without fertilization (P0), low fertilizer package (P1), medium fertilizer package (P2), and high fertilizer package (P3). Before the experiment, soil analysis was first conducted to determine land suitability classes. The results showed that the study site area has marginal suitability class with limiting factor involving rooting condition (S3rc). The highest germination was obtained in the cracking treatment compared to control, otherwise, the rate of death seeds for control was lower than cracking treatment although it is not significantly different according to statistics. For the parameter of fruit perimeter, it indicates that treatment of high fertilizing package was significantly different from the control, respectively, 64.25 cm and 53.96 cm. It also includes the weight of fruit, respectively, 4.05 kg and 2.80 kg. For the quality of watermelon, it showed that fertilizing packages at productive phase is significantly different from controls. The sweetness level at the medium fertilizing package (P2) has the highest level of 11.73oBrix, followed by the high fertilizing package (P3), 11.00oBrix, low fertilizing package (P1), 9.92oBrix and the lowest for control, 8.98oBrix. Application of medium fertilizing package at productive phase can then produce the highest quality level of watermelon
DISSIMILAR SPOT WELDED BETWEEN ALUMINUM AND STEEL USING COPPER FILLER
Get PDFThe welding point on the metal weld joints is necessary to facilitate the connection of two different materials and material cost savings. It is widely used in manufacturing, especially the automotive and shipbuilding industries. The purpose of this study to determine the quality of the welding by using the welding machine DN-16-1-type AC-point welder against physical and mechanical characteristics of welded joints between steel SS400 point with aluminum Al6061.Welding parameters used are electricity voltage, long welding, the thickness of aluminum, and the addition of filler. Voltage electricity using 3.20 volts and 2.67 volts at 10 seconds, 7.5 seconds, and 5 seconds. This study used two different materials is aluminum alloy Al6061 thickness 6 mm, 5 mm, 4 mm and 3 mm and low carbon steel SS400 thickness 2,3 mm with a material thickness of 0.2 mm copper filler. Making specimen welding refers to the standard JIS Z 3139 and for testing the structure of the results of the welds using the macro image and a microphotograph using optical microscopy, testing the tensile strength of the connection with the method of tensile testing, testing microstructure and composition of the nugget to test SEM-EDAX, and testing of violence micro Vickers methods.Welding research specimens obtained the best results in the voltage variation of 2.67 volts welding time 10 seconds, the thickness of 5 mm aluminum and 3.20 volt voltage variation 5 seconds long welding, aluminum thickness of 5 mm. In the tensile test with filler obtained the highest results obtained 34.58 MPa, a low of 12.45 MPa. While the tensile strength without filler gained 106.40 Mpa. Structure nugget optical microscopy test results showed the atoms experience in the area intermetallic bonding interface FeAl and Fe3Al by forming a boundary line between the two materials and columnar appears to grow. Vickers hardness test results on the nugget area have a high hardness at 623.33 HVN at a voltage of 3.20 volts, long welding 5 seconds, and the thickness of the aluminum material on 3 mm without filler
FARMERS’ ADAPTATION STRATEGIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND FOOD SECURITY OF HOUSEHOLDS OF ORGANIC RICE FARMERS IN TANGGAMUS REGENCY (ORDINAL LOGIT MODEL APPROACH)
Get PDFThese research aims were to analyze: (1) the farmers‘ adaptation strategies to climate change in farming and in maintaining food security, (2) the degree of food security of farmers’ households in both rainy and dry season, and (3) factors affecting the food security of farmers’ households. This research was carried out in Pekon Tampang Tua, Pematang Sawa Sub-district, Tanggamus Regency. The sample was taken in the census from 60 farmers who were certified to plant organic rice. Data was taken directly by interview survey on each farmer. Food security was measured by its definition according to FAO (1996) and Law of Indonesia. No.7 Year 1996. Factors affecting the food security of households were analyzed by using ordinal logit regression approach. The results showed that only 10 adaptation and anticipation on climate change strategies which has been applied by farmers Meanwhile, only 5 out of 7 strategies were applied by farmers to maintain the food security during climate change. The food security level of organic rice farmer’s households was higher in the rainy season compared to the dry season The analysis result showed that the farmers ‘adaptation strategies to climate change, education level of the patriarch, the price of rice, land area, and seasonal dummy variable in rice plantation affect positively on food security. Whilst, the number of family member, the price solid and liquid organic fertilizer negatively affect the food security level of organic rice farmer’s households
CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND HEALTH: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE PAST CENTURIES
Get PDFThe relationship between overall environment - social and physical - and human health status is not new. As Galvao et al. (2009) said that climate change, urbanization, rural development, agriculture and food security are intertwined determinants of population health and health equity. Since the existence of human civilization both of these have been proven to have a very close relationship and mutual influence. History of the cholera outbreak in mid 19th century discovered in London by John Snow is one proof that environment affects the health of mankind. Likewise, human behavior is also crucial circumstances surrounding environment, both locally and globally.People experiences the genesis interaction between nature and human beings that are not favorable either direct or indirect more often today. Direct incidence of natural disasters eg floods, landslides is a few of the many events that are not desired by anyone. Genesis indirectly eg changes in the nature of disease vectors because of changes in the physical environment that complicate its eradication.This paper will critically discuss the relationship between the environment and human health from the beginning of human civilization until now hoped to remind us all to always pay attention to the environment when people will make innovations to meet their needs
STRATEGY PLANNING FORMULATION FOR AGROINDUSTRY BASED ON CASSAVA TO ANTICIPATE CLIMATE CHANGE (SWOT ANALYSIS AND BALANCE SCORECARD APPROACH)
Get PDFAgroindustry based on cassava development is expected to have a strategic role in reducing problems in food security as well as to play a role in the process of agroindustrialization and development of the region. This study aims to formulate development strategies for agroindustry based on cassava and identify key indicators in the development of agroindustry based on cassava. This study uses the exploratory research and took sites in Central Java, Indonesia. The data used are strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats as well as a key indicator in the development of agroindustry based on cassava includes financial, market, internal process and grow and learning perspective. For data analysis used the SWOT analysis and Balanced Scorecard. This research resulted that development strategies alternatives of agroindustry based on cassava including products development to obtain added value, the market penetration through market education cassava-base products, Increased of productivity and business efficiency and institutional and business networking development. While key indicators of cassava-based agroindustries development are as follows: Financial perspective covering cost structure efficiency and increased sales. In the customer perspective at competitive prices will increase sales and return, while the increase in market share will increase returns. In the internal process, institutional effectiveness will guarantee the price to be competitive and a large market share will guarantee a return. Empowerment, training, and workshops is a power driver on internal processes. Empowerment will encourage institutional effectiveness, product innovation and employing good quality, while workshops and training will ensure good employing and good quality
The Roots and Leaves Character of Drought Tomato on Application of ZnSO4
Get PDFApplication of Zn, beside as an essential nutrient for plants, is known to increase the resistance of plants during drought condition. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of ZnSO4 application on root and leaf character of tomato plants in drought conditions. Research was arranged in factorial randomized completely block design. The treatment consists of ZnSO4 application methods (soil and foliar), ZnS04 dosage (0, 40 and 60 mg Zn kg-1 and cultivars ('Permata’ F1 and 'Tyrana’ F1). Watering intervals of every two and eight days were applied, representing non-stress and drought stress conditions during the growth period of the plant. The results showed that the all response of character roots and leaves of the tomato did not show interaction among the three factors. Root biomass, root length and root surface area of tomato plants depend on the method of application and ZnSO4 dosage. Soil application increased root biomass and root surface area. Root biomass of ‘Permata’ and ‘Tyrana’ showed differences in responses to dosage of ZnSO4. Leaf area responses in both cultivars ‘Permata’ and ‘Tyrana’ showed the same pattern of the ZnSO4 dosage. Response of leaf area ratio at each stage of tomato growth on ZnSO4 application was different