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Staying, Leaving, or Returning? Conflict Resolution Preferences and Migration among Ukrainian Women
No full textLittle is known in the literature about non-economic factors that might shape migrant selectivity. This study examines how preferences for resolving the Russian-Ukrainian conflict relate to the migration patterns and intentions of Ukrainians following the Russian full-scale aggression. Drawing on the concepts of place utility and migration decision-making models, we analyse data from the OneUA survey, which was collected around six months after Russia’s full-scale invasion among almost 25,000 Ukrainian women residing in Ukraine and abroad. Our results, based on a series of logistic regressions, suggest that Ukrainian women favouring a military solution to the conflict are more likely to remain in their pre-war residence in Ukraine rather than being internally displaced (i.e., IDP) or moving abroad (i.e., refugees). Moreover, among women forced to leave the country as refugees, those who favour a military solution exhibit a stronger intention to return. Conversely, among women still in Ukraine, those who favour a military solution less are more likely to consider international migration. Our study advances research on self-selection into migration based on non-economic factors, emphasising the role of political perceptions in displacement and resettlement patterns in conflict-affected regions
Politics and Antipolitics in the Modern State Reflections on the French and American Experiences
No full textPolitics and Antipolitics in the Modern State Reflections on the French and American Experience
Noorte poliitiline osalus Twitteris: kuidas noored ennast säutsudes väljendavad?
No full textYouth political participation on Twitter: how youth express themselves in tweets?
Abstract
Social media allows young people to engage in new, alternative ways that differ from traditional political participation. Social media is considered to be one of the main means of self-expression for young people, which includes political self-expression. Young people prefer more personal ways of political participation compared to traditional participation, such as voting in elections or joining a political party. To increase youth political participation, it is important to understand how young people participate on different social media platforms. In addition, it is essential to find methods to include those who have not yet been involved by previous methods of involvement. This study focused on Twitter, intending to find out what supports and hinders participation on Twitter, what forms of participation young people use, what meaning participation on Twitter has for young people, what motivates them to participate, and what are the effects of participation on Twitter on other forms of participation in the opinion of young people. The author used ethnographic observation on the social media platform Twitter and semi-structured interviews with young Estonian Twitter users as data collection methods and thematic content analysis to analyze the collected data. Results revealed that although young people are interested in political and social issues, with interest primarily expressed through keeping themselves informed, they consider their own activity insufficient. According to young people, active political participation in social media manifests primarily in initiating discussions through original posts. Anonymity and positive feedback from other users were cited as factors supporting participation. Young people prefer social media to get news and see Twitter as a reliable source of information, but they emphasized the criticality of sources and the importance of fact-checking content posted on social media. They considered Twitter an important social media platform that supports participation through sharing information, raising awareness of current issues and participating in discussions through which changes in society can take place
Командировка за океан: Поездка Ильи Эренбурга в США в 1946 г. [Mission over the Ocean: Ilya Ehrenburg in America in 1946]
No full textThe article discusses Ehrenburg’s visit to the US in the spring of 1946 which, despite its importance, has fallen out of the focus of scholars as well as his biographers. Ehrenburg and two of his colleagues (Konstantin Simonov and Мikhail Galaktionov) were sent to the United States by the Soviet leadership to participate in the work of the American Society of Newspaper Editors. During his two-month stay in the US Ehrenburg gave many talks and interviews, travelled to the southern states and wrote for influential American papers. As he enjoyed a high reputation in post-war America, his visit was covered by many newspapers. The article demonstrates how in criticizing the American press, the American way of life, etc., Ehrenburg tried to hide the acute problems in his own country: antisemitism, xenophobia, lack of press freedom. His visit to America reveals his anti-Americanism, which will grow at the end of the 1940s
History Below the Global: On and Beyond the Coloniality of Power in Historical Research
No full textBook review of History Below the Global: On and Beyond the Coloniality of Power in Historical Research by Lorenzo Kamel, 2024, Taylor & Francis
Ukraine War in the Context of World System Analysis and Power Transition Theory
No full textIn this essay, the issue is the impact of the war in Ukraine on the world system in transition. Theoretically, the review is based on the world system analysis and power transition theory. The Russian war in Ukraine seems to strengthen the US position in world politics. This again provides the US the opportunity for its second hegemonic cycle in the early third millennium. However, this increases the risk of wars in the world system
Eesti põhiseadus ja Eesti Panga pädevusega seotud õigusküsimused
No full textIlmar Selge\u27s article discusses legal issues related to the competence of Eesti Pank: what is the competence of Eesti Pank provided for in the Constitution and its meaning in the current Estonian legal order, and how should the provisions of the Constitution concerning Eesti Pank be interpreted within the framework of the provisions of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union?
The institutional, functional independence of Eesti Pank and the personal and financial independence of the members of its decision-making bodies cannot be achieved without legislative powers and the right to issue regulations, i.e. the right to issue general legal acts binding on third parties. If Eesti Pank were to request that the legal acts necessary for the performance of its tasks arising from the European System of Central Banks be issued by the Government of the Republic or the Minister of Finance, representing the executive power, this would not be in accordance with the fundamental European principles of the independence of the central bank of a Member State of the European Union, and Eesti Pank would become dependent on the Government of the Republic or the Minister of Finance in the field of legislation. Therefore, the article takes the position: if the Riigikogu, as the legislator, decides that the right to issue legal acts needs to be delegated to Eesti Pank in an appropriate enabling provision, this is a question of the expediency of the law in order to ensure Eesti Pank\u27s independence in a similar way to the European Central Bank. Since, according to Section 112 of the Constitution, Eesti Pank operates on the basis of law and reports to the parliament or Riigikogu, the decision to delegate legislative powers to Eesti Pank falls within the decision-making competence of the Riigikogu
Inglise keele kasutusest Eesti taskuhäälingutes ja vlogides
No full textArtikkel käsitleb inglise keele kasutamist Eesti taskuhäälingutes ja vlogides. Varasemad uurimused on valdavalt analüüsinud inglise keele kasutamist ühe žanri piires, siinne artikkel keskendub aga kahe erineva suulise kõne žanri kõrvutamisele. Kokku on analüüsitud 8 taskuhäälingut (ligi 9 tundi materjali, saated avaldatud 2023. a) ja 10 vlogi (ligi 13,5 tundi materjali, avaldatud 2018.–2022. a). Kõik saated on transkribeeritud ning tekstides on märgendatud inglise koopiad ja koodivaheldused, seejärel on materjali analüüsitud nii kvantitatiivselt kui ka kvalitatiivselt. Tulemused näitavad, et vlogides on kopeerimine intensiivsem ja ulatuslikum kui taskuhäälingutes: 1000 sõne kohta esineb vastavalt 21 ja 12 koopiat ning 3,2 ja 0,3 koodivaheldust. Koopialiikide osakaal on aga samasugune: domineerivad täielikud koopiad, millele järgnevad valikulised ja seejärel segakoopiad. Kopeerimise põhjused on valdavalt samad: semantiline spetsiifilisus (nt lünga täitmiseks), pragmaatiline olulisus (nt vestluse suunamiseks), ekspressiivsus (nt tugevate emotsioonide väljendamiseks) ja idiomaatilisus
„Minu õpetajaks oli televiisor”: televisioon kui keelekeskkond
No full textEelmise sajandi seitsmekümnendatest peale on väidetud, et telesaadete jälgimine pole võõrkeele omandamiseks piisav (Sherrington 1973). Ometi leidub alates 1990. aastatest endistes idabloki riikides n-ö telekalapsi, kes on koolieelses eas lisaks emakeelele omandanud ka mõne võõrkeele (saksa, soome, inglise) televiisorist välismaiseid multifilme ja lastesaateid vaadates. Keelekontaktide ja mitmekeelsuse käsitlustes seda fenomeni üldiselt ei mainita (Mack et al. 2021: 146). Keskendume järgnevas keeleõppija perspektiivile ja oleme selleks intervjueerinud täiskasvanuid, kes on omandanud lapseeas võõrkeele ekraanimeedia abil olukorras, kus vahetu suhtlus sihtkeeles puudus. Retrospektiivne analüüs aitab nähtust paremini mõista. Lisaks võõrkeele omandamise protsessile huvitab meid ka see, kuidas varajane kokkupuude võõra kultuuriga satelliittelevisiooni abil mõjutas edasist keeleõpet ja mitmekeelsuse arengut. Kvalitatiivne uurimus põhineb neljal poolstruktureeritud intervjuul 1980-ndatel ja 1990-ndatel sündinud nn telekalastega