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Eesti keelt teise keelena omandavate laste keeleoskusest ja selle arengust mitmekeelses klassis
No full textArtikkel annab ülevaate 9-11-aastaste mitmekeelses klassis eesti keelt teise keelena omandavate laste keeleoskusest. Uurimismaterjal põhineb projekti „Professionaalne eestikeelne õpetaja mitmekeelses klassis“ seireandmetel. Analüüs keskendub laste eesti keele oskusele projekti lõpus; nelja lapse puhul vaadeldakse lisaks keeleoskuse arengut ning võrreldakse nende keeleoskuse andmeid projekti alguses ja lõpus. Projekti eesmärk oli parandada eesti keele õppe taset, toetades eestikeelsete lisaõpetajate palkamist ja nende koolitamist. Projektiga liitusid eri taustaga eesti keelt teise keelena omandavad lapsed, kelle eesti keele oskus oli üpris erinev, kuid sellele vaatamata kavandati õpilaste keeleoskustasemeks projekti lõpuks (mis esialgu kavandati aastaks 2027) vähemalt A2.
Seireandmed näitavad, et ehkki projekt lõppes plaanitust varem (2024), jõudis enamik õpilasi kavandatud tasemele, kusjuures nende passiivne keeleoskus oli aktiivsest märksa parem ja kirjalikud tekstid veidi lihtsamad kui suulised. Ka selgub, et projekti jooksul erineva lähtekeeleoskusega õpilaste keeleoskus tasandus, st vähema keeleoskusega õpilaste keel arenes kiiremini
Social Network Characteristics, Disability and Survival among Middle-Aged and Older Adults
No full textSocial support may affect survival for everyone, or it may buffer the effects of chronic strain. This paper explores whether, how, and which social network characteristics are associated with longer overall survival as well as longer survival when experiencing disability-related stress. The data used is from the SHARE Estonia survey for the population aged 50+ (2010–2020), cross-checked with the timing of death from the population register. The effects of six network characteristics were analysed: network size, frequency of contact with family members, number of children in the network, reporting a partner and friends as network members, and overall emotional closeness with the network. Network characteristics, disability, employment, legal marital status, and practical support were constructed as time-varying variables. Men and women were analysed separately using Cox’s hazard models. The analytical sample includes 2,754 people (1,157 men and 1,597 women) without everyday activity limitations at the onset, of whom 14.5% (19.9% of men and 10.5% of women) died during the observation period. The results show that irrespective of whether they experience stress, larger networks protect women from dying earlier. Frequency of contact with family members was the only significant factor buffering the experience of everyday activity limitations, albeit with high uncertainty and only among men
Material Deprivation of Older Persons in Europe: a Multi-level Analysis of the Role of Social Protection Programmes
No full textThe focus of this article is on the role of welfare state arrangements on the material deprivation of older persons: we ask to what extent the social protection programmes mitigate the risk of material deprivation in old age. We use cross-sectional data from Wave 5 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and the Material Deprivation Index to assess the associations between the material deprivation of older persons and a set of macro indicators which characterise the social protection programmes relevant for older persons. The findings show that higher old age and disability pensions, and greater expenditures for healthcare, housing and social exclusion are associated with lower risk of material deprivation of older persons. The study contributes to the still limited literature on the effects of institutional macro drivers, such as social protection expenditures, on the material deprivation of older persons in a cross-national perspective
Book Review: Post-Communist Transformations in Baltic Countries: A Restorations Approach in Comparative Historical Sociology
No full textPost-Communist Transformations in Baltic Countries: A Restorations Approach in Comparative Historical Sociology by Zenonas Norkus, 2023, Springer.
От составителей [Lazar Fleishman at 80: Section Editors’ Note]
No full textThis brief note precedes the anniversary section, which contains 13 articles written by 14 scholars on the occasion of the 80th birthday of Prof. Lazar Fleishman of Stanford University (and Dr. honoris causa of Tallinn University). The section’s contributors are: Alexander Ospovat (Moscow / Los Angeles), Alexander Dolinin (Madison), Roman Timenchik (Jerusalem), Irina Belobrovtseva (Tallinn), Alexander Lavrov (Saint Petersburg), Fedor Poljakov (Vienna), David M. Bethea (Madison), Andrei Ustinov (San Francisco), Vladimir Khazan (Jerusalem), Boris Ravdin (Riga) and Benjamin Musachio (Princeton / Riga), Michael Wachtel (Princeton), Konstantin Azadovskii (Saint Petersburg), and Stefano Garzonio (Pisa / Florence)
«Царскосельские»: Из писем Ю. Л. Сазоновой к Г. П. Струве [“Those Who Lived in Tsarskoe…”: Letters of Yulia Sazonova to Gleb Struve]
No full textThis article is focused on the publication of the letters of the actress, journalist, ballet critic and theater figure Yulia Sazonova-Slonimskaya (1884—1957), who knew personally all the three participants in the famous “triangle” (Anna Akhmatova – Nikolai Nedobrovo – Boris Anrep). These letters contain a number of details enriching this well-known historical and literary plot with new touches. The letters are addressed to Professor Gleb Struve (1898—1985), an outstanding historian and expert on Russian literature, and are related to the publication of his book The Unpublished Gumilyov (New York, 1952). Among various details deserving of attention is the intention expressed by Sazonova in one of her letters (unfortunately, not realized) to write an article or memoir essay about the Tsarskoe Selo meetings of the Nedobrovos with Akhmatova and Gumilev
Haiguse temaatika ja metafoorika Madis Kõivu dramaturgias [Subject matter and metaphors of illness in the dramaturgy of Madis Kõiv]
No full textKäsitlen eesti kirjaniku, füüsiku ja filosoofi Madis Kõivu (1929–2015) näidendeid – koos põigetega tema proosasse ja esseistikasse –, vaadeldes neid ühelt poolt autobiograafilises ja teisalt ühiskondlik-poliitilises, täpsemalt siirdeajastu kontekstis. Keskendun põhiliselt 1990. aastatel teatrilavale jõudnud draamaloomingule ning analüüsin haiguse temaatikat (tiisikus, neurootilised vaevused) ja sellega liituvaid motiive (kehalisus, puue, invaliidsus, trauma, hirm), samuti metafoorseid haigusnähte (iiveldus jms). Tekstide lähilugemisele lisaks olen toetunud käsitlustele, mis vaatlevad haigustele omistatud kultuurilisi tähendusi (sh stereotüüpe) ja haigustega seotud metafoorikat, samuti uurimustele haiguse kujutamisest ja tähendusest eesti kirjanike elu- ja loomeloos. Näitan, kuidas Madis Kõiv on haiguse temaatika ja metafoorika kaudu isikupärasel moel avardanud ja süvendanud meie rahvusliku mineviku ja (traumaatilise) ühismälu mõtestamist-tõlgendamist algupärases dramaturgias ja teatrilaval.
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The aim of this article is to analyse the dramaturgy of Estonian writer, physicist and philosopher Madis Kõiv (1929–2015), including selected texts of his prose and essays. My approach derives from the autobiographical as well as socio-political point of view, set in the context of the Estonian transition period. Studying Kõiv’s plays that were brought on stage mainly in the 1990s, the article explores the subject matter of illness (tuberculosis, neurosis) and associated motifs (corporeality, disability, trauma, fright) as well as metaphorical symptoms of illness (nausea etc) in his works. This research is based on the method of close-reading and studies of cultural semantics, including stereotypes and metaphors of illness (Sontag), as well as studies of autobiographical aspects in the depiction of illness/disability (Couser, Annuk).
Focusing on Kõiv’s play “Tagasitulek isa juurde” (“Return to the Father”) and his short story “Juhtum” (“An Incident”), corresponding and comparative examples are presented from his other works. Kõiv’s individually masterful and aesthetically fresh approach, namely the use of motifs and metaphors of illness, has amplified the interpretation, and extended the connotations of Estonian national history and collective memory in drama and theatre. Following Couser, an autopathographical point of view – emphasizing the significance of autobiographical narratives of illness in the wider context of social and collective memory – has proved to be relevant in the study of Kõiv’s plays. On the one hand, the metaphor of illness per se is emphasized in the context of the cataclysms of Estonian national history. On the other hand, Kõiv offers ways of healing through absurdity and even dark humour
«Сердечный привет Вам и Алексею Михайловичу из Палестины» (Материалы к теме «Алексей Ремизов в культурном пространстве Палестины / Израиля») [“Cordial Greetings to You and Alexei Mikhailovich from Palestine”: Alexei Remizov’s Presence in Palestine / Israel]
No full textThis article analyzes the connections and contacts of Alexei Mikhailovich Remizov and his wife Serafima Pavlovna Remizova-Dovgello with Rachel Grigor’evna Ginzberg (1885–1957), daughter of major Jewish philosopher Ahad Ha’am (né Usher Isayevich (Asher Hirsch) Ginzberg) and wife of Russian writer M. A. Osorgin, who was exiled with her husband aboard the famous ‘Philosophers’ ship’. This work serves as a sequel to the book As a Seal upon Thy Heart (2022), which examines Rachel Ginsberg’s life and fate on the basis of her extensive epistolary dialogues with prominent members of the Russian emigré community of the interwar period: Vera Bunina, Mark Vishniak, and Ekaterina Kuskova. The present publication focuses on Ginsberg-Osorgina’s letters to the Remizovs found in the latters’ archive. Some of these were written in Paris, while others were mailed from Palestine, to where Rachel Grigor’evna had moved in 1935, and where she lived until the end of her days. The article aims to expand our view of Remizov’s milieu, his circle of close acquaintances and friends, while also adding a new name to the list of members of the Obezvelvolpal (The Great Free Order of the Apes). The letters clearly indicate that not only was Mikhail Osorgin a member of the society, but Rachel Ginsberg, his wife at the time (until 1926), was also a member. This publication is part of the broader subject “Alexei Remizov in the cultural space of Palestine / Israel.
Материалы к изучению биографии и творчества Михаила Горлина из архива Institut d’études slaves (Париж): Часть вторая (№ 6) [Materials Pertaining to the Life and Works of Mikhail Gorlin from the Archive of the Institut d’études slaves (Paris). Part 2 (No 6)]
No full textThe publication features some of the heretofore unknown materials on the history of Russian literature in exile from the archive of the Institut d’études slaves (Paris). These documents are related to Mikhail Gorlin (1909—1942), a poet, scholar, and employee of the Institute who worked there until the repressions following the occupation of France in 1940, which eventually led to his murder at Auschwitz in 1942. The article presents some documents and testimonies shedding light on Mikhail Gorlin’s last years in Berlin (early 1930s), in particular commenting upon the biography of Vladimir Postman, a lesser-known participant of Gorlin’s literary association. The published documents are accompanied by literary-historical annotations
Book Review: Recognising the survival of marginal lives nearby Bengal borderlands
No full textLand, Life, Emotional Landscapes at the Margins of Bangladesh by Eva Rozalia Holze, 2022, Amsterdam University Press.