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Book Review: Business Associations as a Defensive Response to Post-Communist Predatory States
No full textBuilding Business in Post-Communist Russia, Eastern Europe, and Eurasia: Collective Goods, Selective Incentives, and Predatory States, by Dinissa Duvanova, 2013, New York: Cambridge University Press
Saateks [Foreword]
No full textKuues Eesti sõjaajaloo aastaraamat jätkab saja aasta taguste teemade käsitlust. Eelmise aastaraamatu keskmes oli I maailmasõda Ida-Euroopas ning idaeurooplaste teistsugused kogemused ja mälestused võrreldes sellega, kuidas kogesid ja kuidas mäletavad seda sõda lääneeurooplased. Nüüd liigume mõne aasta võrra edasi ja käsitleme aega, kui Compiègne’i metsas sõlmitud vaherahu oli vaigistanud relvad nii lääne- kui ka Itaalia rindel, kuid Ida-Euroopas Soomest Kreekani jätkusid võitlused juba uute lippude all.
Paramilitaarne vägivald kui poliitilise radikaliseerumise toitepinnas? [Paramilitary violence as fodder for political radicalisation?]
No full textI maailmasõja järel Baltikumis võidelnud Saksa vabakorpuste näideThe example of the German Freikorpswhich fought in the Baltic region after WWI
The article discusses the history of the Freikorps (“Free Corps”) formed in Germany after WWI, in a comparative analysis of two Freikorps which were recruited in Germany and fought in the Baltic region, and two Freikorps which only fought in Germany. The article compares the members of those Freikorps – the Baden assault battalion Kurland and the Von Medem Freikorps which fought in the Baltic region and the Würzburg Freikorps and the Haas battalion which operated only in Germany – on the basis of their generational affiliation as well as their subsequent involvement in national socialist organisations. It is concluded that the claims that the Freikorps members who fought in the Baltic region mostly belonged to the “war youth” generation who did not fight in WWI and whose fighting in the Baltic region caused their radicalisation manifested by their higher than average membership in the NSDAP, SS and SA, cannot be corroborated on the basis of the analysed units
Everyday Nation-Building In The Post-Soviet Space. Methodological Reflections
No full textThis article presents a methodological approach to the study of nation-building in everyday life in the post-Soviet region. Although bottom-up and informal mechanisms of creating identity have been acknowledged in the literature and methodology of nationalism studies, they have seldom been applied to studies in the post-Soviet countries. This article discusses the strengths and limitations of such an approach, using the example of two studies – on consumption and national identity in Ukraine and on music and nation-building in Estonia
Finale: Contextualising Participation in a Transition Society
No full textThis special issue of Studies of Transition States and Societies closes with a concluding discussion that aims to contextualise some of the key findings from the preceding articles. To do so, we use comparative level evidence drawn from other regions included in the MYPLACE consortium, identifyng contrasts and commonalities in how youth politics is practiced across different European regions. The basic approach is one of assessing the extent to which patterns of participation in Estonia diverge from activism elsewhere, thus locating Estonian youth within a broader analytical framework
The Principle of Procedural Economy in the Estonian Civil Procedure
No full textIn recent years, more and more attention has been paid in the European Union to making procedure simpler, faster and more efficient.
In his report at the XIII plenary meeting of judges on 14 February 2014 in Tartu, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Priit Pikamäe aptly pointed out that “One ghost wanders around the post-modern legal culture space – the ghost of efficiency. As the progressiveness of different court procedures is more and more assessed by their efficiency, i.e. effectiveness, the court system of the post-modern age as a whole must first and foremost be efficient. This means that in terms of the public resource allocated for it, the court system must be able to provide an even greater number of resolved court cases using as little procedural time as possible. As a rule, court administration strategy documents do not focus on the ways to achieve a just decision, but on increasing the efficiency of the court system during hearings. Obviously, this poses a separate interesting and intriguing public law question of why out of all the state authority branches efficient operation is expected first and foremost from the judicial authority, while in case of enforcement and legislative authorities this category is not emphasised to at least a similar extent.”
Мускус и камфора. «Отъ меня вечоръ Леила…» А. С. Пушкина: Cтруктура текста и поэтическая традиция [Musk and Camphor. Pushkin´s Poem “Ot menia vechor Leila...”: The Structure of the Text and Poetic Tradition]
No full textThe article analyzes the structure of one of Alexander Pushkin’s last poems—“Ot menia vechor Leila…” (1835—36): from the level of phonetics to the levels of grammar and lexis. After completing the formal analysis, Fyodor Dvinyatin moves on to the poem’s semantics: he singles out the opposition musk vs. camphor, and focuses on the description of its function in Pushkin’s poem and in poetic tradition
Patarei vangla [Patarei Prison]
No full textThe article discusses the history of the Tallinn central prison, also known as Patarei Prison through 1920–1944. The sea fort built at the beginning of the 19th century – the Kalaranna Fort – was converted into a prison in 1920, as all the former Tallinn prisons had been either destroyed or repurposed.
In the 1920s and1930s, the prison was used for detaining criminals as well as people convicted of acts against the Republic of Estonia, both communists and members of the radical right-wing Union of Participants in the Estonian War of Independence in the second half of the 1930s. The majority of the political prisoners were granted amnesty, but the performance programme of the people’s revolution staged aft erthe occupation of Estonia in 1940 still included the liberation of political prisoners.
In 1940–1941, the Patarei Prison was used for detaining enemies of the Soviet power, who were mainly state, local government and public figures, military officers and policemen of the Republic of Estonia. Most of them were taken into the Gulag prison camps or executed in 1941. Through 1941–1944, the Patarei Prison was used for detaining persons arrested by the German occupation forces, both participants in communist activities 1940–1941 and members of the national opposition, as well as Jews brought from other countries. The prison was emptied upon the German departure from Tallinn in September 1944; some prisoners were released, but most were taken to the Stutthof concentration camp near Danzig.
After Estonia was occupied by the Red Army in autumn 1944, the prison was again filled with political prisoners of the occupying Soviet power
Fontannikud enamlaste võitlussalga lõhestajaina [The Fontanka men as the drivers of a split among the Bolshevik fighting groups]
No full textThe article discusses conflicts among Estonian communists at the beginning of the 1920s. The roots of those conflicts dated back to events preceding WWI. The split damaged the relationships between the leaders of the movement, exacerbated the underground fight against the Republic, and therefore, the implementation of the world revolution event planned by the Bolsheviks, and in the end nearly led to the demise of all those involved mainly in the course of Stalin’s cleansings in 1937. The main emphasis is on conspirative life and the actual underground fight against the Republic of Estonia. The approach is primarily based on preserved correspondence between the underground communists in Estonia and the communists in Petrograd
Models and Strategies of Conflict Interaction Between Business and Authorities in Transition Societies: The Case of Russia
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to explore the ties between business and power in Russia and to analyse the features of what can be considered a conflictual relationship. Using the approaches of D. North, J. Wallis, B. Weingast, and J. Nye as a starting point, this article provides an overview of new business development in Russia and suggests that power is an important factor in the relationship between businesses and authorities in a transitional society. Drawing on both a theoretical and empirical analysis, it will be shown that ties between businesses and authorities have come to generate social distrust and negative attitudes towards both institutions in today’s Russia.