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Beyond Staatswissenschaft The Conception of the State and Rights
No full textBeyond Staatswissenschaft The Conception of the State and Right
Intersectional Patterns in Higher Education STEMM: The Role of Gender, Ethnicity and Parental Transmission
No full textThis study examines how gender and ethno-national origin intersect in shaping the likelihood of studying science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine (STEMM) in higher education in Germany. Building on research showing gender and ethnic differences in the selection of STEMM-qualified immigrants who entered Germany in the 1980s, we explore whether similar patterns emerge among their offspring. We further analyse whether the effect of parental STEMM occupation varies by gender and ethno-national origin. Using nationally representative data, we find that students of Turkish or Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) descent – both men and women – are more likely to enrol in STEMM fields than their German-origin peers. Men of former Soviet Union (FSU) origin also show higher enrolment, contributing to a larger gender gap in that group compared to German-origin students. Significant differences are also found for Central and Eastern European (CEE) students. Additional analyses reveal that these results mostly reflect enrolment in male-dominated STEMM fields – even among ethnic minority women. Parental STEMM occupation is positively associated with enrolment in STEMM fields, particularly for men, but this association does not vary by ethno-national origin
Small States in Great Powers’ Geopolitics: Armenia’s Role in the US Policy on the South Caucasus
No full textThe paper examines the geopolitical importance of small states for great powers. The study focuses on the role and significance of Armenia – a small, landlocked state – through the evolution of American regional policy in the South Caucasus region.
Recognising the limited capability of small states, the paper argues that the geostrategic location enhances the small state’s importance to great powers, thereby strengthening the position of the small state in the international system. The article concludes that despite geographical isolation, economic weakness, and scarcity of human and natural resources, Armenia is an important country for US national interests. The US interest in Armenia is due to its important geopolitical location at the crossroads of rival geopolitical interests, a number of US strategic priorities in the South Caucasus, Eurasia, and the Middle East as well as Armenia’s proximity to energy resources in the Caspian region and other strategically important countries in the region. Another significant factor of the US interest in Armenia is the Armenian-American diaspora community, which projects a certain influence on US domestic policy and US policy in the South Caucasus
Обезьяньи письмена и загадочные «чиганашки»: Об одном анекдоте из биографии А. М. Ремизова [Monkey Scriptures and Mysterious _Chiganashki_: An Episode from Alexey Remizov’s Life Story]
No full textThe article focuses on an unusual episode in Alexei Remizov’s life, when shortly after the Revolution his apartment was searched, and visitors mistook a text written in Glagolitic script for a secret code. This story survived in three versions: Maksim Gorky’s account and two versions by Remizov himself. The comparison of these three versions helps to reveal the genesis of a literary anecdote—the genre that played a particularly important role in Remizov’s biography
East Central Europe Between the Colonial and the Postcolonial in the Twentieth Century
No full textBook review of East Central Europe Between the Colonial and the Postcolonial in the Twentieth Century, ed. by Siegfried Huigen, Dorota Kołodziejczyk, 2023, Palgrave Macmillan
Polish Military Thought in the Interwar Period of the 20th Century and the Role of Marshal Józef Piłsudski
No full textPolish military thought of the interwar period was derived from the country’s position in the international arena, its geostrategic location, the position and role of Józef Piłsudski, as well as economic and social factors determining specific development opportunities of the armed forces of independent Poland
Do All Mothers Benefit Equally? The Effect of Childcare, Parental Leave Policies and Gender Norms on the Motherhood Wage Penalty by Occupational Group
No full textScholars are increasingly aware of cross-national variations in the motherhood wage penalty, and there is solid evidence of its linkages with policies and the enabling or hindering of gender equality. Evidence of the differentiated effects of policies and norms across institutional contexts, however, is scarce. There are, at the same time, strong arguments that the remedies that are appropriate for lower and higher labour market status women may not only differ, but sometimes even conflict with each other. This paper centres on the effect of childcare policies and gender norms on the motherhood wage penalty moderated by occupational groups. We rely on multilevel modelling and EU-SILC data and explore a pan-European view incorporating 25 European countries. We confirm that long parental leave has the ability to increase the motherhood wage penalty, while the availability of childcare and attitudes that favour maternal employment can reduce it. We demonstrate that these policy effects are not uniform across occupational positions in Europe. While traditional gender norms and generous parental leave tend to universally penalise mothers in terms of their earnings, the availability of childcare benefits more women in high-skilled occupations
The Dance of East and West: A Brief History of an Unstable but Enduring Conceptual Partnership
No full textThe distinction between East and West is among the most prominent and influential cross-cultural tropes in both academic scholarship and public discourse. However, in most cases, this attention tends to focus narrowly on certain instances or iterations of this binary. In particular, Edward Said’s influential analysis of ‘Orientalism’ has led to a relative fixation on the dynamic between Western Europe and the ‘near’ and ‘far’ East in the 19th century. However, the East-West polarity has been a defining feature of at least the last 2,500 years of human history. It is, moreover, a complex and contested binary, whose boundaries and contours have constantly shift ed. This paper therefore highlights these complexities through a ‘psycho-historical’ approach, namely, exploring the psychological nature and dynamics of this distinction through a historical lens. Th us, we explore variations on the East-West theme throughout six key historical eras: pre-history; the Classical Age; the rise of Christianity; the medieval world; the Enlightenment; and the Cold War. It is hoped that our analysis not only offers a useful introduction to the evolution of the East-West distinction but also encourages scholars to adopt a more subtle and nuanced approach to its dynamics
Noorsootöötajate vaatepunkt: kuidas toetada noorte osalust?
No full textYouth workers\u27 views: how to support youth participation?
Abstract
The article aims to understand how and why youth workers act as supporters of youth participation. The article is based on the analysis of focus group interviews with 15 Estonian experts in the youth field. Numerous previous studies have emphasized the multifaceted construction of participation and the possibility of coexistence of traditional and new forms of participation - and the values and challenges of youth work in supporting and making sense of youth participation. This study shows how Estonian youth workers understand youth participation, their role in supporting the participation, and the challenges youth workers see in the general process of youth participation. Youth workers consider the support of the participation of young people as an essential part of their work. They see themselves as encouragers, motivators, information givers and awareness raisers, mentors, and allies in making the voice of young people heard more clearly in society. Youth participation is primarily concidered as the right and opportunity to shape and influence decisions that concern young people´s lives. Supporting youth participation is perceived as a long-term process that should be based on the needs and interests of young people. As an obstacle, the informants pointed out that the social readiness or agreement to listen to young people, understand and consider the opinion of young people is insufficient and ‘fake engagement’ reduces the enthusiasm of young people