Tallinn University Publications
Not a member yet
873 research outputs found
Sort by
Лексика как классифицирующий признак современной поэзии [Vocabulary as a Classifying Feature оf Russian Postmodern Poetry]
No full textThe article discusses the possibility of classifying poetic books on the basis of their vocabulary. The distance between 190 poem collections is calculated as the Euclidean distance between books’ vocabularies, for each element of which the value of TF-IDF (term frequency – inverse document frequency) is calculated (each book has 190 measurements with this method of calculation). Using t-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding), these measurements are reduced to two, and the K-means clustering method is applied to the resulting structure. With such a classification method, poets are grouped on the basis of their originality / similarity, which in turn helps to overcome more traditional classifications based on poets’ generations or literary schools
Introduction
No full textIntroduction to the No 9 (2019) issue of Estonian yearbook of Military History
The Study of Ancient and Medieval Military History: Benefits for professional military education
No full textThere is broad agreement that the study of military history is an essential component of professional education for military officers. Although many successful modern commanders, including Napoleon and MacArthur, advocated extending their reading back to ancient times, Clausewitz wrote: “The further back one goes, the less useful mil- itary history becomes.” This essay argues, to the contrary, that officers have much to gain by including pre-modern warfare in their studies. A larger and more diverse data-set of examples and case studies allows for more reliable generalization, gives more opportunities for inspiration, and helps guard against the tempting but unwise assumptions that the next war will be similar to the last one, and the equally tempting and equally unwise presumption that material strength alone will ensure vic- tory. Moreover, historians of ancient and medieval warfare, like officers exercising their core professional responsibility in combat, must grapple with scanty and conflicting evidence. Pre-modern history, like war, is a realm of uncertainty; many of the “facts” can only be known as proba- bilities. The best preparation for seeing through the fog of war, therefore, may be the exercise of peering through the mists of time
Redistribution of Income through Social Benefits over the Life Course in the Baltic States
No full textVertical redistribution refers to the transfer of income from those who have more than they need to those who are in need and is related to the levelling of income inequality and poverty. Vertical redistribution over the life course is indicative of the capacity of the welfare state to protect against social risks over the life course. Studies that explore such redistribution often rely on the life-course perspective and use secondary cross-sectional rather than primary data.
The goal of the current study is to analyse the impact of social benefits on income inequality and poverty over the life course in the Baltic States. The paper focuses on the three Baltic countries commonly characterised by successful economic performance, low income redistribution and high income inequality. With this aim, analyses of micro-level data of EU-SILC of 2015 was conducted. To evaluate inequality changes across the life course, the study used a decomposition of the Gini index. Evaluation of poverty of different cohorts rested on the gap of the poverty rate between different groups and the average poverty rate in the country. The findings of our study suggest that the impact of social benefits on the reduction of income inequality is modest. Highest poverty rates are linked with the periods of childhood, working age when unemployed and old age. Overall, the context laden with high inequality and poverty cannot ensure adequate protection against social risks over the life course and create a “buffer” for the development of human capital
Cheque-Mates? Abkhazia’s Quest for International Recognition
No full textAbkhazia’s contested status is a source of geopolitical conflict between states and alliances. But how has the campaign to expand this unrecognised state’s network of diplomatic contacts been conducted? Using a wealth of contemporary archival material made available by Wikileaks, combined with interviews with key players in the process, this article investigates efforts to secure recognition for Abkhazia in the post-Soviet space, Latin America and amongst the South Pacific microstates. Different regions presented particular challenges and produced variable outcomes, some of which are counter-intuitive. Despite Russia’s pre-eminence in the former USSR and its impressive arsenal of inducements and threats, the Kremlin failed to secure a single recognition for Abkhazia, though not from want of asking. Distant Latin America, where internecine Caucasian conflicts mattered little but alliances with Russian and antipathy towards the US were strong, produced the early recognitions and some near misses. As veterans of the China-Taiwan dispute, the microstates of the South Pacific region included many veterans of earlier diplomatic tugs-of-war. With sovereignty for sale, recognitions had a price and could potentially be reversed if these miniature states were presented with a better offer. A final recognition provided by Syria was in large part payback for Russia saving Bashir Al-Assad’s regime from oblivion. With some recognitions dependent on personalities or regimes rather than enduring inter-state solidarity and others influenced by pecuniary considerations, all are vulnerable
Regulative Structure of Locally Distributed Benefit Schemes and Inter-municipal Inequality: The Case of Estonia
No full textStudies of locally distributed social policy schemes, their central-local regulations and outcomes have mostly focused on single benefit schemes. However, the landscape of local social policy and access to social rights is more complex. Variety of local social policy schemes with various regulative structures can exist side-by-side within a welfare state, and often both central and local governmental levels have regulative powers for these. We assume that this complex web of central-local regulations of local social policy and changes thereof has consequences. In this study, we scrutinise regulative structures and spending patterns of all locally distributed benefit schemes in a given country (Estonia) and analyse their impact on inter-municipal inequality. We find that central steering of local schemes is not per se a guarantee for lower/stable inter-municipal inequality. The results also emphasise the complexity of central-local regulations within a country and point to unintended consequences of reforms. In the case of Estonia, we identify processes of silent centralisation in locally distributed benefit schemes
Указатель содержания журнала „Slavica Revalensia”: 2014–2018
No full textУказатель содержания журнала „Slavica Revalensia”: 2014–201
How to Regulate the Future of Technology: Challenges and Principles
No full textThe intention of this paper is to reflect on the future of regulation in order to face the great challenges that new technologies are poposing, especially for regulators. The current regulatory system is forced to make enormous efforts to keep up with technological changes. For this reason, we want to think about whether the current model of slow and deliberate regulation is fully valid, or on the contrary whether we should aim for a more agile form of regulation to reach a balance between allowing innovation and the development of technology, while never forgetting the defence of the rights of the consumers or users of these technologies. The European Union has proposed developing a harmonized legal framework that provides legal security to all citizens of the union as a fundamental piece of this “new regulation” and in turn allowing European companies to compete internationally, and not just in the European context.
«Я бережлив… от непривычки к деньгам»: Финансовый аспект командировки и. А. Гончарова на фрегате «Паллада» [“Ia Berezhliv Ot Neprivychki K Den’gam”: The Financial Aspect Of Ivan Goncharov’s Expedition On The Frigate “Pallada”]
No full textThis article tells the story of Ivan Goncharov’s participation in a failed voyage around the world led by vice admiral Yevfimiy Putyatin, with an emphasis on the question of how the future author of The Frigate “Pallada” (1858) profited from his position of Yevfimiy Putyatin’s secretary. Based on a whole set of previously unpublished documents found in the Russian State Navy Archive, the article shows that Goncharov’s assignment was a very lucrative one: not only did he receive a doubled remuneration and generous daily allowances while on board the “Pallada”, but also managed to charge the Russian state for his untimely return from the Eastern coast of Eurasia to Russia proper. All of those documents are published for the first time
Traditsioonist ja modernismist eesti sonetis [Modernism and Tradition in the Estonian Sonnet]
No full textArtikkel vaatleb modernismi ja traditsiooni kohtumist eestikeelses sonetis. Sonetti nimetatakse kirjandusteaduses sageli traditsiooniliseks vormiks, ometi on see lääne kirjanduses luulemurrangute ajal esile kerkinud olulise poeetilise ruumina, milles neid uuendusi läbi viiakse: asi on selles, et traditsiooni enda sees tulevad modernistlikud nihked kontrastselt esile, olgu tegu uutlaadi subjekti ja maailmapildi või värsi-, riimi- või keeleuuendusega. Eesti sonetti jõudis modernism 1905. aastal, kuid mingit eesti soneti traditsiooni ei olnud selleks ajaks veel välja kujunenud. Nii seisid siinsed modernistid silmitsi kahetise ülesandega: luues ühte traditsiooni, uuendasid nad eesti luulekeelt laiemalt. Modernismi ja traditsiooni duaalne loomus ilmneb ka Underi sonettides, mis korraga tekitasid katkestuse petrarkistlikusse traditsiooni ja panid aluse eesti lembesonettide traditsioonile. Noored luulekultuurid, nagu eesti oma, olid eelmisel sajandil huvitavas positsioonis: näeme, kuidas eesti sonett ning laiemalt terve siinne luule ei tegelenud 20. sajandil mitte üksnes modernistlike ja kaasaegsete küsimuste, teemade ja žanridega, vaid ka vanade luulekultuuride sajanditepikkuste traditsioonide tutvustamise ja arendamisega. Artiklis järeldatakse, et traditsiooni ja modernismi ei saa käsitleda kui midagi etteantut, vaid kui pidevalt ajas muutuva piiriga ja vastastikku defineeritavaid nähtusi, mistõttu nõuavad need historistlikumat lähenemist. See tuleb eriti esile eesti soneti puhul, kus arhaism ja novaatorlus on käinud käsikäes.
----------------
The sonnet, like other forms of poetry that follow prescribed formal patterns, is also referred to as a classic or traditional poetic form. Nevertheless, during the periods of great changes in the poetic discourse, this traditional form has gained significant importance. It emerged during the modernist and vanguard era both in the age-old European poetic cultures and also in newer literary cultures like that in Estonia. There are two main reasons for this. The first lies in the strict rules of the sonnet, as every rule offers the possibility to bend it or even break it entirely. The other reason is in its vast popularity – from its birth in the 13th century, the Sicily sonnet has become the most often used prescribed poetic form in Western literature, and has given rise to many new poetic traditions and subgenres. The modernist schools of poetry have adopted this centuries-old and powerful symbol of traditional poetry to showcase within it their fresh ideas, subjectivity and renewed poetic devices. Thusly the tradition has been altered or even deconstructed within the tradition itself. The situation was, however, completely different in Estonian literature. The first Estonian-language sonnets were published in 1881 and by the time the first modernist sonnets emerged in Estonia in 1905 the Estonian sonnet tradition had yet to form. Therefore, Estonian modernist poets had a twofold task: both to create a sonnet tradition and then to break from it. The intention of this article is to expound the relationship between modernism and tradition in the Estonian sonnet with the aim of exploring the relativity of the very concepts of the tradition and modernism, and their dependence on the perspective