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Tartu Ülikooli üliõpilaste keeleteadlikkus nende keelekeskkonna ja teiste keeltega kokkupuudete näitel
No full textTartu Ülikooli kursuse „Sissejuhatus keeleteadusesse” üliõpilased kirjutavad eksamitööna oma keeleteadusliku eluloo ehk keele-eluloo (vt lähemalt nt Tragel, Komissarov 2022). Selle lähteülesanne on siduda oma keelekogemused loengutel ja teaduslikest allikatest saadud teadmistega. Muude ülesannete hulgas peab üliõpilane kirjeldama, millises keelekeskkonnas on ta keelt või keeli omandanud, ning oma esimesi kokkupuuteid teiste keeltega.
Aastatel 2021–2024 kirjutatud keele-elulugudes kirjeldas allikate põhjal oma keele omandamise kogemust 870 üliõpilast, kellest umbes 16% kirjeldas oma keelekeskkonda mitmekeelsena. Enda esimes(t)e keel(t)ena on nimetatud peamiselt eesti ja vene keelt, kuid ka mujal Euroopas (nt saksa, soome, norra) ja kaugemal kõneldavaid keeli (nt jaapani).
Teise keelega kokkupuudete kirjeldustest selgus, et kõige rohkem meenub üliõpilastele keeleõpe mõnes haridusasutuses. Kirjeldatakse ka oma kokkupuuteid võõrkeelsete filmide ja sarjadega ning mõnd teist keelt rääkivate sugulastega
Mis toetab ja takistab noorte uussisserändajate poliitilist osalust?
No full textWhat supports and hinders the political participation of young new immigrants?
Abstract
The article focuses on young new migrants’ - both secondary school and university students - political participation. The paper analyses the meanings informants give to their experiences with integrating and participating in Estonian society, focussing on digital opportunities using evidence from the qualitative interviews . Estonia is a country that has been described as the ‘first digital nation’ with extensive and easy access to e-services but also characterized by limited levels of civic engagement, with discrepancies in participation rates between different groups.
New migrants are a rapidly growing group in Estonia. The informants originated or lived during childhood in Europe, the Middle East, North America or Asia. They had been in Estonia for one to five years and had open plans. The article analyzes the formation of attitudes towards the Estonian state and society as well as everyday forms of participation, such as conversations on political topics, digital participation and participation in demonstrations. The access to various e-services and transparency of the state increase trust and encourage participation, on the other hand, state regulations or hostile attitudes towards immigrants create uncertainty and mistrust. The conditions for participating are highly dependent on cultural integration into the host society and social networks in Estonia, which could be better enhanced in digital environments
Искусство _vs_ искусства: К орфической топике позднего Блока (музыка/ритм) [Art vs the Arts: Orphic Ideas in the Late Alexander Blok (Music/Rhythm)]
No full textThis article explores the concept of rhythm in Alexander Blok’s later works. While in the 1900s, Blok, who was a supporter of the utilitarian idea of literature, understood rhythm as the primary tool for lyric poetry’s impact on the world (using Karl Bücher’s theories on the genesis and role of rhythm), during the Revolution, he declared rhythm to be the phenomenon underlying art as a whole. Moreover, following Richard Wagner’s “Art and Revolution” he completely rejected the idea of differentiating the arts and took a decidedly negative view of the specification of aesthetic value as such, that is, the very foundations of the cultural system of modernity. How is the concept of rhythm in Blok’s thinking connected to his rejection of the division of labor in the aesthetic sphere? What is the reason for his complete disregard for aesthetic modernity? These are just a few questions this article will address
Рец. на кн.: Киселева Л. Карамзинисты и архаисты: Статьи разных лет. Tartu: [Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus], 2023 [Review of _Karamzinisty i arkhaisty: Stat’i raznykh let_, by Ljubov Kisseljova]
No full textThis is a review of the second collection of articles by Ljubov Kisseljova of Tartu University, in which she addresses some lesser-studied writers of the first third of the 19th century (Alexander Shakhovskoi, Vasily Zhukovsky, etc.), and the question of how men of letters of the period contributed to the creation of the Russian state ideology
The Challenges of Our Defence: Military Knowledge and Officers’ Writings in Interwar Czechoslovakia
No full textA central focus of this study is the process of knowledge creation and circulation of military texts in interwar Czechoslovakia and the role of professional officers in it. Their writings were circulated through books, professional journals and the daily press, but their ability to publish was managed by the military administration. At first, these publications provided a platform for the articulation of the role of the Czechoslovak military in an often antimilitary-minded society. Later, they functioned especially as instruments of military preparedness propaganda. This article aims to demonstrate both the societal context and the control over officers’ writings, not only in discussing military thought but also in bolstering society’s resolve, thereby contributing to the military culture of fledgling Czechoslovakia in the interwar period
Implications of General Johan Laidoner’s Active Defence Doctrine in the Estonian Defence Modernisation Plan of 1938
No full textGeneral Johan Laidoner’s activities as commander-in-chief during Estonia’s interwar period are often associated with his doctrine of active defence. While direct documentation is limited, scholars have reconstructed this doctrine from archival sources and analysed its defensive applications. This study examines how Laidoner’s active defence principles influenced Estonia’s military modernisation planning. Following the 1934 coup, Laidoner possessed unprecedented powers, providing him significant freedom to implement his strategic vision. The research addresses two questions: What were the main strategic and tactical principles of Laidoner’s active defence doctrine, and what were their foundations? Can these principles be identified in Estonia’s 1938 Defence Modernisation Plan? The analysis focuses primarily on the latter question, as development plans represent crucial forward-looking strategic management tools. The 1938 plan and accompanying discussions provide the clearest evidence of Laidoner’s commitment to implementing active defence principles within the evolving security environment of the late 1930s
In Memory of Professor Ellu Saar: Editorial for the Commemorative Issue of STSS
No full textThis commemorative issue of Studies of Transition States and Societies honours the memory of Ellu Saar, Professor of Sociology at the Institute of Social Studies (IISS), Tallinn University, who passed away at the age of 68, on 2nd June 2024. Prof. Saar was a foundational figure in the Estonian sociological community, whose scholarly contributions and institutional leadership broke ground in education, social stratification, and inequality discussions in post-socialist and European contexts and made Estonian sociology and society visible internationally. She worked at the IISS since its establishment in 1988 (and which later became part of Tallinn University), contributing 36 years to building and strengthening this research centre. As a long-serving editor, adviser, and supporter of this journal, her intellectual sharpness and commitment left a lasting imprint on STSS. [...
The Political Economy of Digital Ecosystems: Scenario Planning for Alternative Futures
No full textBook review of The Political Economy of Digital Ecosystems: Scenario Planning for Alternative Futures by Meelis Kitsing, 2022, Routledge
С. А. Рейсер и П. А. Руднев. Переписка 1967—1969 гг. (К 120-летию С. А. Рейсера и 100-летию П. А. Руднева). [The Correspondence of Solomon Reiser and Petr Rudnev: 1967—1969]
No full textWhat awaits the readers in this section, dedicated to the 120th anniversary of Solomon Reiser, an expert in textual criticism, and the 100th anniversary of Petr Rudnev, a student of Russian verse, is the complete correspondence between the two scholars from 1967 to 1969. Among other things, these letters shed light on the “other side” of Soviet academia, specifically the anti-Semitism and conformism that prevented Rudnev from successfully defending a doctoral dissertation before he moved to Tartu in 1968
