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Exploring Cultural Dynamics: Comparative Analysis of Argumentative English Essays Among Pakistani and Chinese Learners using Multidimensional Analysis
Full text linkThis study aims at exploring comparative linguistic variation across Pakistani and Chinese learners’ English argumentative essays using a multidimensional analysis (MDA) approach. This study uses a quantitative approach to describing co-occurring linguistic features. The corpus comprising 400 Pakistani and Chinese learners’ essays used in this study has been electronically derived from an online source, ICNALE. The representative corpus has been tagged and analysed through MAT tagger. This study addresses how the language of Pakistani and Chinese learners vary comparatively linguistically; it also explores their linguistic characterization which distinguishes their variety through their co-occurring linguistic features using MD analysis by utilizing five dimensions. The study is restricted to only two countries i.e., Pakistan and China, and the size of the data is considerably more restricted to one sub-register of essay writing, namely, argumentative essays. The results indicate that the language of Pakistani learners’ essays is informational but Chinese learners’ essays are involved in dimension 1 Chinese learners’ essays are narrative whereas Pakistanis learners’ essays are non-narrative on dimension 2. Dimension 3 specifies that Pakistani learners’ essay writings implement that the text is independent of context and contains significant nominalizations while Chinese learners’ essay writings are context-dependent in nature. Dimension 4 indicates that Chinese learners’ essay writings are more explicit and persuasive specifying extensive use of modal verbs than Pakistani learners’ writings. The nature of Chinese learners’ essays is abstract, formal, and technical while Pakistani learners’ essays are non-abstract, objective, and natural on Dimension 5. This study has shed light on how learners acquire new words and expressions from reading different texts that identify various lexical grammatical aspects writers employ and serve as the fundamental source of variety in their language. The categories of dimensions are developed based on particular linguistic features that are over- or under-utilized by assessing the statistical data
Lexical Variation of Agam Tanah Datar Dialect in Nagari Gunuang of Padang Panjang City
Full text linkThis study discusses linguistic phenomena regarding the lexical variations of the Agam Tanah Datar dialect found in Nagari Gunuang, Padang Panjang City. The research conducted in Nagari Gunuang covered four villages as observation points, namely Ekor Lubuk village, Sigando village, Ganting village and Ngalau village. This study describes the forms of lexical variations of the Agam Tanah Datar dialect of the Minangkabau language found in Nagari Gunuang, Padang Panjang City. The data of this study are the dialects spoken orally by nine informants. The informants of this study were the natives of Nagari Gunuang who directly explained 851 glosses of vocabulary, phrases and sentences. This research is a qualitative as well as quantitative research. The method of providing data used is the method of observing, noting, and speaking. The method of data analysis uses dialectometric calculations, in order to determine the percentage of speech differences between observation points. In this study, 172 lexical variations were found from 851 glosses which were grouped into: two two-symbol etimonsss, two three-symbol etimonss, two four-symbol etimonsss and three three-symbol etimonss. In the dialectometric calculation, it was found that the overall average percentage was below 25% which was classified as a speech difference
Adoption of Ritual and Poetry of Aláwòrò-Ẹkùn Deity in Combating Regional Instability in Nigeria
Full text linkThe paper examines the Adoption of ritual and poetry of Aláwòrò-Ẹkùn deity in combating regional instability in Nigeria. This was done with a view of projecting deity and its rituals as a means of resolving conflicts and instability in the society. The study makes use of in-depth interviews with four selected participants from Aláwòrò-Ẹkùn worshippers (one priests and three followers). These participants were selected from Arárọ̀mí-Ale one of the Àwórì communities in Lagos State. Audio-visual and photographic recordings were used for documentation of symbolic elements and oral performances at the shrines. The findings showed that ritual and poetry is an effective method to combat regional instability in Nigeria. It increases cooperation, trust and foster a sense of solidarity among neighboring communities. Also, it showed this deity as a savior that rescued people of Ọ̀jọ́ community in Lagos State and its environment from robbers, kidnapers, terrorist and the epidemic of 1935. The poetry becomes the means of communicating with the deity to fish out traitors and the aggrieved ones before sacrifices. The study concluded that Aláwòrò-Ẹkùn deity had played crucial roles right from the ancestral period by ensuring safety of Ọ̀jọ́ and Arárọ̀mí-Ale community. It also pointed to the fact that Aláwòrò-Ẹkùn deity is the pillar of peaceful co-existence and unity in Arárọ̀mí-Ale and Ọ̀jọ́ community. The followers were compelled to settle their grievance and grudges before appearing in Aláwòrò-Ẹkùn shine. If this is generally accepted, prolonged grudges or disagreement that may lead to instability in the community will be resolved and instability will be prevented. The findings showed that the adoption of ritual and poetry is an effective method to combat regional instability in Nigeria
The Backwash Effect of the National Exam on Upper Secondary Moroccan Teaching
Full text linkThis study aims to investigate the issue of assessment in the Moroccan educational system. Precisely, it aims at exploring the washback of the Secondary national English examination on English teaching and learning practices in the context of upper secondary education in Morocco. To attain the objective of the study, questionnaires are distributed to 70 teachers, and a focus group protocol with 20 students was conducted in three high schools. The findings reveal that the examination has a strong negative influence on the students and the teachers. The main harmful washback effect of this exam is found to be the neglect of teaching the skills of listening and speaking as they are not assessed. Moreover, the results of the study show that the contents of teaching are highly influenced by the exam. Even though the syllabus was changed from grammar-based to communicative-based, English Examinations are still grammar-ruled and reading-based. Similarly, students are also affected by the washback effect of the national exam because it brings anxiety that can distort their progress and performance, and students might not be able to learn real-life knowledge but instead learn discrete points of knowledge that are assessed. On the basis of these results, a new English exam is suggested, hoping to prompt positive washback and refine the English-speaking performance of Moroccan highschoolers
Comparative Analysis of Arabic-Indonesian and Arabic-English Translation Techniques in The Al-Hikam Aphorism
Full text linkThis study examines the translation techniques used in the Arabic, Indonesian, and English languages. One of the studies in textual equivalence involves the translation of the information structure of Themes (starting point of speech) and Rheme (new information). Mapping the structure of the Themes and Rheme in the source language text (SL) will assist the translator in determining the flow of information and identifying the type of genre in both the source and the target text. Thus, the research problems can be stated as follows: (1) what the form of information structure is in Al-Hikam aphorisms, and (2) how to apply translation techniques in Al-Hikam aphorisms. The results show that Arabic-to-Indonesian and Arabic-to-English aphorism translations employ a variety of translation techniques. There are 1,169 different translation techniques utilised in Al-Hikam aphorisms (Arabic to Indonesian). Meanwhile, the number of translation techniques in Al-Hikam aphorisms (Arabic – English) amount to 962. On the other hand, the dominance of established equivalent techniques in Arabic – Indonesian and Arabic – English translations indicates that there are many terms or expressions that have been recognised in the dictionary or are commonly used to achieve equivalence from the source language to the target language, thereby increasing the readability of aphorism. The results of macro level data analysis indicate that translation of Al-Hikam’s aphorisms in Arabic - Indonesian and Arabic - English tends to be oriented towards the target language and adopts the ideology of domestication
Emoticons Unveiled: A Multifaceted Analysis of Their Linguistic Impact
Full text linkThis study aims to thoroughly investigate the linguistic impact of emojis and emoticons in modern written communication. This work attempts to shed light on these digital symbols’ linguistic structure, social implications, and evolution through a multidisciplinary research method. A mixed-methods approach was used in the research, integrating interdisciplinary viewpoints with quantitative and qualitative analyses. A vast amount of data was gathered from various digital communication channels, such as email exchanges, messaging apps, and social media. A sizable collection of text messages with emojis and emoticons was assembled. Emotional cons and emojis were categorized using linguistic analysis, breaking down their structure into visual components and repeating patterns. Their grammatical and syntactic effects on written language were also evaluated in this investigation. The findings indicate that using emojis in writing positively correlates with emotional expressiveness. This implies that when people wish to express emotions and subtlety in their messages, they typically utilize more emoticons. They enhance digital etiquette, reduce misunderstandings, improve emotional connection, and foster cross-cultural understanding. Emoticons are a global visual language that helps people communicate, create empathy, and navigate digital communication
A Linguistic Analysis of The Use of Humour in Adébáyò̩ Fálétí’s Writings
No full textThis study discussed strategies of humour in Adébáyọ̀ Àkàndé Fálétí’s writings. It interrogates how humour as a universal human interactional phenomenon is used to particularly entertain, checkmate human excesses and chastise societal ills in a mild manner. It is noted that among the living things only human beings laugh and humour excites laughter but it is not every humour that leads to laughter. Therefore, for humour to be effectively appreciated, it must be properly situated in its social context. The theoretical framework for this study is based on Thomas Veatch postulation of humour as a phenomenon made up of congruous and incongruous elements of socially typical and infringement of the prejudiced ethical standard. This framework is adopted to study Faleti’s use of humour to entertain, criticize human actions and chastise societal ills. It was out that humour as a form of lampoon is used euphemistically or ironically not as a means to destroy the society but to improve it. Faleti uses humour as an effective weapon of criticism and a subtle source of laughter to entertain the audience and to curb aberrations in the society. Humour in Faleti’s writings is used in a calm and amusing manner and the end result is laughter, although beneath the laughter is the lampoon of social misdemeanours concealed in the use of light-hearted constructions. Faleti has succeeded in espousing various methods of coping with serious and tense situation through the use of strategies of humour
Claim Category in Indonesian Coffee Discourse Argument
Full text linkThe objective of this research is to describe the construction of claims in the strategies used in the coffee discourse. The claim in the argument can show cognition about coffee that is implanted by the producer. his research takes data from the online discourse of Indonesian coffee. The data of this research are statements that are contextually interpreted as claims and then examined from the Toulmin concept. By studying the types of claims, types of claims and its strategy to connect claims and ground, the researcher describes the arguments in the coffee discourse. From the results of the qualitative study, it is obtained that there are three types of claims, namely fact-based claims, judgment and value claims, and claim-based policies. From the three types of claims it can be concluded that there are. From the results and discussion it can be stated that there are subjective and objective claims formed in the coffee discourse. Objective claims are proven by geographical location, research, knowledge and environmental conservation in industrial agriculture (future knowledge). Subjective claims are shown by personality and support quality. Regarding history, as an aspect of judgment and value claims, it is subjective and objective. From these claims, it can be seen that the coffee discourse contains cognitions about coffee companies with historical authority, personality, and taste; future knowledge and research references; taste, packaging, and good process
The Vital Function of Motivation and Attitude in Learning English as a Foreign language in the Moroccan University
Full text linkMost academic researchers argued that learning English necessitates a number of components to effectively enhance the learning process. The major components that are highly demanding are mainly motivation and attitude. This study aims to check upon the significant role of the previously mentioned components in learning English as a foreign language and to check whether motivation and attitude are highly required for an efficient learning process. For the data collection procedure, a google form questionnaire was designed and distributed to respondents through the social media applications, such as WhatsApp, Facebook and Messenger too. The respondents of this study are Moroccan university students affiliated to Moulay Ismail University in Meknes in Morocco, more precisely the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences as well as the Faculty of Sciences in Meknes in Morocco. For the research outcomes of the study, respondents were aware about the requirement of enhancing their level in English. They held an encouraging attitude towards the language. They illustrated that they have become tolerant and open-minded in their process of learning. They also assumed that English is a global language and they are studying it for various reasons, such as passing exams successfully, delivering talks and publishing articles in internationally indexed journals, and settling in a foreign country whose English is the mother tongue of its native speakers. Consequently, they are adopting intrinsic/extrinsic and instrumental/integrative motivation clusters. Likewise, they argued that they ought to practice the language inside and outside the classroom setting to become fluent in English; otherwise, it will be hard for them to achieve an excellent level in the learning process. At last, it can be deduced that students’ motivation and positive attitude are tremendously relevant for an effective learning process of a foreign language
Designing Synchronous and Asynchronous Activities for Interactive Learning
Full text linkThis study aims to develop a model of interactive learning media by focusing on online activities with synchronous and asynchronous models to improve the quality of English learning. The study provides some discussion about preparing an interactive online learning by deploying various types of activities which group into synchronous and asynchronous activities. The method used in the research is research and development method which follows ADDIE model. The data collected from English skill class which include Elementary Reading and Writing and Elementary Listening and Speaking. The result of the study shows effective model for developing interactive medias for teaching English skill. It is very important to design learning activities aligned with the learning outcomes and learning objectives. To create an effective online learning environment, teachers should consider about the interactivity of the learning activities and the mode of content delivery. Both synchronous and asynchronous activities have benefits and drawback. Hence to get a maximum benefit of online learning, teachers need to combine synchronous and asynchronous activities and design which activities should be delivered in each mode