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The Inspecting Group in the 10th Year of the Horeki Era and the Kumano District
Get PDF徳川幕府は,将軍が代替りすると全国へ諸国巡見使を派遣した.各藩主の統治の実態を幕府(公儀)権力は掌握することをねらったのである.紀伊国へは大和国から入国して南下し,熊野地方を通って,伊勢国へ抜けていく場合と,逆に伊勢国から熊野地方へ入り,北上して大和国へ抜けていく場合の二通りがあった.巡見使が途中で領民に質問があったときの回答書を紀州藩が作成し,「手鑑」として村々へ配布している.藩側にとって不都合な発言をさせないためである.幕藩制下の藩というもう一方の分権的権力を把握しようとする公儀権力の目的は妨げられている.本稿は,宝暦10年(1760)の巡見使の来訪時の熊野地方のうちの付家老水野氏の所領(新宮領3万5000石)の状況を考察するが,領内に布達した巡見使に関する一切の触はすべて紀州藩から出されており,水野氏はそれに従うのみで独自な判断はできなかった.巡見使の来訪が近づくと,通行が予想される道路の点検と修復,新宮川の危険箇所の整備,それに伴う出人足や川舟と水主の村々への割り当てなど任務は多岐にわたったが,それを処理するのに地域の実状に最も熟知している大庄屋を駆使して行なった.本稿で利用した「万覚留帳」は,新宮領請川組大庄屋須川善六が書き留めた記録であるが,巡見使の通行に際し多岐にわたる任務に領民をどう徴発するのか,その状況を明らかにしながら領主権力が領内の村や領民支配が貫徹していく実状を解明する.8KJ00004723233研究論文Research Paperjournal articl
The trend of applicants entering kindergarten and nursery teachers training programs : A questionnaire of high school students in the northern area of Mie prefecture
Get PDFThis study investigates the trend of applicants to the teacher-training program offered by the department of childhood education studies at Suzuka Junior College. The classes came at the request of the community to expand pre-elementary teacher training courses. The Program was expanded in 2004 to include kindergarten teacher training. The courses have proved popular and capacity has risen. Y.HORI and MOTOYAMA created the questionnaire, and KITO totalized it. Then YOKOI and K.HORI analyzed the data.5KJ00006319901論文journal articl
Japanese Female Workers in the Course Management System
Get PDFFocusing on female workers who have been hired as managerial/supervisory staff in the Japanese workplace, I studied the laws and acts implemented to improve their situation, the objective and definition of the course management system and how controversial the system is. I discuss about women workers in the course management system through interviews with them who work for large Japanese trading firms and companies, about their actual work environment, starting with their work condition, salary, work content, career development, promotion and transfer opportunities.15KJ00005073336Research Paperjournal articl
Moral Law as the Ratio Cognoscendi of Freedom in Kant's Philosophy
Get PDFIn Critique of Practical Reason (1788) Kant elaborates on his idea of freedom. According to him, freedom is cognizable only through the awareness of the moral law. Therefore the moral law is the ratio cognoscendi of freedom, while the latter is the ratio essendi of the former. Although such reciprocal substantiation sounds quite paradoxical, we can understand his idea when we look back on his Critique of Pure Reason (1781), examine the development of his conception of freedom and then put his statement in Critique of Practical Reason into its proper context. In this paper I explicate two types of Kant's concept of freedom that are regarded as representing by turns the stages of his philosophical development: (1) practical freedom, (2) transcendental freedom. In the 1770's Kant mainly talked about the former and expected that he could manage with it in his moral philosophy. This expectation was also carried over into Critique of Pure Reason, as is typically found in the chapter 'The canon of pure reason'. Yet he also argued in Critique of Pure Reason about antinomy of pure reason and elaborated in consequence of the resolution of the third antinomy the concept of transcendental freedom in its probability. On account of that some people describe Critique of Pure Reason as a patchwork. However, I argue in this paper that we can learn from the whole text of Critique of Pure Reason the decisive development of Kant's thinking on freedom. Namely, practical freedom is completely excelled by transcendental freedom. Then I consider how he could succeed in demonstrating transcendental freedom in its peculiar reality. In my opinion Kant drew for that purpose in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785) an important distinction between the hypothetical and categorical imperative. It was in consequence of this elaborate consideration that he could propose the reciprocal substantiation between the moral law qua categorical imperative and freedom in Critique of Practical Reason.16KJ00005073337Research Paperjournal articl
Consideration of Religious Leader's "Old Age" : Mainly the Christianity of Present Age Japan
Get PDFIt never necessarily goes well at pastors' old age. In each sect of the Christianity, the retirement system is introduced, and the retirement allowance is provided for the retirement pastors. There are some sects which pension system is prepared for, too. However, after it retires from the duty of pastor, they concerned are opposite to an economical, healthy difficulty. However, there is a retirement from active life pastor who publishes the person and the writing that keeps parting from the sect and being missioned, and is sending it with the web etc. in no small way, too. It will be able to be thought that the aged society is not caught in the minus but the field of a new mission for the Christianity extended.9KJ00004723234研究論文Research Paperjournal articl
Micrometeorologic Alleviation Effects of Greening Mats with MIYAMAMANNENGUSA
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to report ongoing fundamental research we have been undertaken in greening special urban spaces such as buildings, parking lots, and balancing reservoirs with greening mats we have developed. We have measured temperature and relative humidity of concrete-covered areas as well as inside the kennel and have measured water quality of experimental tanks each installed with our unique greening mats planted with MIYAMAMANNENGUSA (Sedum uniflorum ssp japonicum ver senanense). In the summer, the mats installed on concrete-covered areas have lowered the temperature while maintaining little amounts of moisture in the air. Changes of the temperature have been alleviated and we have observed an increase of relative humidity inside the kennel. Although temperature cannot be sharply reduced since the amounts of evaporation from the Sedum are extremely small, the mats have eased surrounding micrometeorology by interrupting direct rays, preventing reflections, and controlling relative humidity. Meanwhile, K^+, N0_3^-, and Ca^ in the water have been absorbed by MIYAMAMANNENGUSA and it suppressed the breeding of algae or planktons.12KJ00004723237研究ノートResearch Notejournal articl
Local Japanese Language Exchange Activity from a Multicultural Coexistence Perspective : Considering New Activities and the Daily Administration of Local Japanese Language Volunteers
Get PDFIt is well known that in response to the increase of foreigners in Japan, many volunteer associations have developed to teach foreigners Japanese. Additionally, in recent years the term Multicultural Coexistence is often heard. In this paper I intend to consider Japanese language volunteer activities in City A from the perspective of Multicultural Coexistence. I will also discuss the social role of Japanese language volunteers after analyzing their current role within Japanese society. Finally, I intend to investigate the current problems of Japanese language volunteers and connect these issues to activities that can be put into practice in the future.14KJ00004723239研究ノートResearch Notejournal articl