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Biodiesel from Avocado Seed Oil with CaO and CaO Super Basa Catalyst from Egg Shell Waste
Get PDFOne waste that can be used as raw material for biodiesel is avocado seeds. Generally, biodiesel from avocado seed oil is synthesized using a homogeneous base catalyst, NaOH or KOH. However, the yield of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) is still low, so it is necessary to make biodiesel using heterogeneous base catalysts such as calcium oxide (CaO) and super base CaO from eggshell waste. Avocado seed oil biodiesel was synthesized using the method of transesterification with a ratio of 1:6, and a super base CaO/CaO catalyst of 1.5% (w/w) of the weight of avocado seed oil was added. The use of the CaO catalyst produced a Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) of 98.21% with a biodiesel yield of 73.77%, while the use of a super base CaO catalyst produced a FAME of 98.47% with a biodiesel yield of 74.50%. Characterization of biodiesel using FTIR shows the presence of methyl, ether, alcohol, carbonyl, and ester functional groups (C=O and C-O bonds), which are characteristics of the resulting biodiesel trans-esterification. Based on the yield and physical and chemical properties, the avocado seed oil biodiesel produced is better using the super base CaO catalyst than the CaO catalyst
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, MOTIVASI KERJA, DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA DENGAN KEPEMIMPINAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI (Studi Kasus Pada Pegawai di Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak, Pengendalian Penduduk Dan Keluarga Berencana Kabupaten Bogo: THE EFFECT OF COMPETENCE, WORK MOTIVATION, WORK DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH LEADERSHIP AS A MODERATING VARIABLE (CASE STUDY OF EMPLOYEES AT THE OFFICE OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT AND CHILD PROTECTION, POPULATION CONTROL AND FAMILY PLANNING, BOGOR REGENCY).
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Kompetensi, Motivasi Kerja, DisiplinKerja terhadap Kinerja dengan Kepemimpinan sebagai variabel moderasi padapegawai di Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak, PengendalianPenduduk dan Keluarga Berencana Kabupaten Bogor. Jenis penelitian yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif asosiatif dengan bentukhubungan kausal. Populasi yang diteliti adalah pegawai di Dinas PemberdayaanPerempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak, Pengendalian Penduduk Dan KeluargaBerencana berjumlah 62 orang, dengan menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh karenajumlah populasi kecil, maka sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan seluruhjumlah populasi untuk digunakan sebagai responden sebanyak 62 responden.Metode pengumpulan data didasarkan pada dua referensi yaitu data primerdiperoleh dari wawancara, observasi dan kuesioner yang disebarkan kepadaresponden dan data sekunder diperoleh dari sejarah perusahaan, ruang lingkupperusahaan, struktur organisasi, buku, literatur, artikel serta sistus interne
Instant Granule Formulation Combining White Sweet Potato Leaves Extract (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) and Javanese Chili (Piper retrofractum Vahl)
Get PDFDengue haemorrhagic fever is a viral infection transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which is one of the symptoms is thrombocytopenia. The extract from white sweet potato leaves is recognized for its potential to increase the number of platelet count. This research aimed to develop a formula for an instant granule combining white sweet potato leaves extract with Javanese chili extract meeting taste preferences and societal acceptability. The preparation of the extract was performed by maseration using 70% ethanol and then concentrated with a rotary evaporator. The result was a thick extract which was then dried in an oven at 50℃. The manufacture of instant granule formulations was conducted using wet granulation method. Various formulations were obtained by differentiated concentration of Javanese chili used in the formula (FI 1%, FII 2%, and FIII 3%). The instant granule formulation was evaluated by organoleptic assay and other essential parameters for instant granule, such as moisture content, flow rate, angle of repose, and particle size distribution. The FII 2% formulation emerged as the most acceptable with an average score of 2.17. Non-parametric analysis indicated no significant difference among the three formulas, as the obtained significant value (α) was ≥ 0.05, leading to the acceptance of the null hypothesis H0
Hemoglobin Levels and Number of Erythrocytes in Scabies-infected Male Mice (Mus musculus) Treated with Water Extract of Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Cultivar Hideung
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the hemoglobin levels and number of erythrocytes in scabies-infected male mice treated with taro water extract as a cheap and safe alternative treatment for scabies. The test animals were 24 mice weighing 20-25 grams, divided into 6 groups consisting of: K1: taro water extract 100gr/100 ml water, K2 taro water extract 200gr/100ml water, K3: using 300gr/100ml taro water extract water, K4: ivermectin positive control, K5: negative control with water alone, and K6 normal control not infected with scabies and not given treatment. The application of taro extract was carried out for five days. Observations were carried out every day, until day 7. Blood samples were taken from mice three times: before being infected with scabies (healthy), when infected with scabies, and after being treated with taro water extract. The data obtained was processed statistically using the SPSS software with the One Way ANOVA test. Sarcoptes scabiei infection affects the appearance of the blood profile of male mice when infected, there is an increase in the number of erythrocytes but does not affect hemoglobin levels. Treatment with water extract of the taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) cultivar hideung in different concentrations did not show significant blood results, but it could heal wounds caused by scabies infection
Pengaruh Anggaran Belanja Pemerintah Daerah Pada Fungsi Pendidikan Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Provinsi Papua (THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE BUDGET ON EDUCATION FUNCTION ON THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX IN PAPUA PROVINCE)
Get PDFPembangunan ekonomi pada masa lampau yang berorientasi kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi telah gagal mencapai tujuan pembangunan karena tidak mampu untuk mengurangi masalah kemiskinan, pengangguran dan ketimpangan. Tujuan pembangunan ekonomi pembangunan diarahkan kepada pembangunan sumber daya manusia sebagaimana yang digagas oleh United Nations Development Program (UNDP) yaitu peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia melalui peningkatan kualitas pendidikan, kesehatan, daya beli masyarakat. Metode jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang bersuber terdiri dari beberapa instansi dan dikumpulkan melalui studi literature. Belanja bidang pendidikan Provinsi papua fluktuatif, meskipun namun menunjukkan kecenderungan yang semakin meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil uji menunjukan bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap indeks pembangunan manusia adalah ekonomi sebesar 0,936 kemudian variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan negatif adalah belanja pendidikan dan kesehatan sebesar 0,059 dan belanja ekonomi sebesar 0,156. Berdasarkan nilai adjusted R- Sɡuare sebesar 92,7 % keragaman variabel Indek Pembangunan Manusia diterangkan oleh variabel yang ada model ini, yakni belanja fungsi pendidikan (X1), belanja fungsi kesehatan (X2) dan belanja fungsi ekonomi (X3), sedangkan 7,3% lagi diterangkan oleh variabel yang tidak terdapat dalam model ini
ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia) SEBAGAI OBAT SKABIES DI DESA CIPEUNDEUY, KECAMATAN BANTARUJEG, KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA
Get PDFThe high potential of the binahong (Anredera cordifolia) plant as a traditional medicine used by the people of Cipeundeuy Village is local wisdom that must be preserved so that it continues to be maintained as time goes by, so this research was carried out as knowledge about the use of binahong, especially for scabies, so that it can be more widely known. This research aims to analyze the use of the binahong plant as a traditional scabies medicine and its processing techniques. This research method is purposive sampling with data collection techniques, namely semi-structured interviews with 15 respondents consisting of two key informants and 13 members of the general public, then continued with exploration by seeing the processing process directly and documenting it. The results of the research show that 100% of the people of Cipeundeuy Village believe and practice using binahong leaves to treat skin disease, namely scabies, which causes wounds and itching. As many as 39% of people use the binahong plant by holding it in a bracelet (twisting it between the palms of their hands) and then rubbing it on, 33% drink it and 28% use it in the bath. The part of the plant used is the leaves which must be an odd number, usually 3.5 or 7 leaves. The ethanol content and chemical compounds in the form of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids are known to be healing agents for scabies caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that live on the human epidermis
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG DI TAMAN HUTAN RAYA PANCORAN MAS – DEPOK
Get PDFSpecies richness of birds was influenced by vegetation structure, canopy cover, and the ability of the land to support bird life. Data on bird species diversity is needed as a basis for management planning in the area. As a Conservation area and life support area, the Pancoran Mas Great Forest Park (Taman Hutan Raya) must be supported by various scientific data and information for management purposes. One is the richness of bird species found in the Tahura Pancoran Mas area. This research aims to identify and inventory bird diversity and determine the composition of their habitat vegetation. This activity will be carried out in June - August 2022. Bird data collection uses the transect route method, while habitat data uses the census method. The birds found consisted of 13 species of birds. The diversity index value is 2.178 (medium) and the evenness index is 0.98 (stable). The species of birds identified are insect and fruit eaters, there is only 1 type that eats fish. There are 86 species of trees, with the dominance of each phase being fruit producers. Trees function as providers of food for birds in the form of fruit, insects, and seed
Isotherm Adsorption of Ion Phosphate from Vinasse Waste Using Quaternary Ammonium Polymer as Adsorbent in Term Effect of Temperature
Get PDFVinasse liquid waste is a waste product resulting from the ethanol distillation process. Phosphate in high concentrations can harm the environment, such as by polluting water sources and underground surfaces. In this research, adsorption of phosphate ions was carried out in vinasse waste to remove these pollutants using quaternary ammonium polymers. The study examined the effect of vinasse waste sample temperature on the adsorption of phosphate ions. The first step in this work was to create a quaternary ammonium polymer utilising a one-pot technique using 2-[methacryloyloxy)ethyl trimethylammonium chloride solution, also referred to as META. Subsequently, the adsorption process was performed using temperature variations of 25, 30, 40, 50, and 60 . Phosphate ion adsorbance was measured with UV-Vis spectrometers at a wavelength of 880 nm. The quaternary ammonium polymer succeeded in adsorbing the phosphate ion content of the vinasse waste at an optimal temperature of 40 , with an adsorption capacity of 3.78 mg/L and a removal efficiency of 75.70%. The adsorption isotherm model for phosphate ions onto quaternary ammonium polymer was studied using the Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The obtained data indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model, with an value of 0.9921, is well-suited for describing the adsorption behaviour in this research
Optimization and Mechanism Elucidation of Catalytic Photodegradation Methylene Blue by TiO2/Zeolite Coal Fly Ash Nanocomposite Under H2O2 Presence
Get PDFThe synthetic dye methylene blue is utilized in many industries. However, it harms the aquatic ecosystem. Methylene blue causes wastewater to become colored. If this colored waste is released into the environment, clean, colorless water will become colored. This work uses a zeolite coal fly ash/TiO2 nanocomposite to enhance the process and identify the photodegradation mechanism of Methylene Blue (MB). Our group has successfully synthesized this nanocomposite using a developed method, improving the materials' capacity for both photodegradation and adsorption. This study has proved nanocomposite performance to degrade methylene blue as a synthetic dye by optimizing the effects of H2O2 addition, catalyst dosage, pH, initial concentration of methylene blue, and irradiation period. The maximum photodegradation in this investigation was observed at a pH of 12 with a nanocomposite dose of 3 g/l and an addition of 8 ml/l of H2O2, and in this study, degradation efficiency reached 100% for an 18 mg/l MB concentration in a short period of 75 minutes. With a reaction rate constant of 0.0601 min-1, the reaction kinetics were described by a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics model. UPLC-MS/MS QToF analysis revealed the result of chemicals produced by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue fragmentation into simpler molecules
Pendugaan Umur Simpan Kopi Bubuk Arabika Java Preanger Dengan Metode ASLT Model Arrhenius
Get PDFWest Java is famous for its specialty coffee named Java Preanger arabica, which is including in the specialty category with an excellent title. To maintain its superior taste quality, special treatment in necessary to preserve the coffee quality. As time passes, the quality of coffee tend to decline, hence the need to evaluate its shelf life estimation to determine the optimal consumption period. To uphold product quality, its crucial to use appropriate packaging and ensure suitable storage temperatures. This research aims to estimate the shelf life of powdered coffee based on its moisture content using the ASLT Arrhenius model, as well as to evaluate the most effective packaging type in preserving coffee quality during storage. The research findings indicate the moisture content increase and coffee quality deteriorates with storage. Coffee packaged in kraft foil has a maximum shelf life of 96 days 35˚C, 96 days at 45˚C, 94 days at 55˚C, and 96 days at room temperature. Therefore, kraft foil packaging is the optimal choice for maintaining the quality of powdered coffee.
Jawa Barat terkenal dengan kopi khasnya, yakni Arabika Java Preanger yang mendapatkan predikat excellent dalam kategori specialty. Untuk mempertahankan kualitas citarasa yang unggul, perlakuam khusus diperlukan agar mutu kopi tetap terjaga. Seiring berjalannya waktu, kualitas kopi cenderung menurun sehingga estimasi umur simpannya perlu dievaluasi untuk menentukan waktu optimal konsumsi. Untuk menjaga kualitas produk, penting untuk menggunakan kemasan yang tepat dan memperhatikan suhu penyimpanan yang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan umur simpan kopi bubuk berdasarkan kadar air dengan menggunakan metode ASLT model Arrhenius, serta mengevaluasi jenis kemasan yang paling efektif dalam menjaga mutu kopi selama proses penyimpanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air meningkat dan kualitas mutu kopi menurun seiring dengan penyimpanan. Kemasan kopi dengan kraft foil memiliki umur simpan maksimum selama 96 hari pada suhu 35˚C, 95 hari pada suhu 45˚C, 94 hari pada suhu 55˚C, dan 96 hari pada suhu ruangan. Oleh karena itu, kemasan kraft foil merupakan pilihan optimal untuk menjaga kualitas mutu kopi bubuk