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BIAYA PRODUKSI PENEBANGAN DAN PENYARADAN KAYU JATI (Tectona Grandis L.f) UNGGUL NUSANTARA DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN UNIVERSITAS NUSA BANGSA
Get PDFTimber harvesting in Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) plantation forest at the Nusa Bangsa University Garden has entered the age of ripening, therefore the harvesting is already necessary. The cost of harvesting JUN production is still currently not available, especially for the costs of logging, skidding, and stump cleaning. The cost of these are very much needed as to determine the business feasibility of the JUN. The aims of this study are to calculate the cost of producing logging, skidding and stump cleaning of JUN arrears in the Cogreg experimental garden of Nusa Bangsa University. The method used is a field observation method, as it’s to describe and explain the production activities. The quantitative approach is the approach that taken by record and analyze the research data. The result shows that the average production cost of logging was Rp. 92,406.91 / m3, while the extraction costs Rp. 130,000.42 / m3, and production costs for arrears cleaning Rp. 80,002.31. So that the total production cost of logging, skidding, and cleaning of arrears are Rp. 30,409.64 / m3
BENTONIT TERAKTIVASI ASAM SULFAT SEBAGAI ADSORBEN DALAM PEMURNIAN PELUMAS BEKAS
Get PDFActivated Bentonits of Sulfatic Acid as Adsorben in Purchase of Used Lubricants Recycling of used lubricating oil is one of the alternatives in the framework of efficiency, saving oil consumption, and reducing pollution. One effort to purify used lubricating oil is to separate impurities through the adsorption method. The adsorbent that can be used is bentonite. Activation of bentonite using acid will produce adsorbent with an active side and greater surface acidity so that the adsorption ability is higher than before activated. Characteristics of lubricating oil produced are: kinematic viscosity 40 °C and 100 °C at 109.94 cSt and 14.57 cSt recently; viscosity index is 136; specific gravity 15 °C is 0.8872; and the resulting color is L5.0. Activated sulfonic bentonite can be an optimum adsorbent in purifying used lubricating oil, with optimum bentonite concentration is 30% and optimum adsorption temperature is 70 °C resulting in a 49% increase in viscosity efficiency of 40 °C and 30.79% for temperatures of 100 °C.Keywords: Bentonite, Lubricants, Adsorption  ABSTRAK Daur ulang minyak pelumas bekas merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam rangka efisiensi, penghematan konsumsi minyak bumi, serta mengurangi pencemaran. Salah satu upaya menjernihkan minyak pelumas bekas adalah dengan memisahkan zat-zat pengotor melalui metode adsorpsi. Adsorben yang dapat digunakan adalah bentonit. Aktivasi bentonit menggunakan asam akan menghasilkan adsorben dengan sisi aktif dan keasaman permukaan yang lebih besar sehingga kemampuan adsorpsinya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sebelum diaktivasi. Karakteristik minyak pelumas yang dihasilkan yaitu: viskositas kinematik 40 °C dan 100 °C sebesar 109,94 cSt dan 14,57 cSt secara berturut-turut; indeks viskositas sebesar 136; specific gravity 15 °C sebesar 0,8872; serta warna yang dihasilkan adalah L5,0. Bentonit teraktivasi asam sulfat mampu menjadi adsorben yang optimum dalam pemurnian minyak pelumas bekas, dengan konsentrasi bentonit optimum adalah 30% dan suhu adsorpsi optimum adalah 70 °C menghasilkan % efisiensi kenaikan viskositas sebesar 49,15% untuk suhu 40 °C dan 30,79% untuk suhu 100 °C.Kata kunci : adsorpsi, bentonit, peluma
PERBANDINGAN LAJU KOROSI PADA MATERIAL STEEL PLATE COLD COIL (SPCC) YANG DILAPISI CAT DENGAN RESIN YANG BERBEDA
Get PDFComparison of Corrosion Rate on Steel Plate Cold Coil (Spcc) Material Coated With Different ResinIron corrosion is the most prominent problem because iron is widely used as a material, for example Steel Plate Cold Coil (SPCC) material or rolled steel plate that undergoes cooling process. SPCC materials are generally used for the manufacture of automobile engines, motor equipment, building construction, battery boxes, industrial machinery, and so on. The corrosion rate was determined by the salt blowing method. This method aims to calculate the corrosion rate of the material acting on an environment containing a salt solution such as NaCl. Corrosion rate testing was done on three types of paint (paint A, paint B, and C paint). Based on analysis and observation results, Coated Steel Plate Cold Coil material B coated has the smallest corrosion rate value because B paint has epoxy resin in the presence of aromatic aromatic compound ether, aromatic hydrocarbon and aliphatic alcohol.Keywords: Iron, Steel Plate Cold Coil (SPCC), corrosion, paint ABSTRAK Korosi pada besi merupakan masalah yang paling menonjol karena besi banyak digunakan secara luas sebagai material, contohnya material Steel Plate Cold Coil (SPCC) atau gulungan plat baja yang mengalami proses pendinginan. Material SPCC umumnya digunakan untuk pembuatan mesin mobil, peralatan motor, konstruksi bangunan, kotak baterai, mesin-mesin industri, dan sebagainya. Laju korosi ditentukan dengan metode sembur garam. Metode ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kecepatan korosi dari material yang bekerja pada lingkungan yang mengandung larutan garam seperti NaCl. Pengujian laju korosi dilakukan terhadap tiga jenis cat (cat A, cat B, dan cat C). Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pengamatan, material Steel Plate Cold Coil yang dilapisi cat B memiliki nilai laju korosi terkecil karena cat B mempunyai resin epoxy dengan adanya senyawa aromatik eter, aromatik hidrokarbon dan alifatik alkohol.Kata Kunci: Besi, Steel Plate Cold Coil (SPCC), korosi, ca
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI GAS HIDROGEN (H2) DENGAN SUBSTRAT LIMBAH BIODIESEL OLEH MUTAN GANDA Enterobacter aerogenes AD-H43 DI BATCH STIRRED TANK REACTOR (BSTR)
Get PDFEnhancement of Hydrogen Gas Production Capacity (H2) With Substrate of Biodiesel Waste By Double Multiles Enterobacter aerogenes Ad-H43 In Batch Stirred Tank Reactor (Bstr)Hydrogen is the simplest element consisting of only one proton and one electron. Almost all components inside the cell contain hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen gas (H2) consists of two binding hydrogen atoms. H2 can be producted by chemical / physics method and biological method. The production of H2 by chemical / physics method is done thermochemically and electrolyzed water, while biologically done by microorganisms through direct and indirect biofotolysis as well as light and dark fermentation. The results showed that H2 production using a double Enterobacter aerogenes AD-H43 mutant on the BSTR fermentor scale occurred an increase in H2 capacity followed by decreased production of lactic acid due to mutation with Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS). On the glycerol substrate E. aerogenes AD-H43 produces H2 of 3.14 mol / mol glycerol while E. aerogenes AY-2 produces only H2 of 2.65 mol / mol glycerol, or an increase of 18% compared to E. aerogenes AY-2 whereas for production lactic acid decreased 33% while in biodiesel waste E. aerogenes AD-H43 yield H2 0.98 mol / mol glycerol and E. aerogenes AY-2 only 0.85 mol / mol glycerol or about 15% increase and in purified biodiesel waste resulting in a higher yield of H2 from biodiesel waste of 0.89 mol / mol glycerol at E. aerogenes AY-2 and 0.98 mol / mol glycerol in E. aerogenes AD-H43.Keywords: Hydrogen, Enterobacter aerogenes, BSTR fermentorABSTRAKHidrogen adalah unsur paling sederhana yang hanya terdiri dari satu proton dan satu elektron. Hampir semua komponen di dalam sel mengandung atom hidrogen. Gas hidrogen (H2) terdiri atas dua atom hidrogen yang berikatan. Pembuatan H2 dapat dilakukan dengan metode kimia/fisika dan metode biologis. Produksi H2 dengan metode kimia/fisika dilakukan secara termokimia dan elektrolisis air, sedangkan secara biologis dilakukan oleh mikroorganisme melalui biofotolisis langsung dan tidak langsung serta fermentasi terang dan gelap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi H2 menggunakan mutan ganda Enterobacter aerogenes AD-H43 pada skala fermentor BSTR terjadi peningkatan kapasitas H2 dengan diikuti penurunan produksi asam laktat akibat mutasi dengan Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS). Pada substrat gliserol E. aerogenes AD-H43 memproduksi H2 sebesar 3.14 mol/mol gliserol sedangkan E. aerogenes AY-2 hanya memproduksi H2 sebesar 2.65 mol/mol gliserol,atau mengalami kenaikan sebesar 18 % dibandingkan E. aerogenes AY-2 sedangkan untuk produksi asam laktatnya terjadi penurunan 33% sedangkan pada limbah biodiesel E. aerogenes AD- H43 menghasilkan yield H2 0.98 mol/mol gliserol dan E. aerogenes AY-2 hanya 0.85 mol/mol gliserol atau terjadi kenaikan sekitar 15 % dan pada limbah biodiesel yang di purifikasi menghasilkan yield H2 yang lebih tinggi dari limbah biodiesel yaitu 0.89 mol/mol gliserol pada E. aerogenes AY-2 dan 0.98 mol/mol gliserol pada E. aerogenes AD-H43. Kata Kunci: Hidrogen, Enterobacter aerogenes, fermentor BST
PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN HUTAN DI WILAYAH DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI CITARUM HULU PROVINSI JAWA BARAT TAHUN 2009-2017 MENGGUNAKAN CITRA LANDSAT DAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS
Get PDFLand use and land cover are important components in understanding the interaction of human activities with the environment. Forest management including planning and supervision in the Upper Citarum Watershed Area of West Java is very important to be done to prevent more severe forest degradation. The purpose of this study is to measure land use change from 2009, 2013 and 2017. This research method is to utilize remote sensing technology and geographic information system (GIS) and then compare 3 map of land cover change. The classification results show that the Citarum watershed area has 13 classes of land cover. The significant land cover change from 2009 to 2017 forest land cover decreased from 64,938.99 Ha to 43,268.00. The rice field land cover  class is scattered throughout the upper Citarum watershed area. Bandung District, West Bandung District, Bandung City, Cimahi City, Sumedang District and a small part of Garu
TEKNIK PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK DARI LIMBAH PADAT INDUSTRI MDF
Get PDFÂ Woody waste from logging activities and the wood processing industry is quite large. If this waste is not utilized, it will cause considerable losses due to wasted woody waste. In Indonesia there are many wood processing industries including the pulp and paper industry, plywood, molding, and medium density fiberboard (MDF). In the MDF industry, chipping are the activities that must be carried out. However, this chipping activity leaves considerable waste in the form of fine chips. Related to this, it is necessary to find and get the use of organic solid waste into a product that can provide added value and technology that can be applied by the communities. One solusion to this is probably by utilizing the waste into organic fertilizer. The aim of this study was to obtain information and technology for making organic fertilizers from the MDF's organic solid waste industry. Fine chip samples were taken from the MDF industry using raw materials from acacia mangium and gmelina, located in Senoni, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Organic fertilizer was made by composting using EM-4 microbial consurtium with rice straw and chicken manure additives. The results of the study show that technically the composting of MDF solid waste can be done well. The composting process to mature takes about 4 months. Composting reduces the C element content of MDF waste from around 56% to 25%, and decreases the value of C/N ratio from 347 to around 28. Composting increases the N element more than 5 times, and also increases the content of K elements. Adding rice straw and chicken manure in general it tended to decrease the value of the C/N ratio, increase pH, and increase the levels of elements P, K, Ca and Mg and their cation exchange capacity. The addition of these materials generally made compost meet SNI standards except the compost water content
KAJIAN KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI CILIWUNG
Get PDFThe Ciliwung Watershed originating from the foot of Mount Pangrango in West Java.Land changes and industrial pollutants and communities living along the Ciliwung River cause the Ciliwung River to be polluted while the Ciliwung River directly or indirectly has an important function for life. The purpose of this study was to determine the water quality of the Ciliwung River based on analysis of pH, temperature, Biological Oxygen Demand, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and plangton identification. The method of taking water samples with the SNI 03-7016-2014 Grab Method was carried out purposively sampling method and analyzed in the UNB Chemical Laboratory. The results of the study were plankton such as phytoplankton Closterium setaceum, Microoimoun strictssium zooplankton, and some shoals such as worms, small crabs, small fish and small shells. The BOD0 value was 13.6418 mg / L, BOD7 which was 12.1855 mg / L and the COD value obtained was 98.00 mg / L. From these results it can be stated that Ciliwung river water was included in class 4 based on PP No. 82 of 2001. Â
KANDUNGAN KIMIA DARI LIMBAH LUMPUR INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM UNTUK BETON GEOPOLIMER DENGAN XRF
Get PDFChemical Containt of Waste Water Installation of Drinking Water Treatment for Geopolymer Concrete by XRF Preparation of geopolymer concrete from waste water installation of drinking water treatment (WIDWT) was manufactured in accordance with SNI. Specimen of size 5 x 5 x 5 cm cubes was used for the concretes. The mortar material consisted of binders, activator, aggregate (fine sand) and water (60% of aggregate and 40% of activators and binders). The composition of the activator and binder mixture were 1: 2; 1: 1,5; 1: 1; 1.5: 1; and 2: 1. The results of the comparison of binders A and B were 4.2: 1 and 6.5: 1. The binders were divided into 2 types: A binder (sludge of WIDWT was dried with oven at 105oC for 24 hours) and B Binder (sludge of WIDWT was dried by kiln at 650oC for 6 hours). The highest compressive strength test was 10.00 MPa on binder A with the ratio of activator and binder 1: 1 and Si: Al ratio (4.2: 1). Binder B with a compressive strength of 9.87 MPa with the ratio of activator and binder 1.5: 1 and Si: Al ratio (6.5: 1). Samples of IPAM sludge waste were tested by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), compressive strength testing of mortar geopolymer with Toni-Technik compressive strength test. The highest value of compressive strength appropriated to SNI 03-0691-1996 in class D which can be applied for City Park.Keywords: geopolymer, WIDWT, XRF, activator, binder ABSTRAK Pembuatan beton geopolimer dari limbah instalasi pengolahan air minum (IPAM) telah dilakukan. Beton geopolimer dibuat sesuai dengan SNI pembuatan mortar geopolimer dengan ukuran 5 x 5 x 5 cm. Bahan mortar terdiri dari binder, larutan aktivator dan agregat (pasir halus) serta air dengan perbandingan 60% (agregat) dan 40%(aktivator dan binder). Parameter variasi campuran aktivator dan binder yaitu 1:2; 1:1,5; 1:1; 1,5:1; dan 2:1. Binder dibagi menjadi 2 jenis yaitu Binder A (lumpur IPAM yang dikeringkan dengan oven pada suhu 105oC selama 24 jam) dan Binder B (lumpur IPAM yang dikeringkan dengan tanur pada suhu 650oC selama 6 jam). Hasil perbandingan binder A dan B adalah 4,2:1 dan 6,5:1. Hasil uji kuat tekan tertinggi sebesar 10,00 Mpa pada binder A dengan perbandingan aktivator dan binder 1:1 dengan perbandingan Si:Al (4,2:1). Binder B dengan kuat tekan 9,87 Mpa dengan perbandingan aktivator dan binder 1,5:1 dengan perbandingan Si:Al (6,5:1). Sampel limbah lumpur IPAM diuji dengan X-Ray Flourescene (XRF), pengujian kuat tekan mortar geopolimer dengan alat uji kuat tekan merk Toni-Technik. Nilai kuat tekan tertinggi memasuki persyaratan mutu SNI 03-0691-1996 pada kelas D yang bisa diaplikasikan untuk taman kota.Kata Kunci: geopolimer, IPAM, XRF, aktivator, binde
PENGARUH RESIN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN WARNA PADA CAT TEMBOK
Get PDFThe Influence of Resin against the Change of Color on the Wall PaintThe quality of the paint is determined by the resin used. Synthetic resins for polymer paints are made by combining several monomers to achieve various characteristics. The incorporation of some monomers such as polyvinyl acetate resin, acrylic vinyl resin and acrylic styrene resin which act as a binder can affect the quality of the paint especially the color change. The purpose of this study is to find the color changes that occur on the wall paint by using Poly Styrene Acrylic , Poly Vinyl Acetate and Poly Vinyl Acrylic. From the results of the measurement of color difference, significant color change occurs in the Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVAc) + Poly Vinyl Acrylic (PVA) and Poly Styrene Acrylic (PSA). The results of the quality test of the three resins based on pH test, scrub test and viscosity test, PSA has better quality compared to PVA + PVAc and PVA resin. From the color difference measurement test, some things need to be considered, are temperature, film thickness, substrate color/background color and measurement conditions (measured in wet sample/in plate/dry surface) and test on resin added additive according to the type of each resin.Keywords: Paint, Resin, Color Changes, Poly Vinyl Acetate, Poly Styrene.ABSTRAK Kualitas dari cat sangat ditentukan oleh resin yang digunakan. Resin sintetis untuk cat berupa polimer yang dibuat dengan menggabung beberapa monomer untuk mencapai berbagai karakteristik. Penggabungan dari beberapa monomer seperti resin poli vinil asetat, resin vinil akrilik dan resin stirena akrilik yang berfungsi sebagai pengikat mampu mempengaruhi kualitas cat terutama dari perubahan warna. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan warna yang terjadi pada cat tembok dengan menggunakan Poli Stirena Akrilik, Poli Vinil asetat dan Poli Vinil Akrilik. Dari hasil pengukuran perbedaan warna, perubahan warna cukup signifikan terjadi pada resin Poli vinil Asetat (PVAc) + Poli Vinil Akrilik (PVA) dan resin Poli Stirena Akrilik (PSA). Hasil uji Kualitas cat dari ketiga resin berdasarkan uji pH, uji scrub dan uji viscositas, PSA memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan resin PVA+PVAc dan PVA. Dari pengujian pengukuran perbedaan warna, beberapa hal yang perlu di perhatikan, yaitu suhu, film thickness, warna substrat/background color dan kondisi pengukuran (diukur dalam keadaan wet sample/dalam bentuk plate/dry surface) dan pengujian terhadap resin yang ditambahkan zat aditif yang sesuai dengan tipe masing-masing resin tersebut.Kata Kunci: Cat, Resin, Perubahan Warna, Poli Vinil, Poli Stirena
KOMPONEN KIMIA KAYU EKALIPTUS (Eucalyptus Urophylla S.T. Blake) HASIL PENJARANGAN DAN ALTERNATIF KEGUNAANNYA
Get PDFEucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake in Indonesia is known as Eucalyptus, Popo, Ampupu and in abroad known as Timor white gum and Timor mountain gum. This species is native to Indonesia whose natural distribution includes Adonara, Alor, Flores, Lembata, Pantar, Timor, Wetar and Lombok. In Indonesia this species is recommended for Industrial Plantation Forests (IPF). In IPF activities, thinning is one of the important stages of activities to be carried out. The purpose of this study is to present technical information about the chemical components of thinning Eucalyptus plants which are around 4 years old in relation to their possible use. The results of this study showed that the extractive content of Eucalyptus wood dissolved in cold water, hot water, 1% NaOH and alcohol-benzene were 10.14%, 15.66%, 24.34% and 3.81% respectively. The content of lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose and holocellulose were 22.53%, 26.86%, 56.97% and 83.83% respectively. The difference in the position of the stem influences its extractive content where the higher position of thestem the lower the extractive content. This species is very suitable for pulping materials, both mechanical pulp, semi-chemical pulp and chemical pulp. In pulp and paper making, it is expected that this species would  save the use of cooking chemicals or bleaching materials, resulting in high pulp yields and creating a good bond between fibers in the pulp or paper sheet. In the manufacture of particle boards, it is expected that this species would not become problems in resin hardening, internal breakage of the board due to volatile extractive internal gas pressure or dimensional stability. But this species is not suitable for cement boards. Keywords : Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus, Thining activity, IPF, Wood chemical componen