Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Gliptin combinations: A Review on analytical methods
No full textDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that causes high blood sugar levels. Several classes of drugs are used for the treatment. Gliptins inhibit the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 enzyme that prolongs the secretion of insulin in the pancreas and also improve the insulin secretion in response to increased blood glucose which may lead to improved glucose tolerance. Gliptins is an important class of drugs used for the treatment of diabetes in which many drugs such as Alogliptin, Linagliptin, Teneligliptin, Saxagliptin and Sitagliptin are incorporated by which the blood glucose can be controlled. In the present study the authors have summarized the analytical methods so far developed with the combination of Gliptins for the treatment of diabetes.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Gliptins combinations, Analytical method
In-vivo Pharmacological Evaluation of Analgesic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Doronicum hookeri Clarke Rhizomes in Wistar Rats
Get PDFA number of plants are used traditionally in different medical conditions by practitioners of traditional medicines but their claim is not yet evaluated scientifically in laboratory animals. Based on the ethnomedical claims made by the Unani health practitioners, the Clarke rhizomes of Doronicum Hookeri was evaluated for analgesics activity in rats to confirm its claim. The successive plant extraction was carried out using Soxhlet apparatus by employing ethanol as a solvent of the dried rhizomes of Doronicum Hookeri. The % yield of extracted compound was 28.27% w/w. The qualitative preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic content, terpenoids and volatile oils in the rhizomes of ethanolic extract of D. Hookeri. The extract was orally administered in rats at low dose and high dose (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) and was evaluated using Eddy’s Hot Plate Method in rats for analgesics activity. Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg) and was taken as a standard drug. The maximum possible analgesia % of ethanolic extract of rhizomes of D. Hookeri were found to be highest at a dose of 400mg/kg which showed 68.95% and 80% analgesia at 45 minute and 60 minute which when compared to Diclofenac sodium showed 73.28% and 85.71% at 45 minute and 60 minutes. The analgesic efficacy of ethanolic extract of rhizomes of D. Hookeri showed significant analgesic activity (p<0.04) in dose dependent manner at different time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. This asserts ethnomedical claims of some tribes regarding the analgesic activity of this plant.
Keywords - Analgesics, eddy’s hot plate, D. Hookeri, Diclofenac sodium
To Conduct a Prospective Study on Pioglitazone Induced Kidney Injury in Tertiary Care Hospital
Get PDFConducting a prospective study on kidney impairment caused by pioglitazone at tertiary care hospitals is the study\u27s goal. The goal is to assess Pioglitazone, mortality, quality of life, and the degree of the medication\u27s harmful side effects in diabetic patients. According to the "Pioglitazone-induced kidney injury" prospective study. Out of 350 trial participants, prolonged pioglitazone use in diabetic patients has been shown to raise serum creatinine levels by up to 11%. Additionally, individuals who have been using pioglitazone for six to ten years are more likely to experience renal injury, with males in the 50–60 year age range being the most common victims.
Keywords: Pioglitazone, diabetic, prospective, tertiary care, hospital
Evaluation of Therapeutic Response Under Biologic Therapy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Get PDFBiotherapy has revolutionized the therapeutic management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy and tolerance of biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and conventional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs ( cDMARDs) used in RA.
It was a retrospective study covering 13 years at the level of the immunology unit of the UHU Hassiba Ben Bouali Blida and functional rehabilitation service of the CHU Frantz Fanon Blida. We identified 1866 records of patients with RA, 75 receiving biotherapy and 71 receiving conventional treatment. The therapeutic response was evaluated by the DAS 28-ESR (disease activity score based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and interpreted according to the EULAR (European league against rheumatism) judgements criteria.
A female predominance of 83%, the average age of RA patients was 49.3 ±13.42 years, the mean starting DAS28-ESR was 5.625± 1.4. 84% of patients initially received MTX (methotrexate) on the front line, the decrease in DAS28-ESR was non- significant, with patients exhibiting intolerance (41%), and (45%) ineffectiveness. The introduction of biotherapy mainly Actemra allowed a decrease of DAS28-ESR of - 1.842±0.3812, a significant decrease according to the criteria of the EULAR. Humira had an adverse efficacy and tolerance profile (including the occurrence of severe adverse effects (AEs)).
In conclusion, biotherapy is more effective than conventional treatments, while in terms of tolerance data are insufficient to make a judgment on it.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis – Biotherapy
Anti-hyperglycemic effect of two terpenoids isolated from Coula edulis on normoglycemic rats and in silico study of their potential inhibitors on α-amylase and dipeptidylpeptidase 4
Get PDFDiabetes causes many deaths around the world, making the search for treatments a real challenge. Plant secondary metabolites are promising candidates because they act as scaffolds in biological processes. This study investigates anti-hyperglycaemic effect of two terpenoids isolated from Coula edulis and in silico study of their potential inhibitors on α-amylase and dipeptidypeptidase 4. After extraction and isolation of the two terpenoids, their structures were characterized using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. Subsequently the anti-hyperglycemic effect was achieved following an overload of starch on the one hand and glucose on the other hand in normoglycemic rats. Each isolated terpenoids was tested at a dose of 3 mg/kg.bw, the same for the reference compounds (Acarbose and glibenclamide). Conformational site analysis and docking parameters such as binding energy, inhibition constant, interaction profiles with diabetes target residues (α-amylase and dipeptidypeptidase 4) were determined using AutoDock 4.2 and Discovery Studio visualizer. The results showed that the terpenoids isolated from coula edulis were Taraxerol and 3β-(Z)-coumaroyltaraxerol, each of its two terpenoids considerably decreased the blood sugar levels in rats after overloading of starch and glucose solutions respectively. Their effects were similar to the reference drugs. Furthermore, the in-silico approach showed that these compounds have good docking scores with α-amylase and with DPP4. Taraxerol exhibited a docking score more than three times than the acarbose docking score. Only 3β-(Z)-coumaroyltaraxerol reacts with at least one amino acid of the α-amylase catalytic triad (Asp 300). Both interact with histidine (His 740) of the DPP4 catalytic triad. In view of this results, taraxerol and 3β-(Z)-coumaroyltaraxerol have anti-hyperglycemic effects and are good candidates for the development of new multitarget antidiabetics.
Keywords: Coula edulis, RMN 1D and 2D, tarxerol, 3β-(Z)-coumaroyltaraxerol and Anti-hyperglycemi
Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin for Oncologic Pain
Get PDFIntroduction: The use of botulinum toxin for medical purposes has expanded nowadays through the extensive study of its complex structure and mechanism of action, highlighting its ability to inhibit the release of acetylcholine, and its impact on the chemical signaling cascade involved in different models of pain.
Objective: To evaluate the association of the use of botulinum toxin A with the reduction of pain in oncologic patients at Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México.
Methodology: A retrospective, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was performed. Data were obtained from patients attended during the period from January 1, 2022 to September 30, 2023 in whom botulinum toxin was applied as an adjuvant for pain management.
Results: Thirty-two patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. After the application of botulinum toxin there was a statistically significant reduction in pain, as measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Verbal Rating Scale. The degree of satisfaction after the application of botulinum toxin was measured by a Likert-type scale, and 68% satisfaction was found in the patients who underwent the onotoxin treatment.
Conclusions: The use of botulinum toxin proved to be an effective and safe therapy, complementary to the multimodal approach for the treatment of different pain patterns in oncologic patients. It can be considered as a pharmacological option for use in this group of patients.
Keywords: Oncologic pain, Pain management, Botulinum toxi
Histochemical Investigation of Exotic Weed Lantana camara Linn
Get PDFThe histochemical Studies of leaves, Root and Stem of Lantena camara Linn.(Verbenaceae) in Maharashtra. It is a annual shrub grown widely in different places of India. The species has been investigated for the phytochemical, anti-oxidant and antimicrobial Potential. This paper encompasses a comprehensive review on histochemical and Biological aspects of Lantena camara L. For histochemical studies the freehand sections of leaves, stem and root were taken and treated with respective reagent in localize component, viz. Starch, protein, tannin, saponin, fat, and alkaloids in the tissues.
Keywords: Histochemistry, Lantena, Alkaloids, Protei
Stability Study of a Formulation Based on Pineapple Juice and Hibiscus sabdariffa Concentrated Extract for the Preparation of Food Supplements
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of additives on the stability of a beverage based on pineapple juice and Hibiscus sabdariffa concentrated extract at room temperature. This beverage was intended to be used to formulate food supplements. Acidifier (citric acid), antioxidant (ascorbic acid) and antimicrobial (sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate) were added alone or in combination. Organoleptic, physicochemical (pH, titratable acidity and Brix degree) and microbiological characteristics were observed over a 21-day period. Beverages containing potassium sorbate (1 g/L) and sodium benzoate (0.5 g/L) were more stable over 21 days.
Keywords: dietary supplements, storage, bissap, extrac
Effectiveness of subcutaneous morphine in the treatment of pain crises in cancer patients
Get PDFObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous morphine for managing pain crises resulting from various causes in cancer patients attended by the Pain Clinic in the immediate care area of the National Cancer Institute in Mexico City.
Materials and Methods: This study was analytical, observational, retrospective, and descriptive. The oncology patients treated in the immediate care area for pain crises between August 1, 2020, and July 1, 2023, made up our study population. We documented the management of pain crises for patients who needed subcutaneous morphine treatment.
Results: Considering a reduction in Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score >30% as effective and a reduction <30% as ineffective, 566 patients didn’t require an additional dose of subcutaneous morphine to control the pain crisis; 11 patients reported a decrease of <30%. A total of 24 patients needed a second rescue. Among this group, only 5 responded well to the second morphine rescue; in the remaining 19 patients, the rescue was deemed ineffective if the NRS decreased by at least 30%. Only 5 individuals experienced moderate pain, and only one patient reported severe pain. The variables were compared using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test with significance <0.05. Consequently, it may be said that there is a statistically significant difference between the first and subsequent NRS values obtained.
Conclusion: For oncology patients treated by the Pain Clinic in the immediate care section of the National Cancer Institute in Mexico City, subcutaneous morphine is beneficial in managing pain crises of different origins.
Keywords: Morphine, Subcutaneous Pain crises, Efficacy, Numeric rating scal
Current Perspective in Mixed Pain
No full textPain is one of the 10 leading causes of medical consultation worldwide and is the alarm symptom of the organism in situations that threaten its integrity, however, when it becomes chronic, it loses its protective capacity and becomes, in many cases, the disease itself.
According to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) pain is classified as nociceptive, neuropathic and nociplastic. Mixed pain has been described years ago due to the coexistence of different types of pain.
We can conclude that we do not have a screening tool and/or treatment algorithm for mixed pain, so it is preferable that pain management begins with a rigorous assessment, using the latest available tools, followed by individualized evidence-based treatment with multimodal therapy when appropriate.
Keywords: nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, mixed pain