Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF METOCLOPRAMIDE RAPIDLY DISINTEGRATING TABLETS
Full text linkMetoclopramide an effective antiemetic; acting on the CTZ, blocks apomorphine induced vomiting. Rapidly disintegrating tablets of metoclopramide hydrochloride were prepared by mass extrusion technique using three different superdisintegrants Sodium Starch Glycolate, Avicel Ph 102, L-HPC. Pre-compression parameters and post-compression parameters were evaluated for all the nine formulations. Angle of repose and % compressibility showed good flowability in all the formulations. Weight variation was found within limits and drug content of all the formulations was found in the range of 9.700 mg - 9.925 mg in each tablet. The hardness of all the formulations was almost uniform and possessed good mechanical strength with sufficient hardness. The wetting time in all the formulation was fast. Formulations F3 containing sodium starch glycolate 10% & F6 containing Avicel ph 102 10% tablets disintegrated rapidly to release the drug. In vitro release studies revealed that 96% of drug releases from SSG, MCC (90%), and L-HPC (85%) for all the formulations were within 15 min. Based on above results, three formulations F3, F6, F9 were selected for stability studies these formulations showed not much variation in any parameter even after the period of 30 days, formulations F3, F6, F9 are found to be stable and retained their original properties. Thus, it may be concluded that formulation containing sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants is fulfilling all the parameters satisfactorily. It showed excellent in vitro disintegration, in vitro dispersion time, compared to other superdisintegrants. And the rapidly disintegrating tablets can be prepared by mass extrusion technique Â
MEDICAL DEVICE APPROVAL PROCESS IN JAPAN
Full text linkThe Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW or Koseirodosho in Japanese) is in charge of the pharmaceutical regulatory affairs in Japan. Formal approvals and licenses are required to marketing drugs in Japan which are obtained from the MHLW.  Japan’s Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) has set itself the challenging task of expediting patient access to novel therapies while ensuring these meet international standards of safety, efficacy and quality. One of the biggest hurdles for the government is the “drug lag†problem, whereby many new innovative medicinal drugs do not reach the Japanese market until several years after the United States (US) and Europe (EU). This delay is caused due to the obligation to perform clinical bridging studies in Japan hand since clinical data obtained in non-Japanese trials such as EU and US studies cannot solely be used to obtain market approval in Japan. Japan provides a public medical insurance system, which is carried on as a social insurance system covering all citizens. Through this insurance system, about 30% of the nation’s medical expenses are covered by public funds, and all prices for medicine, including medical compensation for doctors and prices for new drugs are substantially controlled by the Japanese government
FOOD ALLERGY: AN OVERVIEW
No full textoai:ojs2.jddtonline.info:article/1The immune system protects our body against pathogens and other foreign substances by producing a kind of glycoprotein known as immunoglobulin or antibodies from plasma cells or B-cells. Surveys show that about one-third of all adults believe they have food allergies. About 4-8% percent of young children are diagnosed with food allergies, most of which are evident in the first years of life and are often outgrown. A food allergy is any adverse reaction to an otherwise harmless food or food component that involves the body’s immune system. In others words, a food allergy is an immune system response to a food that the body mistakenly believes is harmful. Components of a food that trigger the immune system are called food allergens. Cows’ milk allergy appears to be among the more prevalent food allergies in infants. Eggs and peanuts are also common allergenic foods for infants, along with soybeans, tree nuts, fish, and wheat. Seafood allergies, especially to crustaceans (shrimp, crab, lobster) are also rather common among adults. The present review provides brief information about food allergy and allergic reactions, their types, symptoms and approaches for reduction
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROBALLOONS OF NORFLOXACIN
Full text linkThe present study involves preparation and evaluation of floating microballoons of norfloxacin for improving the bioavailability by prolongation of gastric residence time. norfloxacin, a sparingly water soluble drug, was selected and microballoons were prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method using Eudragit L-100 and Eudragit RS-100 in ethyl alcohol and dichloromethane organic solvent system. The formation of a sphere and hollow within the sphere was confirmed through SEM studies. The percentage of drug entrapment and recovery was found to be 75- 80%. The micromeritic properties indicated better flowability and packability of the spheres. The Buoyancy test showed good floatability of norfloxacin microballoons in the simulated gastric fluid for more than 12 h. In vitro dissolution profile showed prolonged release of drug from the formulations. Thus microballoons of norfloxacin with acrylic polymers prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion proves to be an ideal novel floating dosage form that is adaptable to any intragastric condition for controlled drug delivery and enhanced bioavailability.Keywords: norfloxacin, hollow microspheres, acrylic polymers, evaluatio
THIENOPYRIDINES: PLATELET ADP RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST
Full text linkAtherothrombotic disease is the result of atherosclerosis progression, and its clinical manifestations [acute coronary syndromes (ACS), stroke, etc). These events are mostly secondary to atherosclerotic plaque disruption and subsequent thrombus formation. Atherosclerosis prevention is mainly focused on the management of the so-called ‘cardiovascular risk factors’; whereas thrombosis-related complications are mainly prevented and/or treated by antithrombotic therapies. The central role of platelets in the pathophysiology of arterial vascular disease has focused attention on the development of effective platelet inhibitor modalities to mitigate the clinical consequences of atherothrombotic disease. Aspirin has been the mainstay; the thienopyridines provide new opportunities for those patients who are intolerant, resistant or have failed aspirin, and for those who can derive greater beneï¬t from combined therapy. Thienopyridines (ticlopidine, clopidogrel etc.) are a class of ADP receptor/P2Y12 inhibitors used for their anti-platelet activity. The co-administration aspirin-clopidogrel results in enhancement of platelet inhibition, since they act via different platelet receptors. This article reviews the current antiplatelet agents in ACSs and role of thienopyridines as antiplatelet agents in management
PHARMACOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION ON METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF Diospyros peregrina GURKE ON ALLOXAN INDUCED HYPERGLYCEMIA IN RATS
No full textDiospyros peregrina, commonly known as Kalatendu, is widely used in different parts of India for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of a methanolic extract of Diospyros peregrina leaves (DPLE) in alloxan diabetic rats. Hyperglycemia was induced by single intravenous injection of alloxan (70mg/kg body weight). The extract was administered orally at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, to normal and alloxan diabetic rats. No effect of the extract was observed in normal rats. Significant effect of the extract was observed in alloxan diabetic rats. Metformin was the reference drug used in the experiments. Glucose tolerance test was also performed. The studies indicate that the crude extract exhibited statistically significant antihyperglycemic activities in glucose tolerance test and alloxan induced diabetic rats
THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE OF Butea monosperma: A REVIEW
No full textButea monosperma (Palas) belonging to the family leguminaceae grown wildly in many parts of India. This herb is indigenous to India. The tree is found chiefly in the mixed or dry deciduous forests of Central and Western India. The plant is highly uses by the rural and tribal people in curing various disorders. Flowers are used as drug in many ailments like eye disease, chronic fever, enlargement of spleen, leucorrhoea, epilepsy, leprosy, Antifungal activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, Liver disorders antifertility activity and gout etc. The plant parts are used in the form of extract, juice, infusion, powder and gum. The present paper enumerates various pharmacognostic and pharmacological aspects of the plant. This review also summaries the therapeutic potential of this plan
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROPARTICULATE SYSTEM OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE
Full text linkAlbumin microspheres (AMS) have found many applications in the diagnosis and treatment in recent years and more than 100 diagnostic agents and drugs have been incorporated into AMS. In the present study Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) based microspheres bearing propranolol hydrochloride were prepared by an emulsion-internal phase stabilization technique. The prepared microspheres were studied for particle size distribution, drug loading, release characteristics, bioadhesion and in-vitro controlled diffusion across the rat intestine. The microspheres had mean diameters between 1-25 µm of which more than 50 percent were below 5 µm. The encapsulated drug was found to be about 9% w/w of that initially added to microspheres and the superficial drug was 25% of the total amount of the encapsulated drug. Also AMS were noted to possess good bioadhesion in such a way that about 70% of microspheres remained adherent on the surface mucosa of rat jejunum. The drug release from albumin microspheres was mainly controlled by diffusion and showed a biphasic pattern with a high initial release (burst effect), followed by a more gradual terminal release. The total amount of drug released from microspheres after 12h was 70%. In-vitro experiments on the rat intestinal segments revealed that the microspheres could effectively pass their content through intestinal membrane. Â