Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Alzheimer Disease: Cognizance and Potential Aspect of Disease Pathophysiology & Recently Developed Therapeutic Drug Strategies
No full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial neuron-degenerative old age disease which has no cure. AD causes degeneration of the neuronal cells in the brain which is the main reason of dementia, characterized by a decline in the thinking and independence in daily routine activities. In most of the cases, AD is suspected to be caused by a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors, affecting the brain over time. The currently approved therapy, which includes cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA-receptor antagonists and their combinations provides only temporary symptomatic relief. Nowadays, the clinical research is targeting on understanding of Alzheimer pathology1. These are targeting the abnormal tau protein metabolism, removal of beta-amyloid, inflammatory response, cholinergic neuron and free radical damage treatments which can either that stop or modify the course of Alzheimer. Global efforts are continued to identify new targets to develop novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer disease, Dementia, Drug therapy, Drug effect, Amyloid, Amyloid precursor protein, Tau proteins, Acetyl cholinesterase enzyme 
Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical and Pharmacy Graduates about Opioids Prescription and Dispensation in 2022 in Bamako, Mali
Get PDFOpioids are medications with analgesic properties used primarily as painkillers. Nowadays, off-label uses (non-medical use, prolonged use, misuse and use without a medical supervision) are common inducing drug dependence with harmful consequences including substance-induced psychosis or pharmacopsychosis. In a cross-sectional study from February to June 2021, we used a questionnaire to collect information on the knowledge of interns and doctors trained in the Faculty of Medicine and Dental Medicine and the Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Sciences, Bamako Techniques and Technologies (USTTB) on opioids in eight (8) public health facilities (5 university hospitals and 3 district hospitals) in Bamako. We analyzed the data with SPSS software version 25.0.
A total of 400 health workers participated in the study with 62.5% of medical students (250/400), 31.0% of pharmacy students (124/400) and 6.5% of general practitioners (26/400). More than 70.0% of our respondents were aware that there is a regulatory framework for prescribing and dispensing opioids in Mali. Level 2 opioids were dispensed in 29.0% of cases at the patient’s verbal request and 30.6% by telephone. However, level 3 opioids were dispensed in 0.8% of cases at the patient’s verbal request and in 3.2% of cases by telephone call. Medical students in 60.0%, pharmacy students in 64.5% and general practitioners in 50.0% had very good knowledge about the risks of opioid use. For 23.0%, general practitioners had at least a good knowledge of opioid indications. Participants had a good understanding of the risks and benefits of opioids.
Keywords: Attitudes, Knowledge, Opioïds, Mal
Advances in Mucoadhesive drug Delivery System: Enhancing Efficacy and Patient Compliance
Get PDFThe goal of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (MDDS) is to improve drug delivery effectiveness by adhering to the body\u27s mucosal tissues. The material used in this approach adheres to mucosal surfaces, including those in the mouth, gastrointestinal system, nasal passages, and vaginal walls. The most important goal is to extend the medication\u27s residence duration at the absorption site in order to improve drug absorption and provide a more regulated and prolonged release. Mucoadhesion refers to the adhesion between two materials, one of which is biological, through interfacial forces over an extended period. This characteristic provides an effective solution to challenges in traditional drug delivery systems, such as avoiding first-pass metabolism and facilitating localized delivery of biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides. It holds significant promise for delivering compounds via routes like ocular, nasal, vaginal, and buccal administration This study addresses the introduction, benefits, drawbacks, mechanisms, and theories of mucoadhesion in addition to polymer categorization, mucoadhesive dosage forms, assessment, and factors affecting mucoadhesion and several kinds of mucoadhesive dosage forms.
Keywords: Mucoadhesion, Theories, Mucoadhesive Dosage Form, bio adhesio
Adult Onset Still’s Disease in a Patient with Fever of Unknown Origin: A Rare Case
Get PDFAdult onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare clinical entity with unknown etiology, characterized by arthritis, fever, evanescent rash, and other systemic presentations. AOSD generally does not overlap with other rheumatic diseases. AOSD is a diagnosis by exclusion, and it is one of the common causes of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) which can be life-threatening if mistreated. Although steroids are the first line of therapy, about 20%-30% of patients are refractory, intolerant, and or relapse during tapering or upon discontinuation of steroids. There are no clinical guidelines in treating such patients, which is challenging.
Keywords: Still’s disease, arthritis, fever, auto-inflammator
Knowledge and perceptions about Cannabidiol use
Get PDFBackground: Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main cannabinoids present in the cannabis plant. The demand for CBD grew over time with more individuals consuming CBD products due to its potential therapeutic properties. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and perceptions of Maltese members of the public and health care professionals (HCPs) about CBD, one of the main cannabinoids present in the cannabis plant. Methods: Surveys aiming to assess the knowledge and perception of the public and HCPs about CBD were developed, validated and disseminated. Results: Four hundred members of the public and 150 HCPs completed questionnaires. Ninety-six percent of participants (n=384) agreed that CBD has a therapeutic effect. Respondents from the general public were mostly knowledgeable about CBD and its use, had positive perceptions in relation to CBD and like HCPs, feel more comfortable if CBD is recommended by HCPs. HCPs were not so knowledgeable about certain aspects on CBD. One hundred and twelve HCPs were not aware that there is only one FDA/EMA approved CBD-based product. HCPs would feel comfortable in prescribing CBD products for pain and insomnia and the majority of them (55%; n=83) believe that CBD has mostly an analgesic effect. Social stigma associated with the use of CBD and potential judgement of HCPs were barriers to CBD use. Conclusion: Increased research, knowledge and availability of prescribing information and guidelines related CBD use might lead to an increased willingness of HCPs to recommend CBD and lead to a decrease in potential barriers associated with its use.
Keywords: Cannabidiol, positive perceptions, pain and insomni
Comparative study of the chemical composition of the essential oils of the aerial part of Acanthospermum hispidium D.C. 1836 collected in three towns in Ivory Coast
Get PDFThis research work concerns the comparative study of the chemical composition of essential oils from the aerial part of the Acanthospermum hispidium plant collected in three towns in Côte d\u27Ivoire. The aim of this study is to enhance the value of aromatic and medicinal plants through the chemical analysis of essential oils (EO). The essential oils extracted using a Clevenger-type apparatus were analysed using several analytical methods, including Ir-GPC, MS-GPC and 13C-NMR. The results indicate that the essential oils of Acanthospermum hispidium are largely dominated by hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (69.2 to 72.9%). The majority compounds identified are (E)-β-caryophyllene (33.3 to 34.9%), α-bisabolol (6.5 to 9.9%), bicyclogermacrene (6, 3 to 9.5%), germacrene D (7.3 to 8.4%), α-pinene (4.6 to 7.9%), β-lemene (3.7 to 4.3%) and α-copaene (2.5 to 3.2%). The co-presence of these compounds with multiple pharmacological properties could justify the use of A. hispidium in traditional medicine in the treatment of various pathologies.
Keywords: Acanthospermum hispidium, chemical composition, essential oil, Ivory Coast
Comprehensive Investigation of Juniperus virginiana Essential Oil: GC/MS Analysis, Thermoanalytical Characterization, and Evaluation of Bioactive Potential
Get PDFDue to the ever-increasing unregulated antibiotic use, there have been increased risks of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Natural agents, their products, and derivatives have been used for centuries to cure a variety of ailments. In the present study, an attempt was made to explore the physiochemical properties of the CEO. GC-MS analysis was used to identify the volatile components present in the oil. Additionally, TGA and DSC analysis were carried out to understand the thermal properties of the oil. The oil was characterized by higher amounts of terpenoids. The essential oil has potent anticancer, cytotoxic, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory activity. This study concludes that the Juniperus virginiana essential oil could be used as a therapeutic agent.
Keywords: Anticancer, Antioxidant, Cedarwood, Cytotoxicity, Essential oi
Solubility enhancement of meloxicam by phospholipid complexation
Get PDFThe best solubility enhancement approach is phospholipids complexation. It has been effectively employed by a number of writers to enhance the permeability, oral bioavailability, and solubility of several medicinal substances. The meloxicam is a member of BCS Class II, and because of its poor solubility and high permeability, its clinical application may have been constrained. Therefore, it is necessary to use a method that modifies the biopharmaceutical features. In this work, meloxicam, an NSAID with demonstrated anticancer action, was combined with phospholipid to increase its solubility. Utilizing solvent evaporation, the meloxicam phospholipid complex was produced. Particle size, zeta potential, SEM analysis, in vitro drug release, and solubility were assessed for the produced complex. The results obtained in this study showed the smaller particle size in nanometer range and physical stability with desired zeta potential. Meloxicam\u27s prolonged release from the phospholipid complex is demonstrated by the in vitro drug release investigation. The apparent solubility analysis of meloxicam phospholipid complex. Pure meloxicam showed that the drug\u27s solubility was several times higher than that of the pure form. Hence in conclusion we can say that the phospholipid complexation could be the ideal method for solubility enhancement of drug like meloxicam.
Keyword: Meloxicam, phospholipid complex, solubility, drug releas
Formulating and evaluating a gel that contains Eletriptan-loaded transferosomes
Get PDFTransdermal-vesicular drug delivery systems offer various advantages over conventional drug delivery systems, such as bypassing first-pass metabolism, site-specific delivery, reduced dosing frequency, and more. The objective of the present research involves the formulation and in-vitro evaluation of Eletriptan transferosomal gel to reduce dosing frequency. Transferosomes act as vehicles for on-site drug delivery, and they are vesicular systems with a flexible membrane. By formulating this type, we can achieve a higher concentration at the site of action, thereby reducing dosing frequency.
Fourier-transform infrared spectra revealed that there was no interaction between the drug and excipients. Transferosomal formulations were prepared by the thin-film hydration technique and were incorporated into 1.5% Carbopol gel. From the results, Formulation code-ET6, containing Lecithin: Tween-80, has higher entrapment efficiency and maximum drug release, and is hence considered the optimized formulation. Stability studies performed for optimized transferosomal gel formulations indicate that the prepared transferosomal gel has more stability at a lower temperature.
The conclusion is that, based on the above data, it is confirmed that the prepared Eletriptan transferosomal gels can be considered as one of the promising approaches to reducing dosing frequency and maintaining drug concentration at the desired site for a longer time.
Keywords: Transdermal drug delivery, Eletriptan, Transferosomes, Thin Film Hydration Method, Carbopol gel
A Case Report of a Male with Systemic Lupus Erythematous with First Presentation of Annular Macular Itchy Rashes on his Extremities
Get PDFBackground: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an idiopathic autoimmune disease which impacts multiple organs and has various clinical presentations. Among all the organs, the skin is the most frequently affected.
Case Presentation: This case report presents a 34-year-old male who presented with severe, itchy, and painful rashes over his right arm and both legs, along with a history of pigmented skin lesions. Initially, the patient was given corticosteroid creams by a dermatologist, but the condition progressed, requiring further investigation. The patient\u27s medical history revealed hypertension and, on review, signs of rashes, fatigue, and arthralgias were noted.
Physical examination indicated mild swelling and tenderness in both knees. Additionally, an examination revealed his skin was warm, he had fast capillary refill (<2 seconds), and he had an erythematic rash on the right arm and both legs. A nodular erythema rash was seen on the left leg, along with pigmented skin lesions on the right leg, including a bigger lesion measuring approximately 2.5 cm. Laboratory results indicated increased creatinine, low white blood cell count, anemia, and abnormal protein levels, raising doubts about SLE. Further tests confirmed a raised level of autoantibodies, low complement levels, and positive lupus-related antibodies.
Later, the patient was referred to a rheumatologist and an SLE diagnosis was confirmed based on laboratory results and hematological manifestations, mucocutaneous involvement, and lupus nephritis. Treatment initially started with hydroxychloroquine and prednisolone, then tests were repeated and the patient underwent a renal biopsy that revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. He was again prescribed methylprednisolone and prednisolone for three days. The patient\u27s condition resolved and he made a successful recovery.
Conclusion: This case demonstrates the multiple clinical manifestations of SLE, the necessity of in-depth investigations, and the requirement for multidisciplinary care to address the intricacies of organ involvement in the disease