Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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A Basic Review on Hypertension, its Non-Pharmacological and Pharmacological Treatment
Get PDFHypertension (HTN) Is Prevalent Leading Health Issue Around the World. It is significant cause for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk factors? The term "high blood pressure" refers to hypertension. It is long term condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries continuously increased. Distribution of HTN in developed nation, in obese, elderly, pregnancy and now a day’s teenager is also affected. The pathological mechanisms involved in HTN are genetics, sympathetic nervous system over activity, gender differences, cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, obstructive sleep apnoea, racial and ethnic factors, and many others. it can be prevented by reducing salt intake, weight loss, exercise, smoking cessation. There are many drugs are available for the treatment of this and its combination therapy is more effective. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and current state of the disease\u27s management are covered in this study.
Keywords: Hypertension, cardiovascular morbidity, cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistanc
Synthesis and characterizations of Hg (II) Complex of Macrocyclic complexes compounds Tetradecahydrodibenzo hexaazacyclooctadecine with HgX2 (X= Cl, Br) by Hirshfeld analysis and antimicrobial activity
Get PDFThis study examines the synthesis and characterization of a macrocyclic complex molecule having the general formula [M-LX2], where M =Hg (II) with schiff base Tetradecahydrodibenzo hexaazacyclooctadecine ligands. Resulted from the interaction between mercury and the diethyl triamine and benzene- 1, 2 diol in an ethanolic solution. Schiff base and its novel mercury (II) Complexes were studied vibrational in the solid state using spectral, 1H-NMR, IR, UV, and antimicrobial activity approaches. We were able to establish the coordination mode of the metal in complexes by comparing the changes in the ligands\u27 and complexes\u27 FT-IR and UV-Visible spectra.
Keywords: MERCURY (II), Schiff bases, IR, 1H-NMR, PXRD Spectroscopy
Therapeutic potential of Nankhawah/Ajwain (Tracyspermum ammi Linn): A comprehensive review article
Get PDFBackground: Trachyspermum ammi Linn., commonly known as ajwain, is a widely recognized spice and medicinal plant originating from Egypt but cultivated across regions such as Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Belonging to the Apiaceae family, this species offers diverse pharmacological benefits due to its rich chemical constituents.
Objectives: This review aims to summarize the traditional and contemporary applications of Trachyspermum ammi, focusing on its ethnobotanical description, chemical composition, and pharmacological aspects.
Methodology: The literature search encompassed scientific databases and publications covering the historical usage, chemical profiling, and biological activities of Trachyspermum ammi.
Results: Trachyspermum ammi exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities, including antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, aphrodisiac, and anthelmintic properties. Traditionally, it has been employed to treat conditions such as flatulence, atonic dyspepsia, diarrhea, abdominal tumors, abdominal pain, piles, bronchial issues, lack of appetite, galactogogue, asthma, and amenorrhea as it possesses properties of Muhallil, Mudirr-i-Bawl-o-Hayd, Dafa e Tafun, Jali, Habis etc. Modern research supports these claims while also revealing its potential in treating kidney stones, abortion, and aflatoxin detoxification.
Conclusion: Trachyspermum ammi holds great promise as a natural resource for novel therapies, owing to its extensive array of bioactive components and established pharmacological effects. Further investigation into its mechanisms of action and optimization of extraction techniques could lead to more efficient utilization of this valuable medicinal plant.
Keywords: Ajwain, Nankhawah, Trachyspermum Ammi Linn, Mudirr-i-Bawl-o-Hayd, Hazim, Thymol, Appetizer
Management of Amenorrhoea (Ihtibas-al-Tamth) in Unani System of Medicine: A Review
Get PDFMenstrual patterns can be an indicator of overall health and self-perception of well-being. Amenorrhoea is the absence of menses in women of reproductive agewhich may be primary or secondary. Primary amenorrhoea refers to the absence of menarche at the age of 16 and secondary amenorrhoea is the cessation of menses for at least 6 months in already cycling women. Secondary amenorrhoea is more common than primary amenorrhea. Ihtibas al-Tamth (amenorrhoea) is defined in the Unani system of medicine as the absence of monthly bleeding for more than 2 months or a decrease in the quantity of menstrual blood. The etiologies of amenorrhoea may be considered categorically as outflow tract abnormalities, primary ovarian insufficiency, hypothalamic or pituitary disorders, other endocrine gland disorders, sequelae of chronic disease, physiologic, or induced. The causes of Ihtibas al-Tamth are related to Quwwat Dafia al-Badan, Madda and Johar Khun-i-Hayd, or Ala Makhraj -i-Hayd. Su’-i-Mizaj Barid, Yabis, Harr or Harr wa Yabis, Su’-i-Mizaj Maddi or Sada can lead to Du’f al-Quwwat-i-Dafia. Abnormality in quality and quantity of Madda in Su’-i-Mizaj Maddi can also lead to ihtibas al-tamth. Amenorrhoea is not a diagnosis but a symptom indicating anatomical, genetic and neuroendocrine abnormalities. It can be determined by two different groups of causes: (a) anatomical defects of the genital organs; (b) endocrine dysfunctions. Both congenital and acquired anomalies in the structure of the uterus and vagina could produce amenorrhoea; nevertheless, in most patients, amenorrhoea is related to an ovarian malfunction. Symptoms usually associated with amenorrhoea are headache, nausea, back ache and lower abdominal pain, tiredness, and some respiratory problems. Main principle of treatment includes Tawleed-i-Dam, Tanqiya-i-Akhlat Ghaleeza, Talteef-i-Khilt, Tafteeh-i-Uruq Raham and Tahzeel if obesity is the cause. Surgical intervention if hymen is imperforated. Some regimenal therapies are also beneficial in amenorrhoea, such as Fasd-i-Safin, Hammam-i-Murattib and Hijama-i-Nariya on calf area. Some Unani drugs, which are beneficial in amenorrhoea, are Habb-i-Mudir, Safoof-i-Baboona, Kushta Faulad, and Safoof Muhazzil. In the present scenario, it is utmost important to educate the patients to live a healthy and hygienic life and to avoid those factors which cause amenorrhoea.
 
Understanding Vitiligo: Causes, Diagnosis, Promising Advances in Treatment and Management and the Impact on Mental Health
Get PDFVitiligo is a chronic skin disorder characterized by the loss of pigmentation, resulting in white patches on the skin. The condition arises from the destruction of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives colour to the skin, hair, and eyes. Although the exact etiology of vitiligo remains elusive, it is believed to involve a complex interplay of genetic, autoimmune, and environmental factors.
This overview provides the key aspects of vitiligo, including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and current treatment approaches. The prevalence of vitiligo varies globally, affecting individuals of all ethnic backgrounds and age groups.
The autoimmune hypothesis proposes that the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks melanocytes, leading to their destruction. Triggering factors, such as oxidative stress, viral infections, and neural factors, may contribute to the initiation and progression of vitiligo.
Clinically, vitiligo can significantly impact the quality of life for affected individuals, both psychologically and socially. The distribution and extent of involvement vary, and the condition can affect any part of the body.
Various treatment modalities are available for vitiligo, ranging from topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors to phototherapy and surgical interventions. While these approaches may help to re-pigment the skin to some extent, there is no definitive cure, and the outcomes can be unpredictable. Ongoing research is focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying vitiligo and developing targeted therapies to address the root causes of the disease.
Keywords: Vitiligo, Autoimmune, Melanocytes, Pigmentation, Corticosteroids, Quality of life
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Case Report to Oral Acyclovir
Get PDFSJS/TEN is a rare, potentially life threatening, immune-complex-mediated cutaneous adverse drug reaction. Almost one-third of cases are idiopathic. This syndrome is associated with drug treatment as well as infectious agents, neoplasia, and connective tissue diseases. Here we report a 36-year-old male presenting with toxic epidermal necrolysis after 2 days of oral acyclovir.
Keywords: Toxic epidermal necrolysis; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; acyclovi
Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain with Neuropathic Component in a Pain Medicine Clinic in Mexico: Retrospective Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Low back pain is a common problem affecting millions worldwide. Even after surgical treatment some patients do not improve; others suffer from persistent radiculopathy. We define Complex Chronic Low Back Pain (CCLBP) as any low back pain that has lasted for at least three months and has at least two triggering pain mechanisms. Objective: To describe our experience with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy in managing CCLBP with a neuropathic component Methods: Quantitative, retrospective analysis from 57 medical records of patients treated with PRP for CCLBP. We used IBM-SPSS 21 to obtain descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Student T and Odds-Ratio. Results: The mean age of our sample was 59.8 (±14.4) years, with 6.51 (±8.7) years of pain and a follow-up of 9 (±12.2) months. 33.3% had lumbar surgery, 29.8% had lumbar trauma, 31.6% used a walking aid, 56.7% had MODIC changes on MRI, and 42% of them received intraosseous-PRP technic. 84.2% reported severe pain (VAS 8-10). The results showed that 96.5% of patients experienced some improvement after PRP treatment. Additionally, 10.5% experienced pain suppression. No significant differences in age, lumbar trauma, lumbar surgery, diseases, or the use of walking aids between patients who benefited from PRP treatment and those who did not. VAS after treatment shows significance (p<0.01) with 5.36±2.6 points. Subjects with less than five years of radicular pain had an improvement greater than 3 points on VAS (OR 7.38, IC95% 1.72-31.7). Conclusion: Autologous platelet-rich plasma injections for chronic low back pain with a neuropathic component are an effective alternative to address CCLBP’s current challenge. New studies with greater statistical power are necessary to make a statement of efficacy, but with the data obtained, it seems a promising option.
Keywords: Platelet-Rich Plasma, Low Back Pain, Radiculopathy, Intraosseou
The Vital Role of Pharmacists in Diabetes Self-care
Get PDFThe number of people affected by diabetes is projected to rise significantly by 2030. As of 2021, 537 million people were living with diabetes with the numbers projected to rise to 643 million by 2030. The growing number of patients living with diabetes means that the demand for care will likely go up. Healthcare providers provide diabetes care more so the regular follow-up required by patients living with the disease. They also work together with the patients in facilitating self-care. Diabetes self-care is instrumental for patients living with diabetes. It ensures patients achieve glycemic control and have a lower risk of having complications. However, for most patients, practicing self-care can be a challenge. Most lack the knowledge and skills that are required to practice self-care confidently. Involving healthcare providers in diabetes self-care can lead to better disease outcomes. Pharmacists can provide the regular follow-ups and other services that lead to effective self-care such as health literacy. Pharmacists-led diabetes management interventions have been shown to lead to good outcomes including better glycemic control and reduced likelihood of having high blood pressure. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore the role of pharmacists in diabetes self-care.
Keywords: diabetes, diabetes self-care, diabetes complications, pharmacists, glycemic contro
Method development and validation of a new stability indicating HPLC and LC-ESI-MS/MS methods for the determination of Tavaborole
Get PDFTavaborole, a topical antifungal agent containing Boron is used for the treatment of onychomycosis, an infection of the nail and nail bed caused by Trichophyton rubrum or Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection. Tavaborole is chemically known as 5 - Fluoro -1,3 - dihydro -2,1-benzoxaborol -1-ol. It acts by inhibiting Leucyl-tRNA synthetase an essential fungal enzyme required for protein synthesis. AB SCIEX Instruments LC-ESI-MS/MS (Model no. 5068379-Y) QTRAP Enabled Triple Quad 5500+ with Agilent Zorbox C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm x 3 µm) column and PDA detector was employed for the present study. The total run time was 10 mins and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. A mixture of 5 mM Ammonium formate: Methanol (30: 70) was used as mobile phase on isocratic mode with 1 ml/min as flow rate. Tavaborole has shown linearity over the concentration range 0.5-100 μg/ml and the proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method is found to be simple, precise, accurate and suitable for the quantification of the marketed formulations of Tavaborole. Stress degradation studies were performed and the method is found to be selective and specific.
Keywords: Tavaborole, Stability indicating, LC-ESI-MS/MS, Validation
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: A Review
Get PDFThe analytical technique known as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is incredibly precise and sensitive. It\u27s a really powerful tool. Detection, identification, and mass determination of components in the presence of additional components are carried out by mass spectrometry using sample eluents from liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Liquid chromatography is used to identify pharmaceutical medication components, intermediates, and related compounds for both quantitative and qualitative applications. Liquid chromatography is mostly used in-vitro dissolution, bioequivalence, bioavailability, and metabolite research. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry is also used in forensic labs, agrochemical firms, fundamental research, and the food industry. Applications, instrumentation, and the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry principle are covered in this review.
Keywords: Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Bioequivalence, Metabolite research