Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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From Cream Categorization to Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review of Cosmetic Innovations
Get PDFThe burgeoning concept of "Cosmeceuticals" represents a fusion of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, offering a novel approach to skin health and beauty. This review explores the diverse landscape of cosmeceuticals, emphasizing their categorization into skin, hair, and other cosmeceutical products. In particular, the article delves into the formulation and functionalities of skin care and hair care cosmeceuticals, shedding light on the intricate balance between pharmaceutical efficacy and cosmetic appeal. The exploration extends to the categorization of creams, a vital component of cosmeceuticals, emphasizing their role in topical drug delivery. The advantages and disadvantages of this delivery system are examined, providing insights into its unique attributes and challenges. Furthermore, the review investigates the physiology of the skin, crucial for understanding the efficacy of cosmeceutical products. A significant portion of the article focuses on the ingredients commonly used in skin creams, offering a comprehensive overview of water, oils, waxes, fats, and other key components. The discussion is extended to alternative medicines and creams for wound healing, incorporating insights from Ayurveda and contemporary medical formulations. Ayurvedic herbs, such as aloe vera, peppermint, and turmeric, are highlighted for their potential in promoting skin health and wound healing. The review concludes by addressing relevant methods of preparing creams for wound healing, emphasizing the importance of o/w and w/o emulsions. Additionally, key evaluation parameters for creams, including pH determination, physical appearance, and spreadability, are discussed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the quality and efficacy of cosmeceutical formulations. This review contributes to the evolving field of cosmeceuticals, offering a synthesis of pharmaceutical and cosmetic innovations that pave the way for advanced skin care practices.
Keywords: Cosmeceuticals, Skin care, Hair care, Topical drug delivery, Emulsion creams, Wound healing, Ayurvedic medicine
Iron Deficiency Anemia: Etiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Approaches
No full textIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common health problem that affects about 1.24 billion people around the world, mostly children and women of childbearing age. IDA happens when the body doesn\u27t get enough iron, loses too much iron, or can\u27t absorb it properly. This makes erythropoiesis, cellular metabolism, and immune function worse. The World Health Organization says that 40% of women who are pregnant and 32.5% of women who are not pregnant have anemia. People with IDA often feel tired, weak, pale, and have trouble thinking clearly. Lab tests, such as hemoglobin, blood ferritin, and transferrin saturation, are used to make the diagnosis. You can treat the condition in two ways: by taking iron supplements by mouth, such as ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate; or, for serious cases, by giving iron through an IV. Strategies for prevention depend on increasing the amount of iron you get from food, making it more bioavailable, and keeping infections under control. Food addition and fortification programs have been shown to help lower the number of people with IDA. However, problems still exist, especially in areas with poor economies. Recent advance in acknowledging how iron is used and controlled has implications for creating targeted therapeutic approaches. A key regulator of iron balance, hepcidin, is a key player in the pathophysiology of IDA. This review shows how complicated IDA is and how important it is to have treatment plans that consider underlying causes, dietary factors, and socioeconomic factors.
Keywords: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), Erythropoiesis, Hemoglobin, Nutritional Deficiencies, Neurological Disorders, Iron Supplements
Placental Adrenomedullin and Soluble Endoglin Expression in Preeclamptic Placentas
No full textAim: This study aims to evaluate the placental expression levels of two recently discovered proteins, adrenomedullin (ADM) and soluble endoglin (sEng), in preeclamptic pregnancies.
Materials and Methods: Placental tissue sections were obtained from 20 preeclamptic and 20 normotensive patients and processed for paraffin embedding. Hematoxylin-eosin and immunostaining methods were applied to the sections, which were then examined under a light microscope and photographed.
Results: In the preeclamptic group, more intense pathological changes were observed in placental tissues compared to the control group, including an increase in Hofbauer cells, degeneration, congestion, and hemorrhage in villous capillaries. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed sEng and ADM expression in both groups, with a concentration of these proteins in cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells. sEng expression was 34.83% in the control group and 49.22% in the preeclamptic group, showing a significant increase (p=0.000). ADM expression was 51.72% in the control group and 22.08% in the preeclamptic group, with a significant decrease observed (p=0.000).
Conclusion: We suggest that trophoblast cells play an indirect functional role in the development of preeclampsia or in response to the homeostatic disturbances it causes. We believe that further research is needed to obtain new findings that could support this hypothesis.
Keywords: Placenta, Umbilical cord, Adrenomedullin, Soluble Endogli
Development Pharmaceutics of Doxepin Hydrochloride Orally Disintegrating Tablets for Dosing Flexibility to Physicians and Patient Compliance
No full textAn attempt was made to formulate, evaluate and commercialize Doxepin Hydrochloride orally disintegrating tablets 3 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg. A direct blending and compression process by scale-up and scale-down approach / dose-proportional approach was followed to make the product. The excipients include 55% of Pearlitol Flash (Co-processed excipient of 80% D-Mannitol & 20% Maize Starch), 18% of Ludipress (Co-processed excipient of 93% Lactose Monohydrate, 3.5% Povidone K30 & 3.5% Polyplasdone XL), 0.2% of Peppermint Flavor 501500 TP0504, 0.4% of Sucralose and 1.4% of Magnesium Stearate. The composition and process was optimized as per IIG1 and SUPAC IR guidance document2. The final product exhibited rapid disintegration time complying with CDER’s guidance on orally disintegrating tablets3. The organoleptics of the final product was found acceptably flavored, exhibited smooth mouth feel and tasted pleasantly. Doxepin Hydrochloride is a BCS Class I drug (High Soluble and High Permeable) and accordingly the formulated ODT exhibited rapid disintegration and dissolution profile and hence qualifies for Bio-waiver4,5 The manufactured product was packed in both multi-dose bottle pack and special child lock enabled push-through provisioned unit dose amber colored PVC – ACLAR blister pack. The packed product was found to be stable for 6 months in ICH recommended accelerated stability storage condition at 40°C / 75%RH, hence qualifies for 2 years shelf life period at room temperature condition. The designed product was successfully commercialized under brand name InnAR-PZTM and found to be a cost-effective and differentiated alternative to tablet, capsule & oral liquid concentrate available in the market.
Keywords: Doxepin, co-processed excipients, direct blending, compression, orally disintegrating table
Feasibility of single low-dose olanzapine with triple antiemetic therapy for prevention of highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a single-centre case series
No full textBackground: Olanzapine works well as an antiemetic; however, it causes significant somnolence during the day and has additional side effects when used at a standard dose. Our goal was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of low-dose olanzapine in patients with different cancers following highly emetogenic treatment.
Patients and Methods: This study was a retrospective, single-centre study in an Indian comprehensive cancer centre. Eight patients between the ages of 46 and 70 receiving cisplatin, a high emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) drug, were chosen for different types of cancers and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance level of 0–2. Patients underwent chemotherapy after receiving a prophylactic low-dose oral olanzapine regimen (2·5 mg) in conjunction with a triple antiemetic treatment. In the overall phase (0–120 hours), complete response (CR) and complete control (CC) were the major endpoints. The secondary outcome assessed safety according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V5.0 (CTCAE V5.0).
Results: All the studied patients were reported to have CR and CC. According to CTCAE v5.0, adverse effects grades varied from 0 to 1.
Interpretation: According to this study, prophylactic single low-dosage olanzapine (2·5 mg) was effective enough to prevent vomiting and nausea and reduce the incidence and severity of side effects in patients undergoing HEG; therefore, it should be deemed a new benchmark of care.
Keywords: Olanzapine, Cisplatin, Chemotherapy, Complete Control, Complete Respons
Development and Characterization of Thermoreversible In-situ Gel Containing Curcumin Nanoparticles for Nasal Delivery: Design, Ex-Vivo Study
Get PDFThe present study aimed to develop and evaluate thermoreversible in situ nasal gel containing Curcumin nanoparticles. Curcumin nanoparticles were prepared by the ionic gelation method. These formulations were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, particle size, zeta potential, and In vitro drug release. Particle size and zeta potential of F1 formulation were found to be 299 nm, 0.1 mV, and entrapment efficiency was found to be87.2%. From the formulations, F1 shows maximum amount of drug released in a sustained manner for a prolonged period time. Hence F1formulation was selected as optimized and further used for thermoreversible in situ nasal gel by using 2×2 factorial designs. The thermoreversible nasal gel was evaluated for the gelation temperature (33˚C), viscosity (10550cps) and spreadability (17.29±0.3 gm*cm/sec). Further, the prepared gel (F1G3) was evaluated for ex vivo permeation study for12 hours and it shows maximum amount of drug release in a controlled manner. The % CDR of thermoreversible in situ gel formulation F1G3 was found to be 86.27% which follow the Higuchi model. The \u27n\u27 value of the formulation was found to be more than 0.5. This indicate that the release approximates the non-fickain diffusion mechanism.
Keywords: Curcumin nanoparticles, Carbopol 934, PF127, Thermoreversible in situ gel, Cold method, Nasal delivery
Superporous Hydrogel: A Novel Approach for Safe Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System
Get PDFSuperporous hydrogel are developed initially as novel drug delivery system to retain dosage form in upper gastrointestinal tract, and absorbs drug in gastric medium. The generation-based classification of superporous hydrogel is covered in this review. The hydrophilic polymer networks formed by the molecular entanglements which absorb water up to thousands of times to their dry weight. These systems swells quickly and resist in an extremely acidic condition in stomach. This hydrogel is instantly swell through capillary force which is driven by absorption of water through an open porous structure. This system provides better solubility and bioavailability by targeting the specific site of absorption. The conventional superporous hydrogels have the poor mechanical strength which is overcome by developing the second superporous hydrogel generation composites and the third-generation superporous hydrogel hybrids. This article has mainly focused on the classification, techniques, drug loading, research papers, characterizations and applications of superporous hydrogel.
Keywords: Gastric retention, Cross-linking, Superporous hydrogel, Swelling rate, Elastic property, Hydrophilic polymer networks
The Correlation Between Stigma and Mental Health Disorders in People Living with HIV/AIDS
Get PDFStigma remains a significant challenge for people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA) despite the advances that have been made in HIV care and treatment. It is known to affect health care outcomes including care seeking habits and medication adherence. In addition to contributing to poor health outcomes, stigma is known to increase the risk of developing mental health disorders. Various researchers have found a correlation between stigma and mental health disorders including depression, anxiety, mental distress, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and suicidal ideation. The aim of this review is to explore the association between stigma and mental health disorders in PLWHA. It identifies common mental health disorders found in people living with HIV and how these disorders are linked to stigma. The review also identifies how stigma and mental health disorders affect healthcare outcomes of PLWHA. The review concludes by providing a number of measures that can help to end stigma and improve overall health outcomes of PLWHA.
Keywords: stigma, HIV-related stigma, HIV/AIDS, mental health disorders, people living with HIV/AID
Concept of Cosmetology and its Historical Background in Unani Perspective
Get PDFUnani physicians have paid great attention to the use of cosmetics since very ancient times. Around 4000 BC first archaeological evidence of cosmetics usage was found in ancient Egypt. The use of perfumes, oils, burning of aromatic incense, copper eye shadows, lamp black for eyes and dying of hairs red were in practice by ancient Egyptians. Unani literature is very rich in cosmeceutical formulations taking care of appearance and dealing with cosmetic diseases in humans. In Unani classical text like Kitab-ul-Mansoori, Al-Hawi-fil-Tib, Kamil-us-Sana, Al-Qanoon-fit-Tib, Zakheera-e-Khwarzam Shahi, the details of cosmetics are mentioned under the headings of Tazeeniyaat. This systematic review can be concluded that various cosmetics and cosmeceuticals prevailing in contemporary era may have been introduced or inspired by these physicians. There are several single drugs or compound formulations described in Unani classical text. Unani cosmetics can be a very good choice owing to their range, low cost and safety and can also be incorporated as an adjuvant in several contemporary preparation. There are several Unani cosmeceuticals are described in unani classical text like Solid Cosmeceutical (Ghaza, Ghaliya, Kajal), Semi-solid Cosmeceutical (Tila, Zimad, Ubtan) and Liquid cosmeceutical (Ghusool, Pashoya).
Keywords: Unani Medicine, Cosmetics, Cosmeceuticals, Tazeeniyaa
A Rare Presentation - Case Report on Tubercular Cold Abscess
Get PDFTuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous infection that is quite common and a threat to many developing countries. However, extrapulmonary cases involving tubercular skin and soft tissue abscess formation are rare, accounting for 1 or 2% of cases of Mycobacterium TB infections with skin and soft tissue involvement. The typical extrapulmonary tuberculosis symptoms and indications are nonspecific, making diagnosis difficult and time-consuming. We present a case of right arm tubercular cold abscess in a child related to mycobacterium tuberculosis, which was diagnosed by Ziehl- Neelson stain FNAC (Fine needle Aspiration cytology) and Mantoux test (18mm) induration. Due to its rare manifestation, it often gets misdiagnosed or overlooked. A proper diagnosis will ensure a proper treatment plan. Our case further depicts the collaborative effort of healthcare professionals. The patient came back complaining about the increased swelling in his right arm.
Keywords: Tubercular Cold Abscess, Ziehl- Neelson, Fine needle Aspiration cytology, Mantoux test, Mycobacterium Tuberculosi