Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Efficacy of majun e khabsul hadeed in iron deficiency anemia in reproductive age group: A randomised control study: a randomised control study.
No full textBackground and Objectives: Iron deficiency is a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. Women of child bearing age are at high risk. In India incidence is 74% and prevalence is 30%. The goals of treatment are to restore changes in hemoglobin levels, red cell indices and peripheral smear. Aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of majune khabsul hadeed in iron deficiency anemia in women of reproductive age group.
Methods: A randomised standard controlled study, 60 patients were randomly allocated to test and control groups. Majune khabsul hadeed 5grams in test group and capsule fefol 1 in control group were given once daily for 3months. Subjective parameters viz. pallor, loss of appetite, reduced exercise capacity and fatigue were assessed at every follow up. Red cell indices, as objective parameters were assessed before and after treatment.
Results: Significant changes were observed in subjective parameters with p<0.001 at each assessment in both groups. On intergroup comparison there were no significant difference with p>0.05 except for reduced exercise capacity and fatigue. Objective parameters significantly improved in both groups after treatment with p<0.001. Five (16.7%) and 4(13.3%) patients were among responders, 10(33.3%) and 14(46.7%) partial responders and 13(43.3%) and 12(36.7%) non responders to treatment in test and control groups respectively. On intergroup comparison, there was no significant difference with p >0.05 suggesting that both groups had similar effect.
Conclusion: Majune khabsul hadeed is as effective as capsule fefol in the management of iron deficiency anemia in women of reproductive age group.
Keywords: Iron deficiency anemia; majune khabsul hadeed; women of reproductive age; RBC indices
Bacteriological profile in patients with cesarean infection at Ruhengeri level two teaching Hospital
Get PDFBackground: A cesarean infection is a referral hospital acquired bacterial infection that occurs after deliver by cesarean section which could be emergency or elective. As highlighted by the various researchers that the infections following a cesarean delivery, which some people call a C-section, are common. The wound coming into contact with bacteria or other harmful microbes is a common cause of these infections. The main objective of this study was the assessment of bacteria isolated from cesarean infection patients attending Ruhengeri level two teaching hospital.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted and total of 30 wound swabs of cesarean were collected from inpatient of Ruhengeri level two teaching hospital.Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 20).
Results: The results showed that the most predominant bacteria isolated from patients with cesarean infection was S. aureus (28.1%) followed by S. pyogenes (18.8%), K. pneumoniae (18.8%), P. aeruginosa (12.5%), S.epidermidis (9.4%), E. coli (6.3%) and P. mirabilis(6.3%). Antibiotics sensitivity test was performed, so this study showed the predominant antibiotic which were sensitively to different bacteria were Chloramphenicol, Gentamycin and Norfloxacin and most bacteria were resistance to Rifampicin and Vancomycin.
Conclusion: This study has shown that there are many bacteria that may be isolated in cesarean infection. It has also shown that some of the isolated bacteria were sensitive and other were resistant to Rifampicin and Vancomycin. The study recommends that Rwandan government should create more clinical microbiological laboratory, in Rwanda, in order to minimize the antibiotic resistance and also on the side of health care providers, especially at Ruhengeri level two teaching hospital, they should use the experienced workers in order to minimise the risks of getting caesarean infection and also to recommend the patients taking care their wound.
Keywords: Cesarean infection, Bacteria, Antibiotics, Bacteriological profil
Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Secondary Metabolites and Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Buchanania lanzan Leaf Extract
Get PDFThe most prevalent digestive condition in clinical practice is peptic ulcer. It should be regarded as a superior choice for the treatment of peptic ulcer given the numerous side effects of contemporary medicine, the initial acquisition of fewer side effects, and the therapy of indigenous substances. Throughout most of India\u27s deciduous woods, Buchanania lanzan (B. lanzan, Chironji, Achar, Anacardiaceae) is a significant non-wood tree species. B. lanzan is a commonly used plant that has been used for many years in traditional medicine to treat a variety of illnesses. Thus, the goal of the current investigation was to assess the hydroalcoholic extract of B. lanzan leaves antiulcer properties in rats. The established test procedure described in the literature was used to determine the quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids as well as the qualitative analysis of different phytochemical constituents. Rats with pylorus-ligated peptic ulcer models were used to test the hydroalcoholic extract of B. lanzan leaves\u27 in vivo anti-ulcer activity. The volume and pH of stomach fluid, free acidity, total acidity, ulcer index, and percent inhibition of ulcer index were among the outcome indicators that varied based on the model. An initial phytochemical examination indicated the existence of flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, alkaloids, and tannins. The leaves hydroalcoholic extract had a total phenolic content of 32.5 mg/gm, with flavonoids coming in second at 27.60 mg/gm. In rats with pylorus ligation-induced ulcer models, additional hydroalcoholic extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg/p.o. significantly (p˂0.01) decreased the gastric volume, pH, ulcer number, ulcer index, free acidity, and total acidity. The results of this investigation verified that B. lanzan extract, because of one or more of its secondary metabolites, possesses pharmacologic activity that is anti-ulcer. This study thus supports the use of it in Indian traditional medicine as an anti-ulcer agent. It is necessary to conduct additional research to isolate particular phytochemicals and clarify their mechanisms of action.
Keywords: Buchanania lanzan, Phytochemical constituents, Antiulcer, Pylorus ligation, Peptic ulce
Triple Fixed-dose combination of Dapagliflozin, Sitagliptin, and Metformin for People with Type 2 Diabetes in Indian Settings
Get PDFObjective: This study assessed the bioequivalence of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapy containing extended-release Metformin (Metformin XR), Dapagliflozin, and Sitagliptin for treating type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective was to compare the absorption rate and extent of the FDC with two reference products: Sitagliptin 100mg tablets (R1) and a combination of Dapagliflozin 10mg plus Metformin 1000mg extended-release tablets (R2) in healthy adult males under fed conditions.
Methods: An open-label, randomized, cross-over study was conducted with 24 healthy male participants. Each participant received a single dose of the test FDC and the reference products, with blood samples collected over 72 hours to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-inf, Tmax, Kel, AUC_% Extrap_obs, and t1/2). Bioequivalence was determined based on the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios for AUC0-t and Cmax, within a predefined range of 80.00%-125.00%. Safety and tolerability were also assessed.
Results: Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on 22 subjects. The geometric mean ratios for the FDC compared to the reference products were within the predefined bioequivalence range, indicating that the absorption profiles of the FDC and the reference products were similar. The mean plasma concentration-time curves for Dapagliflozin, Sitagliptin, and Metformin XR were almost identical between the FDC and reference products, demonstrating consistent drug release and absorption. No significant differences were observed in Tmax, t1/2, or other pharmacokinetic parameters, further supporting bioequivalence. Additionally, the FDC was well-tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported, and all subjects completed the study without complications.
Conclusion: The study confirmed that the FDC of Dapagliflozin, Sitagliptin, and Metformin XR is bioequivalent to the reference products in healthy adult males under fed conditions. This bioequivalence supports the use of the FDC as an effective treatment option to improve glycemic control in adults with T2D, particularly in the Indian context, promoting the benefits of combined therapy in managing diabetes.
Keywords: Bioequivalence, Fixed-dose combination (FDC), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), Pharmacokinetics, Dapagliflozin, Metformin XR, Sitaglipti
Enhancing Quality of Life in Venous Ulcer Patient with Irsal-e-Alaq (Hirudotherapy): A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: In general practice, venous ulcers (stasis ulcers) are the most common and recurrent leg ulcers. Ignorance of it can have a severe detrimental effect on one\u27s quality of life, cause gangrene, and even the limb amputation. Venous ulcers are the most dangerous and disabling side effect of chronic venous insufficiency. Leech therapy seems to be effective for the treatment of varicose ulcers due to its salivary secretions which it injects during bloodsucking. The saliva of leeches contains certain biochemical with vaso-dilating, anticoagulant, anesthetic, thrombolytic, antibiotic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. As a result, Irsal-e-Alaq (Hirudotherapy), one of the Unani regimens, can effectively control it. Objective: The purpose of this case report is to provide insight into the effects of Irsal-e-Alaq (Hirudotherapy) on venous ulcers. Intervention: A 60-year-old male has a complaint of ulceration in his left lower leg near the medial malleolus with swelling, pain, discharge, and darkening of the skin of the left lower limb. Four leeches were applied once every week for 2 months. Efficacy of leech therapy was assessed on every 15th day by pain /leg discomfort on 4 point scale ranging from 0-3, limb girth at calf, ankle & foot, pigmentation color on 4 point scale, pigmentation area, pain in ulcer on 4 point scale from 0-3, ulcer depth, PUSH Score. Hb% was assessed every 15th day to check anemia, colour flow Doppler was done to assess any change in vein anatomy. Result: In this case report, the ulcers were completely healed, and also showed remarkable improvement in other variables. Conclusion: Irsal-e-Alaq has been proven beneficial in treating venous ulcers and enhancing patient’s quality of life.
Keywords: Venous ulcer, Hirudotherapy, Unani Medicine, Pain, Pigmentation
Contamination patterns of the neonatal equipment, major microorganisms, and effectiveness of disinfection procedures including refurbished UV C lights at the University Teaching Hospital of Butare (CHUB)
Get PDFA contaminated environment plays a significant role in transmitting hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) but regular chemical disinfection is the backbone for tackling this chain of transmission and the combination of both UV lights may increase the effectiveness of cleaning. This study assessed the effectiveness of chemical disinfection, with and without additional UV light exposure, in reducing bacterial contamination in a Neonatal unit. Therefore, interventions consisted of usual chemical disinfection with and without a 2-hour exposure to Ultraviolet light from refurbished UV lamps. Researchers swabbed high-touch surfaces and equipment before and after disinfection to identify bacterial presence. They found that 36.4% of the sampled sites showed bacterial growth, with the nursing trolley being the most contaminated. The most common bacteria isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae (50%), which, along with other bacteria, displayed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics like Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid and Cefuroxime. Only Meropenem and Amikacin remained effective. The study concludes that despite chemical disinfection, bacterial contamination remains significant, and conventional UV light alone did not completely eradicate bacteria, highlighting the need for more effective disinfection strategies.
Keywords: Neonatology Service, University Teaching Hospital of Butare (CHUB), hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), disinfectio
Investigation of effect of complexing agent and processing method on solubility of Efonidipine: Solubility enhancement of Efonidipine
No full textNanosponges are versatile carriers due to their exceptional capability to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, taste masking and enhancement of stability. This study investigates potential of nanosponges, prepared by crosslinking β-cyclodextrin with diphenyl carbonate in 1:4 ratio for enhancing solubility of Efonidipine. Nanosponges were characterized in terms of particle size. Phase solubility studies and solution state interaction studies were employed to understand the nature and strength of drug: nanosponge complexation. Complexes were prepared by kneading method and spray drying. Saturation solubility, in vitro dissolution studies and molecular modeling studies were performed. Complexes were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy, X ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy. Phase solubility studies revealed 1:2 complexation between drug and carriers. Saturation solubility studies showed significant solubility increase with both beta CD and nanosponges. The increase was higher in case of spray dried complexes in all media. An 18 fold increase was observed in case of spray dried complexes in distilled water. DSC and PXRD confirmed amorphization of drug in the complexes. Thus solubility enhancement of EFD could be attributed to complexation and amorphization. Molecular modeling studies revealed the mode of entrapment of efonidipine in the carriers. In conclusion the versatility of nanosponges in encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules holds immense promise for personalized medicine and targeted therapy, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. Moreover, the study introduces the efficacy of spray drying as a scalable and practical approach to maximize the solubility-enhancing benefits of nanosponges. This research highlights the potential of nanosponges to overcome a fundamental challenge in pharmaceuticals, opening new avenues for drug delivery and therapeutic advancement.
Keywords: Nanosponges, β -cyclodextrin, inclusion complexes, solubility enhancement, molecular modellin
Gastroretentive Swellable and Floating Systems: An Innovative and Promising Strategy for Drug Delivery-A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFGastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDs) have emerged as an innovative and promising approach for enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of drugs with narrow absorption windows in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Among various GRDDs, swellable and floating systems have garnered significant attention due to their ability to prolong gastric residence time, improve drug dissolution, and facilitate sustained drug release (SDR). This comprehensive review provides a detailed exploration of the principles, mechanisms, and advancements in swellable and floating Gastroretentive systems. The key strategies, such as the use of hydrophilic polymers, gas-generating agents, and superporous hydrogels, are discussed. These systems offer benefits in treating conditions like peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and infections, where prolonged localized drug action is desirable. A critical assessment of recent preclinical and clinical studies highlights the therapeutic potential of GRDDs in optimizing drug delivery for poorly soluble drugs and drugs with short half-lives. Challenges such as variability in gastric retention, potential toxicity of excipients, and patient-specific factors are also examined. It includes the outlining future trends in GRDDs, focusing on the incorporation of nanotechnology, 3D printing, and biocompatible materials to overcome existing limitations and further enhance therapeutic outcomes. This highlight of review article is initially introduction of GRDDs and their significance, mechanism and their classification of GRDDs, intermediately describe brief on swelling and floating GRDDs system with their application, lastly it describes the recent advances in patent, clinical trials and marketed products for GRDDs swellable and floating system.
Keywords: Drug delivery; GRDDs; floating; swellable; gastroretentive; system; advance approac
Evaluation of the protective effect of Nigella sativa oil’s unsaponifiable fraction in carbon tetrachloride-kidney damage model
Get PDFBackground/Aim: Kidney diseases is a global public health problem. This study was conducted to evaluate the renoprotective effect of the total oil’s unsaponifiable fraction (UF) of a medicinal plant called Nigella sativa.
Methods: The extraction of unsaponifiables from the total seed oil of the medicinal plant Nigella sativa was carried out according to the standardized methods of the European Pharmacopoeia (Edition 5.0). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is known to induce kidney toxicity. Acute poisoning of Male albino rats with 1:1 (v/v) mixture of CCl4 and olive oil (3 ml/Kg b.w. of rat by subcutaneous injection) induces considerable kidney pain.
Results: Nigella sativa UF is found to be rich in tocopherols, its administration as a curative or preventive treatment to poisoned animals results in a very significant reduction in renal markers (CREA, URE). Histological study shows that kidneys are in better condition than those of intoxicated rats.
Conclusion: Measurable biological evidence has been given to the use of such extract as effective substance against kidney diseases.
Keywords: CCl4, Renoprotective activity, Nigella sativa, total oil, Unsaponifiable fractio
Unani Regimenal Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis (Waja ‘al Rukba): A Comprehensive Scientific Assessment
Get PDFPain in the joints has been a common and serious health issue for a long time. In Unani medicine, both inflammatory and non-inflammatory joint problems are grouped under the term "Waja‘al-Mafāṣil," which means joint pain. Osteoarthritis, based on its symptoms, is very similar to a condition in Unani medicine called Waja‘al-Mafāṣil Balghamī. One of the most common types of osteoarthritis is Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA), which is known in Unani medicine as Waja‘al Rukba. This chronic and painful condition is usually treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but these drugs can have many side effects. In contrast, the Unani system of medicine uses a more comprehensive approach to manage osteoarthritis. Waja‘al Rukba is managed with Istefragh (evacuation) followed by Tadeel Mizaj (rejuvenation), Taqwiyat (strengthened) and Taskeen (pain is relieved). Istefragh is achieved using specific Unani herbal treatments, like Munzij-Mushil Therapy followed by Tadeel Mizaj using various techniques, including Ḥijāma (cupping), Dalk (massage), Ta‘līq al-‘Alaq (leech therapy), Ḥammām (Turkish Bath), Takmeed (fomentation), Naṭūl (irrigation), Qay‘ (vomiting), and Ḥuqna (enema). Taskeen and Taqwiyat are achieved using either medications or these modalities. This overview focuses on Waja‘al Rukba and its Regimenal management.
Keywords Ilājbi’lTadbīr, Osteoarthritis, Unani, Waja ‘al Rukba, Waja‘al Mafāṣil