Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Anti-epileptic activity of casticin phytoconstituent from Vitex negundo on validated animal model
Get PDFThis study investigates the antiepileptic potential of the methanolic extract of Vitex negundo leaves in seizure models induced in mice using lithium-pilocarpine, maximal electroshock (MES), strychnine, picrotoxin, and pentylenetetrazol. The extract demonstrated a protective effect against seizures induced by MES and enhanced the efficacy of standard anticonvulsant drugs against chemically-induced seizures. The results suggest that the flavonoids present in the methanolic extract may exert their antiepileptic effects by modulating GABAergic pathways and blocking sodium (Na⁺) channels in a dose-dependent manner. These findings highlight the potential of Vitex negundo methanolic extract as a promising therapeutic candidate for epilepsy treatment.
Keywords: Vitex negundo, methanolic extract, maximal electroshock (MES), antiepileptic, animal models, GABAergic pathwa
Formulation, Development and Evaluation of Perampanel Oral Dispersible Tablets Utilizing Screening of Additives
Get PDFThe mouth dissolving tablets are prepared and formulated utilizing different additives like plasticizers, polymers and other bulk forming agents. There are many different batches are manufactured and tested for their evaluation parameters like disintegration test, dissolution test, content uniformity test and weight variation tests. The many bateches are tested and one of the optimized batch is selected for pharmacological action and marketing purpose. The analytical method was developed as according to calibration curve.
Oral dispersible tablets of perampenal have been prepared and formulated utilizing xanthen gum and super disintigrant sodium crosscarmilose and sodium starach glycolate with crospovidone with multi-stationary punching machine. The phosphate buffer is also utilized for mainting buffer pH of the intestine. The natural polymers are preffered as compared to synthetic polymers. The different batches of tablets have been prepared and evaluated with official dissolution time, disintegration time, weight variation and content of uniformity tests and unofficial firability testing with Roche friabilator and hardness or tensile strength of the the prepared tablets with Pfizer hardeness tester.
Keywords: Perampanel, xanthen gum, crosscarmilose, crosspovidone, sodium starch glycolate, mouth dissolving tablet
Why do they use bhat chew sticks? An experiment to demonstrate the antihyperglycemic activity of Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn.
No full textIntroduction: The rise in blood glucose than the recommended level is called hyperglycemia, mainly caused by diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is in turn a consequence of decreased insulin secretion or action or both. This experiment is intended to evaluate the effect of Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn. (bhat) chew sticks in controlling diabetes in humans. Method: The fasting blood sugar was measured twice with the help of a glucometer. First, all participants were requested to measure their blood sugar on an empty stomach in the morning without using a bhat chew stick. The next morning, their fasting plasma sugar was again accessed after the use of the bhat chew sticks as a toothbrush. The fall in blood sugar value was recorded and the efficiency of the stimulus was tested using student t-test at α level of significance and n-1 degree of freedom. Result: A total of 27 individuals participated in the study and all responded to the stimulus. A fall in blood glucose was observed between 3-59 mg/dL and the response was not found to be significant at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: Rural people use chew sticks as toothbrushes and prefer C. infortunatum twigs to control diabetes. The present experiment shows that bhat lowers the blood sugar level in both diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. However, chronic impacts should also be monitored by conducting large-scale studies on humans to establish proper dosage, indications, and side effects of C. infortunatum.
Keywords: Clerodendrum infortunatum, diabetes, hyperglycemia, random blood sugar, chew stick
Comparative Dissolution Studies on Various Brands of Telmisartan Tablets
No full textBackground: Telmisartan’s low solubility limits its bioavailability, leading to poor dissolution, reduced efficacy, and decreased patient compliance. This study assesses the dissolution and quality control of various commercially available 40 mg telmisartan IP tablets, all marketed as bioequivalent.
Methods: The study analyzed various marketed formulations containing Telmisartan. Both the marketed products and Tazloc were evaluated through dissolution studies (drug release), with drug quantification performed using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (Jasco UV-730) at λmax values of 291 nm and 296 nm.
Results: Tazloc demonstrated a drug release of 65% in 60 minutes in pH 1.2 HCl, outperforming other commercial tablets. In comparison, Brand A, Brand B, and Brand C each showed less than 60% release within the same period. Additionally, Tazloc exhibited the highest release—over 10% more than the other brands—in pH 4.5. In vitro release studies in pH 6.8 revealed that Tazloc achieved 95% release in 60 minutes, while Brand A, Brand B, and Brand C reached 91%, 82%, and 62%, respectively. Similarly, in pH 7.5 phosphate buffer, the cumulative drug release after 60 minutes was 99% for Tazloc, followed by 96% for Brand A, 94% for Brand B, and 93% for Brand C.
Conclusion: Tazloc, utilising ODCA technology, exhibits superior dissolution and solubility compared to conventional brands, ensuring enhanced bioavailability and optimal blood pressure control, leading to improved patient outcomes.
Keywords: cumulative release, dissolution, ODCA, patient compliance, quality
Introduction about Global infectious disease and use of nanotechnology
No full textInfectious diseases, including COVID-19, malaria, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), pose significant threats to global health. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these diseases. This review highlights the applications of nanotechnology in combating infectious diseases. Nanoparticles, such as metallic nanoparticles, liposomes, and quantum dots, have been employed in the detection and treatment of infectious diseases. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have improved the efficacy and reduced the toxicity of antiviral and antibacterial drugs. Additionally, nanotechnology has enabled the development of point-of-care diagnostics and vaccines for infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of the current state of nanotechnology in infectious disease management and highlights its potential to revolutionize the field. By leveraging the unique properties of nanoparticles, nanotechnology can provide innovative solutions for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases, ultimately improving global health outcomes.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Infectious diseases, COVID-19, Malaria, Tuberculosis, HIV/AID
Exploring the Psycological Effects of Formoterol Fumarate and Budesonide Inhaler: A Case Study on Induced Depression
No full textA patient with a longstanding history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presented with significant weight loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, and sleep disturbance persisting for 15 days, alongside a rapid weight loss of 15 kg in 10 days. Initial evaluations revealed bilateral pleural effusion, complicating her clinical picture. Despite no prior psychiatric history, a psychiatric evaluation indicated severe sleep disturbances, reduced food intake, and pronounced fatigue, leading to a diagnosis of depression. The patient\u27s regular treatment included an inhaler containing formoterol fumarate and budesonide for 35 years. Notably, the inhaler’s long-term use may have contributed to her depressive symptoms. Emergency treatment involved intravenous administration of normal saline with multivitamins, pantoprazole to manage potential gastrointestinal complications, and a multivitamin and multimineral syrup. Psychiatric management included sertraline, an SSRI, to ameliorate depressive symptoms and zolpidem for sleep disturbances. This multidisciplinary approach resulted in significant improvement. Upon discharge, the patient was stable and prescribed a regimen including sertraline, pantoprazole, mirtazapine, zolpidem, and multivitamins to support her long-term recovery and well-being. The case underscores the potential for inhaler-induced depression in patients with COPD and the importance of a comprehensive treatment plan.
Keywords: Depression, Adverse event of inhaled drugs, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Weight los
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Bryophyllum pinnatum
Get PDFBryophyllum pinnatum, a renowned medicinal plant with a rich history in various traditional medical practices, has been utilized for treating a range of ailments such as fever, smallpox, otitis, cough, asthma, headache, convulsion, and general debility. The plant\u27s diverse secondary metabolites, including steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids, bufadienolides, proteins, peptides, vitamins, and polysaccharides, have been identified. Over the past thirty years, extensive research has unveiled the plant\u27s pharmacological effects both in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating its antimicrobial, anti-ulcer, antihypertensive, antileishmanial, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory properties.
This comprehensive review aims to provide a consolidated overview of Bryophyllum pinnatum, encompassing its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological studies. By presenting a wealth of information, this paper seeks to inspire further exploration into the potential beneficial applications of the plant. Additionally, it sheds light on the clinical uses and prospects of Bryophyllum pinnatum, offering valuable insights for future research endeavors.
Keywords: Bryophyllum pinnatum, Chemical Constituent, Biological activities, antioxidant effect, Therapeutic potentia
To Carry Out Anti-Arthritic Activity of Combination of Quercetin and Curcumin Using FCA (Freund’s Complete Adjuvant) Induced Arthritis in Laboratory Rats
Get PDFTo investigate anti-arthritic activity of Quercetin and Curcumin in Freund\u27s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis in rats. AA was induced by injecting with Freund\u27s complete adjuvant (FCA). Rats were randomly divided into six groups with 10 mice in each group: (1) Normal group (saline), (2) Vehicle control, (3) Leflunomide (LF, 10 mg/kg), (4) Curcumin (80), (5) Quercetin (40), (6) Curcumin (80) + Quercetin (40). Male SD rats were subjected to treatment with Lut at 10 mg/kg from days 18 to 24 after immunization. Arthritic scores, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), paw histopathology and the proteins of P2X4 pathway were assessed at the end of the experiment. Lut reduced the severity of arthritic scores during the experimental period as compared with positive control (RA). Lut significantly suppressed TNF-α and IL-1 as compared with RA group. Histopathological examination indicated that Lut alleviated infiltration of inflammatory cells and synovial hyperplasia as well as protected joint destruction. Lut significantly suppressed inflammatory cells, and Caspase-1p10. Quercetin and Curcumin may be a potential preventive or therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammation and arthritis.
Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, anti-arthritic activity, Quercetin, Curcumin, Freund\u27s complete adjuvant (FCA), Leflunomide, histopathology
Unani perspective of Saffron (Crocus sativus Linn.) beyond a spice
Get PDFBackground: Saffron is a significant medicinal herb that has a lot of potential for use in the development of new drugs. Since ancient times, saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has been associated with various health benefits in various parts of the world. Some of these applications have been overlooked over time. However, interest in naturally occurring active compounds has rekindled interest in saffron\u27s past applications and the best applications for saffron today can be aided by knowing its various historical uses. It was prized as a culinary spice as well as a perfume, color, and medicinal herb. It was used medicinally in many different cultures to treat a wide range of ailments, from genitourinary to eye problems. In many countries, it was also used as an antidepressant and tonic substance.
Objective: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the traditional and modern uses of Crocus sativus, with particular attention to its chemical makeup, pharmacological characteristics, and ethnobotanical description.
Methodology: Scientific databases and publications about the chemical profile, biological activity, and historical use of saffron were included in the literature search.
Results: Saffron is bitter, acrid, fragrant, stimulant, tonic, stomachic, aphrodisiac, anodyne, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, diuretic, laxative, galactagogue, and helpful in treating bronchitis, vomiting, fever, melancholia, hepatomegaly, etc. it is widely used in alternative medicine, such as the Unani System of Medicine, Ayurveda, and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Saffron has been the subject of numerous phytochemical and biochemical studies due to its extensive use in traditional medical systems. These studies have revealed that saffron contains a number of constituents, including crocetin, safranal, and crocins, the latter of which is primarily responsible for pharmacological actions.
Keywords; saffron, medicinal herb, unani medicine, crocetin, safranal, emmenagogue
Outbreak Over Monkey Pox Virus in Human: Immediate Countermeasures from the Endemic to Non-Endemic Regions
Get PDFA zoonotic orthopoxvirus called human monkeypox has symptoms that resemble smallpox. When people come into contact with diseased animals, they may unintentionally contract monkeypox. According to reports, the virus can also spread through close physical contact, such as skin-to-skin contact or sexual contact, respiratory droplets, and by household items like towels and blankets. There are numerous medical countermeasures on hand for orthopoxviruses like monkeypox. Monkeypox, which originated in western and central Africa, has lately been found in a integer of nations, counting Spain, Canada, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates. Despite its extremely low incidence rate, it nonetheless poses a serious concern that needs to be addressed as soon as possible because of the strong likelihood that it will spread to many other nations. Outside of endemic areas, the danger of monkeypox transmission in medical settings is not well known. One recorded instance of transmission was found after a quick assessment of the literature from 2000 to 2022, which also included cases outside of areas where monkeypox is endemic. It is unusual for monkeypox to recur in non-endemic nations. It is a zoonosis that can extend from animal to human and from human to human, and it has clinical characteristics comparable to smallpox. The latest outbreaks may be attributed to lowered resistance to the orthopoxviruses, movement of people from widespread to non-endemic areas, hereditary alterations in the viral genome, and diminished observation. Transmission and pathogenicity could be avoided with the use of a multifaceted strategy that includes health education, monitoring human mobility, the development of diagnostic tools, and an efficient vaccination.
Keywords: Monkeypox, Outbreak, Orthopoxvirus, Epidemiology, Vaccination, Virology, Public health, Preventive measure