Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
Not a member yet
4948 research outputs found
Sort by
Effects of oxycodone hydrochloride on reproductive functions in male wistar rats
Get PDFDrug iatrogenicity is a constantly evolving phenomenon, affecting several therapeutic classes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of prolonged administration of oxycodone hydrochloride, a central analgesic, on reproductive functions in male rats. Materials and methods: three groups of 5 rats each were created; distilled water 0.5 ml/100g, oxycodone hydrochloride 5 and 10 mg/kg. The different products were administered orally daily for 30 days. The variables studied were: animal behaviour, prostate, testicular and epididymal weights, spermogram parameters and hormonal biomarkers (FSH, LH and testosterone levels).
Results: behaviorally and morphologically, the results obtained show that oxycodone hydrochloride at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg causes stiffness of the animals\u27 tails, priaprism and atrophy of the prostate, testicles and epididymis, of which intensity was dose-dependent. On spermogram parameters, oxycodone hydrochloride caused a significant decrease in sperm motility (p<0.001) and in the number of normal spermatozoa (p<0.05). Administration of oxycodone hydrochloride to rats significantly decreased testosterone levels (p<0.05) and an increase in LH levels.
Conclusion: Oxycodone hydrochloride, administered to animals at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, causes morphological disturbances of the gonads and related structures, spermogram parameters and gonadal hormones.
Keywords: oxycodone hydrochloide, spermatic and hormonal parameters, gonads, ra
Prevalence of Malaria among Children in urban area at Byahi Health Center, Rubavu District, Rwanda
Get PDFBackground: Malaria is one of the most public health and life-threatening parasitic infections caused by the protozoan parasite. Since children are immunologically naive to the malaria parasite, they are the main vulnerable groups to be affected by malaria.
Aim: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of malaria among children in urban area at Byahi Health Center, Rubavu district.
Methods: Cross-sectional study was used to achieve the objectives. To obtain the information regarding social demographic characteristics, written questionnaires in native language were distributed to caregivers. Blood smears were collected and sent to laboratory department for analysis. Data were analyzed using Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS).
Results: Among 50 children who participated in the study, the majority were males over females with 58% and 42% respectively. The prevalence of malaria among children in urban area was higher with 30%. Among the participants, children of age range 1-5 years shown a high prevalence of malaria than those of 5-8 months with 13 and 2 positive cases respectively and children of 1-5 years old was statistically significant with a p-value (p 0.027).
Conclusion: After getting the results above, we have seen that children from urban area are affected by malaria with the overall prevalence of 30%. There is a need of improving and rechecking the existing malaria in children, prevention and control measures of the country. Byahi health center should create awareness about the importance early malaria checkup recommended reducing malaria infection. The parents are recommended to protect their children and district leaders should make researcher in others school. It must be reported to Ministry of Health that malaria infection mostly affects children.
Keywords: Malaria parasite, children, blood smear, Plasmodiu
A Review of Antiulcer Activity of Some Medicinal Plants: A Review of Antiulcer Activity of Some Medicinal Plants.
No full textPeptic ulcer is a gastrointestinal disorder and with increased prevalence. Peptic ulcer is breaking of endothelial lining of stomach and exposing underlying tissues. Peptic ulcer occurs due to high secretion of acid and reduced defensive factors in stomach and duodenum. It is imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and Helicobacter pylori infection also increases the risk of peptic ulcer. Indiscriminate use of synthetic drugs leads to adverse effects and concomitant use of antibiotics potentiates drug-drug interaction thus search of drugs from natural sources especially herbs is need of hour. several herbal medicines have been evaluated for its antiulcer efficacy using several ulcer inducing models in laboratory animals. Present study aims at review of gastroprotective and ulcer healing potential medicinal herbs and compilation of data. This article is only restricted to antiulcer efficacy of the medicinal plants. This review presents information about the anti-ulcer efficacy of medicinal plants and various antiulcer models used to screen them.
Keywords: Peptic ulcer, Gastric ulcer, Gastroprotective activity, Phyllanthus urinaria, Adiantum lunulatum, Ulcer healing activit
Study of xymedone release from hydrogels with zinc oxide nanoparticles
No full textIn this work the approaches to assess of the xymedone release from hydrophilic gels with zinc oxide nanoparticles were proposed using a vertical Franz diffusion cell at 37 ℃. A partial validation protocol included the varying of the membrane polarity (lipophilic or hydrophilic cellulose acetate), the acceptor chamber volume (4,35 mL or 12,71 mL), the gel composition (with or without zinc oxide nanoparticles), as well as the metrological characteristics for the xymedone assay when it was released through the membrane in a Franz cell. It was estimated that the Franz cell with the volume of 12,71 mL, and the lipophilic membrane made it possible to estimate the amount of xymedone released with less error (RSD no more than 2%). We showed that the xymedone immobilization into zinc oxide nanoparticles increased the efficiency of xymedone release from the hydrophilic gel by 30%. The xymedone release through the both hydrophilic and lipophilic membranes is described by a pseudo-second-order equation that typical for desorption process from the polymer matrix. The proposed partial validation protocol to assessing the drug release using the Franz cell can be useful for selection of optimal composition of dermal topical dosage forms with hydrophilic pharmaceutical active substances.
Keywords: hydrogels, release, xymedone, zinc oxide nanoparticles, partial validation protoco
Preparation and Characterization of Prednisolone Containing Nanoparticles for Treatment of Colon Disorder
Get PDFThe point of flow research work is planning and portrayal of prednisolone containing nanoparticles by spray drying process using regular, semi engineered and manufactured polymers for treatment of colon problem. The pre-arranged Nanoparticles were assessed for Surface morphology, Medication entanglement effectiveness, differential filtering colorimetry, molecule size, Fourier change infrared spectroscopy, in-vitro drug release and X-beam diffraction studies. The pre-arranged Nanoparticles are smooth in surface and showing circular shape. The normal molecule sizes of the nanoparticles were tracked down in the scope of 523 nm to 901 nm. The medication exemplification effectiveness (EE) of the steroid containing nanoparticles were tracked down in the scope of 82.21%to 89.30%. Here the medication encapsulation efficiency of arranged nanoparticles were expanded with expansion in the fixation of the polymer. The X-beam diffractogram of drug has shown trademark serious top between the 2ө of 19.67 and 30 because of its translucent nature. Where as in the event of medication free Nanoparticles, no extreme pinnacles connected with drug. In drug stacked Nanoparticles peaks were saw between 2ө of 29.67 and 49. The in-vitro drug discharge information of the multitude of definitions were viewed as zero request and shown supported discharge over a time of 24hour.The FTIR Spectra of Nanoparticles detailing are contrasted and the spectra of unadulterated medication, there is no much deviation in the spectra\u27s and not noticed any medication and polymer communications. The brief time frame dependability investigation of streamlined plan has done and exposed to sedate epitome effectiveness and In-vitro drug release studies, where results shown that there is no huge change in the detailing.
Keywords: Polymer, Steroids, FTIR, X-Ray, Prednisolone
Virtual design and screening of new (+)-catechin derivates N- and/or S-heterocyclic fragment for anti-malarial and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities by In silico simulation
Get PDFHemisynthesis makes it possible to improve the activity or reduce the toxicity of a biocompound by modifying or adding peripheral groups. Catechin present in different plant species was known for its moderate anti-malarial and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. The aim of this work was focused on the identification of new compounds with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 and/or anti-malarial activities, evaluated through In silico simulation. A polyphenol pharmacophore model, based on (+)-catechin (1) was virtually constructed using previously reported inhibitors. N- and/or S-heterocyclic fragments were inserted on the backbone of (+)-catechin and 12 pharmacophore hypotheses were studied. This study targeted 3 proteins biologically responsible for SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 7JYC, 6M0J, and 6HZD) and one protein responsible for malaria (PDB ID: 3SRJ). Molecular docking had shown that the new catechin-aldehyde candidates have good Ligand-Protein affinity in terms of free energy compared to the study reference Narlaprevir and Artesunate for SARS-CoV-2 and malaria respectively. Theoretically, most compounds didn’t show toxicity except compounds 2a, 2i, and 2k, exhibiting hepatotoxic activity. Molecular dynamics was used to prove and assess their binding stability to the target protein for each activity. The 3SRJ-2f and 6HZD-2l structures were selected for anti-malarial and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity respectively. The 3SRJ-2f and 6HZD-2l complexes showed stable interactions to 100 ns between the inhibitor fragments and the residual amino acids of the protein. To conclude, these novel compounds are probably to become promising lead molecules for the development of effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 and/or anti-malarial of all drugs.
Keywords: Catechin, Anti-malarial, Anti-SARS-CoV-2, Docking and Dynamic Molecular, ADMET Analysis
Cross-contamination Risk Assessment using FMEA tool
Get PDFIn pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities, products with different therapeutic properties and potencies are manufactured in shared spaces, which poses a potential risk for cross-contamination. During the manufacturing process, cross-contamination may occur due to the uncontrolled release of dust, gases/vapors, mix-ups with other materials, residues on equipment, and contamination from operator’s clothing. By implementing adequate facility design and manufacturing operations aligned with Quality Risk Management principles, the risk of cross-contamination can be controlled. If a shared facility is used for manufacturing pharmaceutical products, strategic controls for identifying and managing the risks of cross-contamination should be in place. This article provides a structured and systematic framework for the risk-based identification of the worst-case product and manufacturing process among the products manufactured in the solid oral facility, addressing the high risk of cross-contamination.
Keywords: Cross-contamination, Contamination, Risk Assessment, Formal risk assessment, Quality Risk Management (QRM), Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA), Oral Solid Dosage (OSD), Worst case, Contamination Control Strategies (CCS
Management of Hand Eczema with Unani Medicine: A Case Study
Get PDFBackground: Eczema, is a common chronic skin condition that can lead to recurrent infections and poor quality of life if left untreated. This paper presents the case of a 30-year-old male patient, who came to the outpatient department (OPD) of the Kashmir Tibbia College Hospital and Research Centre, Shilvath, Bandipora, Kashmir, India. Clinical presentation: His chief complaints were lesions on the palm of his left hand for one year. The patient also complains that his skin is black and thickened with severe itching on the affected area. Diagnosis: The patient was diagnosed clinically with hand eczema resembling Nar-e-Farsi in the Unani system of medicine. Interventions: For 30 days, Marham Kafoor was topically applied twice a day at a dose of 8-10 gm. Outcome: The patient was assessed before, the 15th day and 30th day of treatment based on the EASI, POEM, and VAS. Results: After the intervention, significant improvement was observed in all scales from baseline to 30th day. EASI changes from 18 (moderate) to 5 (mild), POEM changes from 19 (severe) to 7(mild), and VAS from 8 (severe) to 1 (mild). Conclusion: Marham Kafoor has been proven beneficial in treating hand eczema and enhancing patients\u27 quality of life
Keywords: Eczema; Marham Kafoor; Unani Medicin
Formulation and Evaluation of Acyclovir Loaded Transferosomal Gel for Transdermal Drug Delivery
Get PDFBackground: A carrying structure for targeted transdermal drug delivery is a transferosome. These unique liposomes are made of an edge activator and phosphatidylcholine. The most common antiviral drug is acyclovir, a synthetic nucleotide nucleoside analog derived from guanine. It works well to cure the varicella-zoster virus and the virus that causes herpes simplex (HSV), primarily HSV-1 and HSV-2. But its skin permeability is minimal. Therefore, this work aimed to use transferosomes to prepare acyclovir so that it could pass through the skin\u27s barrier function.
Objective: This study uses a 32-factorial factorial design to develop a transferosomal gel containing acyclovir through thin-film hydration method for painless acyclovir delivery services for skin disease treatment.
Material and Methods: The independent variables are the amount of phospholipid (X1) and tween 80 (X2), while the dependent variables are particle size (Y1) and percentage entrapment efficiency (Y2). To create an ideal formulation, the produced transferosomes were assessed for particle size, in vitro drug release amount, and entrapment efficiency (EE%). A Carbopol 934 gel basis was prepared using the optimized acyclovir transferosome formulation, and its drug concentration, pH, spreadability, viscosity, and stability were assessed.
Results: With small particles ranging from 176.6 to 324.4 nm, the produced acyclovir transferosomes had a high EE% range from 66.34 to 76.42 %. According to the in vitro release study, there is a negative correlation between in vitro release and EE%. The formulation TF5, including 1%w/w of carbopol 940, provides a superior profile of drug absorption in vitro. Consequently, acyclovir can enter the skin as transferosomes and cross the stratum corneum barrier.
Conclusion: Acyclovir can be transformed into a transfersomal gel, which will improve antiviral efficacy, get over the skin\u27s protective layer, prevent adverse oral reactions, and eventually improve patient adherence.
Keywords: Transferosome, Transdermal drug delivery system, Acyclovir, 32 Fractional factorial design, Carbopol 93
Current practices in the veterinary use of antibiotics in poultry laying hens in Friguiagbé (Guinea)
Get PDFThe use of antibiotic molecules on poultry farms, while justified by their efficacy, must be carried out rationally, as their uncontrolled use modifies the ecology of bacteria and thus contributes to the selection of multi-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to carry out a descriptive survey of antibiotic use on laying hen farms in the sub-prefecture of Friguiagbé (Kindia). To achieve this, surveys were carried out among veterinary service managers, poultry farmers and sales outlets. At the end of our work, we identified the existence of two (2) veterinary pharmaceutical supply establishments. Establishments selling veterinary medicines revealed that Tetracycline is the most widely marketed antibiotic family. The most widely used antibiotic molecules are Tetracolivit and Oxytetracycline (26%); Neoxyvital (13%); Alfaceryl and Panteryl (8%); Limoxin (5%); Enrofloxacin, TTS, Colisol and Amoxillin (3%), which are used either for preventive or curative purposes.
Keywords : Antibiotic molecules, poultry farming, laying hens, Guine