Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Traditional Plants Based Treatment for Kidney Stones: Insight into Herbal Drugs
Get PDFThe deposition of hard crystals created by mineral or salt buildup in the urine canal leads to kidney stones, a frequent urinary tract issue. Urine flow obstruction and excruciating discomfort can be caused by kidney stones. Numerous processes can lead to oxidative stress, which raises the probability of kidney stones developing. The inflammatory response that results from kidney stones forming exacerbates oxidative stress further, creating a vicious cycle. This urological condition, which affects both male and female populations, is becoming more widespread worldwide. Planning the volume of urine produced is a crucial stage in the elimination of kidney stones. Surgery such as shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopy (URS) is used to treat conditions when the stone has ceased passing through and is causing excruciating discomfort. Because of their medicinal and antioxidant properties, as well as their active substances, medicinal plants have positive benefits on human health. Regrettably, end-stage renal disease is frequently the consequence of side effects brought on the traditional medications used to treat nephrolithiasis. Kidney stones can be avoided by controlling nutrition intake, medication usage, and diet. Agents that are urolithotriptic are medicinal herbs. Examining the natural plants that are utilized to treat the illness is the goal of this review. Finding natural plants that can be used to cure kidney stones was made easier by this review.
Keywords: Kidney stones, Urolithiasis, diuresis, herbal drug, calcium oxalate ston
Community Pharmacist Perception and Practice of Herbal product in Eastern Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textObjectives: Herbal Products (HP) are commonly utilized for both medicinal and preventative purposes, however, there is a rising concern about their efficacy and safety in contemporary medical practice. The study aims to determine the perception and practice regarding HP among community pharmacists in Eastern Nepal.
Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted in the Jhapa, Morang, and Sunsari districts of Eastern Nepal. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to assess pharmacists\u27 perceptions and practices regarding herbal remedies.
Results: Pharmacy personnel from 246 community pharmacies participated in the study, in which the majority were male (78.9%), and had more than 3 years of experience (57.7%). 47.2% of respondents had shown a positive perception towards HP, whereas only 25.6% of respondents demonstrated good practices regarding herbal items at their pharmacy. Cough preparations (45.9%) and general health tonics (26.4%) were the most sold HP. Most participants (69.5%) believed HP is safe and effective, with 76% recommending the need for proper regulation. A significant number (84.1%) reinforced incorporating HP subjects in the pharmacy curriculum. In terms of practice, over half (51.2%) of pharmacy personnel sometimes dispensed HP, with 87.4% advising consumers on their use. A pharmacist perception was associated with pharmacy practice experience (p=0.020), and practice was linked with age, with better practices seen in those with age ≤30 years (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The study concludes that most community pharmacy personnel had poor perception and infrequent practice of herbal products in their pharmacy. The study recommends strict quality control, education, and regulation of herbal products to safely and effectively integrate HP in community pharmacy settings.
Keywords: Herbal products, Ayurvedic product, Community Pharmacist, Complementary and alternative medicine, attitudes, Practic
Fulvic acid transdermal patch: Its properties, optimization and release
Get PDFThere is a high demand for the design of fulvic acids (FA) transdermal patches being natural biologically active substances with a wide action. The difficulties in FA transdermal patches creating are due to the peculiarities of FA obtaining with high purity and solubility, the existence of many several polymorphic forms, as well as the problems of their insertion into dosage forms. In this work, we modified the FA isolation as water-soluble polymorph. This operation allowed us to reduce the impurities in the product, to optimize the formulation of the emulsion-based transdermal patches, to provide a quantitative assessment of FA release. Data of IR, 13C NMR, AAS, ICP-AES-spectra, direct and reverse titration of carboxyl groups and phenolic hydroxyls, potentiometry, molecular weight determination by cryoscopy (M.m=740 g/mol), fluorescent analysis, solubility (3.3 mL of water per gram) confirmed the receipt of the desired polymorph. Optimization of the transdermal patches formulations by Response Surface Methodology and release evaluation and kinetics mathematical modeling using a Franz cell showed the preferences of Pluronic Kolliphor p237 as a transcutant. The obtained water-soluble FA can be used as a potential component of transdermal patches with controlled release parameters.
Keywords: fulvic acid, transdermal patches, pluronics, releas
The Impact of the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program on Antibiotic Use, Resistance Patterns, and Cost in Madinat Zayed Hospital
Get PDFAntimicrobial resistance and excessive antibiotic usage are a growing public health concern. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) aim to optimize antibiotic use and curb resistance. This retro-respective study evaluated the impact of an ASP at Madinat Zayed Hospital, Abu Dhabi (January 2021-December 2022). It analyzed electronic health records to assess the ASP\u27s impact on antibiotic consumption, resistance patterns, and economic outcomes. Patients from intensive care units, medical wards, and outpatient settings were included, though patients admitted to obstetrics/gynaecology, paediatrics, neonatal intensive care, and surgical wards were excluded. The primary objective of this study was to report on the ASP experience and measure the prescribing appropriateness percentage of empirical antibiotic therapy along with the de-escalation of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, after ASP implementation at Madinat Zayed Hospital in Al Dhafra Region, United Arab Emirates. The secondary objectives were to reflect on the rate of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs), total utilization using defined daily dose, and the total direct cost of antibiotics. Descriptive analysis, proportions, mean values, and percentage changes were employed for data analysis. The ASP achieved high compliance rates with restricted antibiotics (>90%) and approved guidelines (inpatient 97-100%, outpatient 93-98%). Antibiotic de-escalation rates were also high (>80%). Significant reductions in use were observed for cefixime (91.3%), levofloxacin (46.3%), and several others. Notably, cefepime use increased (1137.5%). Direct antibiotic expenditure decreased by 2% (saving Dhs2.6 million), and resistance decreased in some bacteria. However, a concerning rise in ceftazidime resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified. This study concluded that the implementation of a new Antimicrobial Stewardship Program at Madinat Zayed Hospital demonstrated effectiveness in promoting responsible antibiotic use. The program achieved high compliance with restricted antibiotic use and approved guidelines, leading to significant reductions in overall antibiotic consumption.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, resistance, Multidrug-Resistant Organisms, de-escalation, consumptio
Bioanalytical Method Development and Validation and forced degradation of Sitagliptin and determination of Pharmacokinetic application study in Human Plasma by RP-HPLC method
Get PDFIn the present investigation, an attempt was made for the development, validation, forced degradation and pharmacokinetic application of sitagliptin in the human plasma spiking studies by UV - HPLC method. The experimentation was developed based on the extensive literature survey and ascertained by the statistical parameters of the sampling. A simplified, accurate method was created by the liquid chromatographic system from Shimadazu LC 20AD consisting of manual injection. The optimized chromatogram was obtained with acetonitrile in the isocratic mobile phase method at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. A thermo C-8 column (4.6X250mm,5μm) was used as a stationary phase, and 265.0nm was selected as the detection wavelength with the aid of a UV-Vis detector. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The technique was linear in the range of 10-50μg/mL with correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9746, respectively. Recovery studies postulated that % RSD 19.14, 3 & 9.95 respectively. Injection repeatability values were found to be % RSD 17 & 10.63 for intraday and interday, respectively. Stress degradation studies revealed that sitagliptin degrades more rapidly when subjected to 0.1 NaoH. Human plasma spiking studies reported 3.02 ng/mL at 3.02+/-60 min of C and T max, respectively.
Keywords: Sitagliptin, Method development, HPLC, Validation, Stress degradation studies, Human plasma spiking studie
Management of Dubayla al-Kabid (Liver abscess) in Unani medicine: A review
Get PDFDubayla al-Kabid (Liver abscess) is a condition in which collection of pus occurs in the liver commonly involving the right lobe. Traditional Unani medicine offers a detailed description of liver disorders alongwith their management. Causative factors of Dubayla al-Kabid include- infection, chronic dysentery, liver injury, cholelithiasis, irregular diets etc. The symptoms are fever with chills, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and difficulty in breathing. The line of treatment under Usool-e-Ilaj of the disease is based on evacuation of pus, use of medicines with Dāfi‘-i-Ḥummā (Antipyretic) , Daf‘-i-Ta‘affun (Antiseptic), Muḥāfiẓ-i-Jigar (Hepatoprotective) and Muqawwī-i-Jigar(Liver tonic) properties. In contemporary medicine liver abscess is an encapsulated collection of suppurated material within the liver resulting from either fungal, bacterial, or parasitic infection. Although Klebsiella pneumoniae accounts for 50–70% of cases in the Asian subcontinent, Entamoeba histolytica is also frequently seen in routine clinical practice causing liver abscesses. Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium causing liver abscesses. Thus, infection that spreads throughout the biliary system is one of the most frequent causes of liver abscess requiring antibiotics. The drainage of pus is the treatment of choice in cases of large abscess while small liver abscess of 2-3 cm is conventionally treated with antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance and persistence are associated with an elevated risk of treatment failure and relapsing infections. Hence there is a need to explore the ages old treatment strategies for the management of small liver abscess laid down in traditional Unani medicine. This paper will further pave the way of developing novel therapies for the effective management of liver abscess.
Keywords: Dubayla al-Kabid, Unani management, Usool-e-Ila
Review on Moringa oleifera Plant
Get PDFThe most extensively grown species of the monogeneric, Moringaceae family, which is native to south Asia, is Moringa oleifera, sometimes known as "The Miracle Tree." The medium-sized agroforestry tree Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) is native to south Asia but has now naturalized in many other nations. Moringa is also thought to be a treatment for malnutrition. It has several pharmacological characteristics, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer effects. It was discovered that every portion of the plant contains bioactive components. To far, over a hundred chemicals, comprising alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, vitamins, glycosides, and terpenes, have been identified from various sections of Moringa oleifera. These leaves have been used for many years in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of illnesses. These leaves have the potential to avert the plague of starvation and associated illnesses due to their potent nutritional content. In this article, we will keep an eye on Moringa Oleifera Plant overview.
Keywords: Moringa Oleifera plant, Miracle Tree, Herb, Drumstick, Herbal Medicin
Chemotherapeutic Agents in Periodontics: A Review: CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS IN PERIODONTICS
No full text"Selman Waksman" first used the term "antibiotic" in 1942 to refer to any material produced by a bacterium that inhibits the growth of other micro-organisms in high dilution. The pathogenic bacteria, the patient, and the medication are the three main components of the antibiotic periodontal therapy idea. Patients with attachment loss or with aggressive types of periodontitis or those with periodontitis linked with underlying medical conditions are the best candidates for systemic antimicrobial therapy. The three main objectives of Periodontal Therapy are disrupting biofilms, suppressing potential periodontal pathogens throughout the entire oral cavity, and halting the illness. The microbial etiology of inflammatory periodontal disease provides the rationale for the use of antibiotic medication in periodontal therapy. This idea is predicated on the idea that a certain bacterium causes destructive periodontal disease and that antibiotic agents can be present in humans in doses greater than those required to kill or inhibit infections.
Keywords: Antibiotics, Systemic drug delivery, Local drug delivery, Periodontal therapy
Antibacterial Activity of Mirabilis jalapa Leaves (Karifuma) Extract Against Bacterial Wound Infection from Patients Attending Rango Health Center
Get PDFBackground: Mirabilis jalapa is a perennial herbaceous bushy plant with several pharmacological activities, such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, diuretic and anthelmintic. Wound infections are a major public health concern in Rwanda, with 8% of the general population having difficulties controlling them and 25% of those above 60 years old. Traditional medicine is used to treat many conditions such as chest infections, coughs, snake-bites and burns. Mirabilis jalapa seeds have been reported to be effective against bacteria causing wound infections. Aim: This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of Mirabilis jalapa leaves extract against infected wound bacteria from patients attending Rango Health Center.
Methods: Cross sectional study design and maceration method was used in Mirabilis jalapa leaves extraction with Methanol, Ethanol, Diethyl ether and Distilled water as solvents.
Results: Different extracts were obtained according to the solvents with different volumes and concentrations. The highest extract volume obtained was Distilled water with 6 ml and the least was Diethyl ether with 2.7 ml. In 71 participants who had wound infection, 42% had a bacterial infection. Among them, 25% had Staphylococcus aureus, 7% had Klebsiella pneumoniae, 6% had Escherichia coli, and 4% had Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Through the agar well diffusion method, Methanol extracts showed the highest inhibition zones while distilled water extracts exhibited the lowest inhibition zones to the isolated bacteria.
Conclusion: The study confirms the antibacterial activity of the Mirabilis jalapa leaves extract against infected wound bacteria, with methanol and ethanol being the best solvents.
Keywords: Mirabilis jalapa leaves, wound infections, antibacterial activit
Review on Callilstemon citrinus: Recent Approaches in Novel Drug Delivery System: callistemon citrinus novel drug delivery approaches.
No full textCallistemon citrinus is an ornamental plant. The plant is commonly originated in subtropical and tropical region. C.citrinus, commonly referred to as bottlebrush, is a member of myrtaceae family. Active ingreadients such as 1, 8-cineole, triterpenoids, α-pinenes, eucalyptol, tannis, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phytosterol etc. are mostly found in the various plant sections. It is generally use in traditional, folk and herbal medicine as a water accent, anticough, antibronchtits, insecticide and treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery and rheumatism. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the pharmacological aspects and recent novel approaches of callistemon citrinus highlight methodologies, applications, and potential contributions of this natural extract in enhancing drug delivery, offering insights into its pharmacological potential and future prospects in the field. The primary objective to collect updated information about effectiveness of the plant extract in addressing specific health issues and its potential as a therapeutic effect using novel drug delivery systems. Innovative methods explored in delivering the plant extract, such as Nano formulations in various diseases i.e. Antifungal properties, acute toxicity, brine shrimp cytotoxicity and relaxant activity, antimicrobial Activity etc. The methods improve therapeutic efficacy and reduces side effects by optimizing the delivery of bioactive compounds from callistemon citrinus.
Keywords: Callistemon citrinus, Bottle brush, Pharmacological activities, Novel Drug Delivery Systems, Isolated compounds