Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Evaluation of Antidepressant Like Activity of Extract of Boerhavia diffusa in Swiss Albino Mice
Get PDFDepression often known as depressive disorder is described by a persistent lack of enjoyment, enthusiasm in pursuits, or melancholy feelings. Depression is not the same as normal mood swings and feelings about day-to-day living. It could affect every aspect of life, including relationships with friends, family, and the community. It could be brought on by or exacerbated by problems at work or in the classroom. This study aims to evaluate antidepressant like activity of ethanolic extract of roots of Boerhavia diffusa (Nyctaginaceae). control and cure of this diseases, a vast variety of medications are used daily. The herbal drugs are biodegradable and are natural medications hence are becoming more and more popular. Using a Soxhlet equipment and a normal extraction procedure, the ethanolic extract was produced. The mice were administered several dosages of the extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) in addition to the vehicle (normal saline) for the control group & ARS (Acute Restraint Stress) Group and fluoxetine as the conventional medication. The mice were subjected to ARS and were treated with ethanolic extract of Boerhavia diffusa at a dose of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg respectively. After that they were subjected to animal models, the tail suspension test (TST), force suspension test (FST) to assess the antidepressant potential and open field test (OFT), to assess locomotor & antidepressant potential of administered drug The TST revealed prolonged immobility in the BDEE (Boerhavia diffusa ethanolic extract) treated animals. The crossing over of squares activity in the OFT rose, indicating a decline in depression levels. The mice\u27s FST revealed a decrease in their ability to reach the plateau stage following immobility. According to the study, BDEE demonstrates strong antidepressant effect and offer a natural alternative to pharmaceutical treatment for depression disorders. In futuristic study, further investigation is required to identify certain active molecules and have a deeper comprehension of the underlying processes of action.
Keywords: Antidepressant activity, Boerhavia diffusa, Tail suspension test, Forced swim test, Open field test, Traditional medicin
Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Etifoxine in Capsule Dosage Form by Using RP-HPLC/UV
Get PDFA RP-HPLC/UV method was developed and validated to quantify the etifoxine in capsule dosage form. The chromatographic separation was carried out using a Hypersil ODS C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of an ammonium acetate buffer: acetonitrile in a volumetric ratio of 40:60%. The UV wavelength chosen for detection was at 255 nm. The flow rate was set at 1 ml/min. The retention time for etifoxine was determined to be 2.074 min. Linearity was detected within the concentration range of 7.5-45 μg/mL for etifoxine. The approach has been confirmed to be linear, accurate, precise, robust, and has established limits of detection and quantitation. The established procedure was uncomplicated, cost-effective, and suitable for the routine analysis of etifoxine in capsule dosage form
Magnitude of anemia and associated factors among adults with tuberculosis in Galkaio Public Health Facilities Puntland, Somalia 2024: A cross-sectional study design
No full textBackground: Treatment of anemia associated with TB may involve addressing the underlying cause, such as improving nutrition or managing inflammation, and sometimes may require blood transfusions.
Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among adults with tuberculosis in Galkaio town Public Health Facilities Puntland, Somalia 2024.
Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was used. A total sample of 422 adults with tuberculosis include in this study. Attending Health facilities in Galkaio town. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain information related to socio-demographic characteristics. Data from both questioner and laboratory were checked and cleaned for completeness and consistency. Data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) Version 20 statistical software. Both bivariate with cut off < 0.25 and multivariate with cut off < 0.05 analysis has been used to check the strength of association between dependent and independent variables.
Result: The overall magnitude of anemia was 82.7% CI :( 78.09, 86.31).In multivariable logistic regression analyses, the odds of anemia were 4.23 times higher for patients aged between 41-50 years [AOR=4.23, 95% CI (1.92,9.34)] compared to those aged between 18-30 years, 6.12 times higher for patients unable to read and write compared to those who had a college diploma and above [AOR=6.12, 95% CI (2.63,14.2)], and 5.71 times higher for patients who had not started taking Anti-TB drugs compared to those who had started [AOR=5.71, 95% CI (2.68,12.14)].
Conclusion: the magnitude of anemia among adults with tuberculosis in the study area was found to be high (82.7%). The study revealed that age, gender, occupation, TB treatment status, started taking Anti-TB drugs, and BMI as key factors associated with anemia. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and healthcare strategies for at-risk individuals, with the aim of reducing the burden of anemia.
 
Prevalence of cryptococcal meningitis among HIV patients attending Central University Hospital of Kigali
Get PDFBackground: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a severe fungal infection caused primarily by Cryptococcus neoformans and less commonly by Cryptococcus gattii. It poses a significant threat to individuals with compromised immune systems, particularly those living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), CM remains a leading cause of mortality among HIV-infected individuals, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Aim: This study was done to determine the prevalence of Cryptococcus among HIV-infected patients attending at Central University Hospital of Kigali, Rwanda and the level at which a patient’s CD4 count is significantly associated with cryptococcal meningitis.
Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted at Central University Hospital of Kigali, Rwanda. This study included 60 HIV-infected patients whose serum and CSF samples were examined for Cryptococcus by one of or all 4 tests (CSF culture, CSF CrAg, serum CrAg and Indian Ink) and their results were recorded.
Results: Among the 60 HIV-infected patients enrolled, 8 (13%) were positive for cryptococcal meningitis. Among these 8 patients the CD4 count ranged from 2-200 cells/ul, and 31.82% (7 of 8) was among patients with CD4 count ≤100 c/ul and 6.25% (1 of 8) was among patients with CD4 count levels between 101 c/ul and 200c/ul. Based on the study results, CD4 count levels lower or equal to 100 cells/ul was highly associated with cryptococcal meningitis as the P-value=0.001 and Odd ratio=0.058.
Conclusion: Based on the study results there was a significant association between cryptococcal meningitis and lower CD4 count levels. HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts ≤100 cells had the highest prevalence. Therefore, the level of CD4 count below or equal to 100 cells/ul is highly associated with positive cryptococcal meningitis. However, there were cases of positive CM among HIV patients with CD4 count ≥100 cells/ul.
Keywords: Cryptococcal meningitis, CD4 count, HIV
Cuproptosis: A Copper-Triggered Unique Cell Death Targeting Cancer
No full textA recently discovered type of copper-driven cell death is regarded as Cuproptosis. The significance of copper and copper-triggered cell death in the development of malignancies has garnered attention recently. Cuproptosis has shown remarkable promise for cancer therapy, which has sparked a great deal of interest in the cancer research community. Treatments based on copper have the potential to treat malignancies that are resistant to chemotherapy by impeding the growth of the tumor. We offer a critical examination of copper homeostasis and the part copper dysregulation plays in the onset and spread of cancer in this review. After outlining the fundamental molecular underpinnings of Cuproptosis and its connection to cancer, the present state of knowledge regarding copper-based cancer treatment agents - copper chelators, copper ionophores, and copper complexes-based dynamic therapy is summarized. We also provide an overview of the latest research on the use of copper ionophores and complexes-based medicines to reduce tumor treatment resistance in various cancer types. We also go over the small-molecule substances and nanoparticles (NPs) that have the potential to induce Cuproptosis in cancer cells, which will provide fresh insight into the future development of Cuproptosis-inducing anticancer medications. Ultimately, the key ideas and urgent issues surrounding Cuproptosis that need to be addressed in further research were covered. Targeting Cuproptosis may be a potential anticancer therapy and treatment approach to overcome drug resistance in cancer, according to this review article.
Keywords: Cuproptosis, cancer, chemo-resistance, malignancies, Cu homeostasis, Cu chelator
The Potential Protective Effects of Yellow Star on Comorbidity Risk Factors and Disorders Associated with Severe COVID-19 Outcomes
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of Yellow Star on some disorders and risk factors of comorbidity associated with COVID-19. These effects were evaluated in male and female rats by daily gavage (5 mL/Kg of body weight) for 7 and 14 days. The effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota were evaluated in the feces, and the effects on coagulation, oxidative stress, lipid profile, and atherogenicity were assessed in plasma. Administration of Yellow Star inhibited the growth of Bacteroidetes and stimulated the growth of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus in both sexes. Yellow Star (p <0.05) inhibits coagulation in rats regardless of sex. We noted an increase in the antioxidant status and a decrease in pro-oxidant status in both sexes. At the same time, a decrease in plasma levels of MDA was noted. Finally, the administration of the Yellow Star resulted in a decrease in the plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL, total lipids, and the TC / HDL-c ratio; and an increase in HDL-c. At the end of this work, it seems justified to recommend the consumption of Yellow Star in the prevention and management of certain disorders accentuated by a SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Keywords: Yellow Star, COVID-19, dysbiosis, coagulation, oxidative stress, and dyslipidemias
Quantum dots as theranostic nano delivery system in combating various diseases
Get PDFConventional chemotherapy lacks insolubility, selective targeting and bio-imaging of the chemotherapeutics aggravating the diseased state with developed drug resistant toxicity in the biological system. To overcome these obstacles and other biological barriers, nano-sized semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) having the unique photoluminescence and electronic physicochemical properties such as size-tunable light emission, narrow emission range, high brightness and photo-stability for making them the suitable diagnostic probe materials in bio/immune -sensing platform have attracted attention for targeted theranostic photodynamic therapy to bridge nanotechnology and cargo therapy assay. In general, QDs, linked to photoluminescence, induce generation of free radicals, disrupt cell walls/membranes and arrest gene expression as antimicrobial/anti-cancer agents in nano theranostic platform for concomitant sensing, imaging and therapy in the biological system. QDs may be conjugated with polymers, ligands, cargos and other biomolecules through covalent and non-covalent bonds for different specific targeting and controlled liberation of cargos to the diseased site/s of concern to get higher theranostic efficacy. This review focuses mainly the physicochemical characteristics of QDs, their synthesized methods, surface functionalizations, mechanism of action, biomedical applications, toxicity, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and elimination as nano delivery system.
Keywords: Conventional chemotherapy; Diseases; Quantum dots; Theranostic efficacy; Nano delivery system
Venesection (Fasd): Historical Insights and Modern Implications: A comprehensive review
Get PDFIlaj bit Tadbeer, a vital therapeutic approach in the Unani system of medicine, focuses on modifying six essential elements to restore health. This approach encompasses various regimenal therapies such as cupping (Hijāma), leeching (Ta\u27līq or irsal-e- \u27Alaq), venesection (Fasd), massage (Dalk), irrigation (Natūl), emesis (Qay\u27), diuresis (Idrār-i-Bawl), diaphoresis (Tariq), concoction and purgation (Mundij and Mu\u27shil therapy), medicated steam (Bukhoor), cauterization (Kaiyy), and enema (Huqna). Fasd is a crucial regimen in Ilaj Bit Tadbeer, serving as a method to eliminate morbid material from the body to treat diseases or maintain good health. With a history of almost 3000 years, Fasd has been effectively utilized in treating various ailments across different eras. Although venesection, or Fasd, has a historical significance, its modern application has declined due to the lack of scientific validation. This review aims to explore the historical context, therapeutic applications, contraindications, and contemporary scientific evidence of Fasd, emphasizing its potential in modern medicine.
Keywords: Ilaj bit Tadbeer, Unani medicine, Fasd, venesection, therapeutic applications, scientific evidence
Huntington\u27s Disease: Pathogenesis, Therapies, and Emerging Technologies
Get PDFHuntington’s Disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that is primarily manifested by motor, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms due to an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene. Currently, most of the therapeutic strategies in HD are largely centered on the pharmacological management of the symptoms. These treatments are linked to some disadvantages such as being partially effective, having adverse effects, and their inability to alter the natural course of the disease. Recent developments in HD research are exploring the use of novel pharmacological agents, nanoparticles, cell therapies, gene therapies, and RNA-based therapies, which have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. This literature review explores various aspects of HD, from its pathogenesis and etiology to emerging novel approaches for its treatment.
Keywords: Huntington\u27s Disease, HTT Gene, Nanotechnology, Neurodegeneration, Emerging Therapies, Mutant Huntingtin Protei
Advances in Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Sustainable Approaches and Applications
Get PDFIn the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has shifted towards eco-friendly methodologies, aligning with the growing demand for sustainable practices. Biologically synthesized AgNPs, particularly noteworthy for their applications in medicine and materials science, exhibit exceptional efficacy against microorganisms. The unique physicochemical properties of AgNPs, including their small size and large surface area-to-volume ratio, contribute to their versatility in diverse sectors. The advantages of AgNPs, such as ease of production, low cost, and high carrier capacity, make them preferred for various applications, including drug delivery systems. Despite concerns about environmental hazards and toxicity, the benefits of AgNPs, such as controlled drug release and targeted delivery, position them as valuable contributors to advancements in nanotechnology. Green synthesis methods, emphasizing biological processes and natural compounds, gain prominence for their sustainability and reduced environmental impact. The regulatory oversight of nanoproducts ensures their safe use, balancing their advantages with environmental considerations. Ongoing research promises further innovations, solidifying AgNPs\u27 role as key contributors to progress in nanotechnology and materials science.
Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Sustainable approaches, Characterization, Applications, Eco-friendly methods