Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Chondrogenic Differentiation
Get PDFBACKROUND: NSAIDs represent a large class of drugs used for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Background Nevertheless, their effects on chondrogenic differentiation are not known. The present study examines the potential effects of five different NSAIDs, namely Etodolac, Dexketoprofen, Acetaminophen (Paracetamol), Lornoxicam and Ibuprofen on cell viability as well as chondrogenic differentiation using a mouse embryonic ATDC5-cell-derived chondrocyte model.
METHODS: ATDC5 cells were treated with different concentrations of the NSAIDs. The viablility was evaluated by MTT assay while q-PCR analyses of gene expression of chondrogenic markers (Aggrecan, SOX-9, COL1 and COL2) on 5th & 10th day. Early glycosaminoglycan changes in articular cartilage were determined by safranin-O staining.
RESULTS: No clinical relevant concentration of Lornoxicam, Dexketoprofen and Ibuprofen proved beneficial influence on cell survival. Dexketoprofen and Lornoxicam promoted chondrogenesis through a significant increase of the Aggrecan and COL2 gene expression(levels) when compared to control samples. Histological staining further revealed that Lornoxicam and Dexketoprofen significantly increased glycosaminoglycan content, suggestive of enhanced chondrogenic differentiation.
CONCLUSION: Of all investigated NSAIDs, lornoxicam performed best in terms of chondrogenic differentiation and appears as the most suited for therapeutic approaches targeting cartilage repair / regeneration. These results are further improved with ITS supplementation, indicating a potential synergistic effect to improve cartilage tissue engineering.
Keywords: NSAIDs, chondrogenic differentiation, Lornoxicam and Dexketoprofe
A Systematic Review of Barley (Hordeum vulgare Linn.) in Unani Medicine with Recent Advances
Get PDFObjective: The present review article focuses on exploring the wide dimensions of barley including botanical description, nutritional composition, phytochemistry, experimental pharmacology, and clinical studies along with its traditional uses in Unani medicine.
Background: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) which is referred to as ‘Jao’ in the Unani system of medicine has a long history of utilization as a food and medicine. It belongs to family Poaceae and is considered as one of the founder crops of old-world agriculture.
Methodology: A manual literature survey of classical Unani texts was conducted to collect the information available on ‘Jao’. Besides, a comprehensive search of electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, was carried out to collect all the available information regarding its phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical studies.
Result: In Unani medicine, barley is an important drug commonly used in many disorders of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, musculoskeletal system, skin, etc. It is used to treat obesity, diabetes, headache, pain and inflammation of the throat, acute swelling of joints and gout, chronic swellings, diarrhoea, fever, skin eruptions, hyperpigmentation of the skin, etc. Recent studies revealed that barley constitutes beta-glucan and a myriad of bioactive compounds that play numerous biological activities such as hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anticancer, and wound healing activities.
Conclusion: Barley is a potent drug that exhibits a wide range of health benefits, most of which have been confirmed via preclinical and clinical studies. This review may thus be helpful for the research community as well as common people to avail the benefits of this drug.
Keywords: Barley, Beta-glucan, Hordeum vulgare, Jao, Unani medicin
Assessment of Quality Control parameters under Accelerated Stability Conditions for Manasamitra Vatakam; A Herbo Mineral Formulation: Quality Control Analysis under Accelerated Conditions of Manasamitra Vatakam
No full textAccelerated Stability Studies predicts the stability data and significantly explains the drug decision process. In the present study, Manasamitra Vatakam, a Herbo mineral formulation was subjected to stability conditions at 40°C ± 2°C /75%± 5% RH for 06 months. Control and stability samples were determined for parameters like Weight variation, Moisture content, Marker content determination, and Disintegration test, Dissolution study with different mediums, Friability and Hardness test. The phytomarker analysis showed decrease assay value for β-sitosterol, Vitexin, Kampferol and Withaferin. The dissolution studies were performed for the major biomarker Berberine in 0.1N HCl, pH 4.5 acetate and pH 6.8 phosphate buffer in which pH 6.8 buffer showed maximum release of 66.82% at 04 hours. The other Quality control parameters showed minimal difference under acceptance criteria. The study explains the need of stability analysis in polyherbal formulations and developed method can be used for routine analytical studies in various formulation containing berberine.
Keywords: Berberine, HPLC, Manasamitra Vatakam, Quality Control, Stability
Coating Tablets, Compositions, Recent Advancement and Current Status: A Comprehensive Review
No full textConventional Tablets are solid oral dosage forms that contain an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) along with excipients. These tablets are typically prepared through direct compression, wet granulation, or dry granulation. They are designed to disintegrate and release the API in a controlled or immediate manner, depending on the formulation. Tablet coating is a vital process in pharmaceutical technology, designed to improve the therapeutic efficacy, patient compliance, and stability of oral dosage forms. This comprehensive review explores the key aspects of tablet coating, including the types, compositions, and recent advancements. Coating materials such as polymers, plasticizers, and pigments are discussed in detail, along with their roles in controlling drug release, masking taste, and enhancing aesthetic appeal. The recent advancements focus on innovative coating techniques like film coatings, enteric coatings, and the application of nanotechnology to improve precision and functionality. Additionally, the current status of tablet coating is analyzed in terms of regulatory compliance and industry trends. The review highlights the future potential of personalized coatings, smart coatings, and environmentally friendly approaches, showcasing the evolving landscape of tablet coating technologies/pans in modern pharmaceutical manufacturing and development.
Keywords: Table coating; dosage form; enteric; coating pans; formulation; advancement; polymer
Acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of an improved traditional medicine developed in Burkina Faso
Get PDFAn Improved Traditional Medicine (ITM) in capsule form presented by traditional health practitioners in Burkina Faso as used for hepatoprotective and hepatocurative treatment for viral hepatitis B. The study\u27s main objective was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of this ITM, which is used in treating viral hepatitis B in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarins, alkaloids, sterols and triterpenes. The in vitro anti-inflammatory assay inhibited LOX by 15.69 ± 0.50% at a 100 µg/mL concentration. The LD50 was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg. In vivo activity using the carrageenan anti-oedema test showed good dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity of ITM at 30, 65 and 130 mg/kg bw. After 3 hours, the extract at various doses reduced edema to over 50% inhibition. After 5 h, oedema was reduced to 85.209% at the 130 mg/kg. However, the reference acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) at 100 mg/kg bw showed a percentage of 85.048% at 5 h. The IC50 obtained after the ABTS, FRAP and LPO antioxidant tests of the phytomedicine were 351.00 µg/mL, 353.20 mM EAA/L and 81.13%. However, the IC50 with the DPPH method was higher than 104 mg/mL. The phytomedicine would have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties due to the presence of bioactive phytochemicals on inflammation and free radicals.
Keywords: ITM, Phytochemical, Acute toxicity, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant
The Respiratory Reflex of Cough: A Comparative Study of Contemporary Medicine and Unani Concepts
Get PDFCough suddenly and frequently helps to remove mucus, irritants, foreign substances, and bacteria from the airways. It can be a symptom of a respiratory infection like the common cold, bronchitis, tuberculosis, influenza, smoking, or other health issues. Contemporary texts describe several kinds of coughs, including acute, chronic, and subacute coughs, coughs that produce or do not produce mucus, and specific types like Reflex cough, voluntary cough, and evoked cough. In Unani texts, cough is referred to as diseases rather than symptoms. it is also called as “Sual” in Arabic, “Surfa” in Persian, khansi in Hindi, and cough in English. In Unani medicine, Sual is attributed to three causes: Ashab-e-badiya (extrinsic factor), Asbab-i- Wassila (intrinsic factor), and Iltehab (inflammation). The primary categories of Sual identified in Unani texts are Sual yabis and Sual Ratab, which are further subdivided into various types. This paper examines the concept, causes, types, and treatment approaches to Sual/Cough as described in both classical and modern literature.
Keywords: Cough, Sual, Surfa, Modern concept Unani literature, sual yabis, sual ratab
Herbal Drug Use to Treat Urolithiasis: An Updated Review
Get PDFWorld Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 12% of the world\u27s population suffers from urolithiasis, a disorder that causes stones to develop in the kidney, bladder, and/or urethra (the urinary system). The illness increases the likelihood of developing chronic renal illnesses in addition to impairing kidney function. Three phases make up the mechanism for the production of stones: nucleation, growth, and aggregation of crystals. Because of their medicinal and antioxidant properties, as well as their active substances, medicinal plants have positive benefits on human health. The traditional medicinal herbs\u27 diuretic qualities are increasingly being backed by scientific research. Urinary calculi patients complain of hematuria, discomfort, or infection. Individuals with tiny, non-obstructing stones or staghorn calculi have moderate, easily managed symptoms in addition to other symptoms. The illness increases the likelihood of developing chronic renal illnesses in addition to impairing kidney function. Therefore, a plant\u27s or a herbal formulation\u27s antiurolithiatic effect may be the result of a combination of its antioxidant, diuretic, and crystallization-inhibiting properties.
Keywords: Urolithiasis, diuresis, herbal drug, calcium oxalate ston
Unveiling Siman-i-Mufrit (Obesity): Unani Perspective and Role of Hammam-i-Bukhari in its management
Get PDFObesity is a major health concern globally & is the most common nutritional disorder defined as an excessive buildup of adipose tissue in the body. Unani medicine provides a unique perspective on obesity, defining it as ‘Siman-i-mufrit’ which is increased Ratubat & Barudat, causing imbalance and building up of morbid stuff such as Madda-i-balghamiya (Shehmi madda) & Akhlat in body and offering treatment based on Sue Mizaj Barid Ratab. One of the most well-known tadabeer that has been detailed for treating siman-i-mufrat in the Unani System of Medicine is Hammam-i-Bukhari, a form of Hammam. In order to burn off excess calories stored in the body and get rid of Madda-i-Balghamiya causing Sue Mizaj Barid, Kasrat-i-Istifragh by Hammam-e-Bukhari has been recommended.
Keywords: Siman-i-Mufrit, Obesity, Sue Mizaj Barid, Unani Medicine, Ilaj bit Tadbeer, Hammam-i-Bukhar
Unraveling Nipah Virus: Key Insights on Spread, Symptoms, Management
Get PDFAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), a newly identified zoonosis that poses a major risk to both humans and animals is the Nipah Virus (NiV). The infectious agent known as NiV is responsible for devastating illnesses in both people and animals. It was initially found in the Pteropus genus fruit bats and the Pteropodidae family. The most frequently identified route for transmitting NiV is ingesting fresh date palm sap, among other possible mechanisms. Another potential route for NiV to spread from bats to humans through domestic animals. The NiV mostly affects respiratory and neurological tissues, resulting in neurological symptoms and respiratory difficulties in those who are off. The immune system\u27s ability to fight the virus is crucial, and this includes interferon-mediated pathways and innate immunological responses. NiV is regarded as a BSL-4 disease since there is no known cure or vaccine to prevent it only personal care including symptomatic treatment, hydration management, and breathing help, remains the mainstay of care. Three pharmaceutical options for the possible treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of NiV infection have been studied: ribavirin, favipiravir, and m102.4 monoclonal antibody. This review will give an overview of the virus, explain the circumstances behind its emergence, and speculate on when it might spread to other parts of the world.
Keywords: NiV- Nipah Virus; World Health Organization; pathogenesis, vaccines
Evaluation of spermatic DNA fragmentation in smoking normospermic infertile individuals
Get PDFAim: In approximately 20% of infertile couples, the male factor is the only main cause. In recent years, it has been hypothesized that sperm DNA integrity may be a better indicator than routine semen analysis. Although the effects of smoking on male infertility have not yet been proven, smoking is considered a reasonable risk factor for infertility. In our study, we aimed to evaluate DNA damage in normospermic infertile men who smoke and do not smoke using the acridine orange method.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted on semen samples from 50 male cases, 25 of whom were smokers and non-smokers, who met the infertility criteria and applied to the urology clinic of Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital. Microscopic examinations and morphological evaluations were performed in accordance with the WHO 2010 criteria. The acridine orange method was applied to evaluate DNA fragmentation and DNA fragmentations were calculated. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the Mann-Whitney U Test.
Results: In our study, in the smoking group, age was significantly associated with the duration of infertility, concentration with total motile sperm count, total sperm count with total motile sperm count, and amorphous head anomaly (p<0.01). In the non-smoking group, age and infertility were significantly associated with the duration, volume and total count, concentration and total count, total motile sperm count, and DNA fragmentation (p<0.01). However, there was no statistical difference between the smoking and non-smoking groups in terms of semen parameters and DNA fragmentation (p>0.05).
Conclusion: In order to obtain more reliable results, it is thought that large-scale studies are needed in the same groups and in the general population.
Keywords: sperm, infertility, DNA fragmentation, smokin