Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Management of Gouty arthritis with hyperuricemia by herbal Unani formulation: A case report
Get PDFGout is a term representing a heterogeneous group of genetic and acquired diseases manifested by hyperuricemia with a characteristic acute inflammatory arthritis induced by the crystals of monosodium urate monohydrate. In Unani classical literature, Gouty arthritis has been described under the name of Niqris. According to Ibn Hubal (1122-1233 A.D), the word Niqris is obtained from the term ‘Anqoroos’ which indicates ‘the joint of great toe’. Since this disease classically affects the first metatarsophalangeal joint, hence it has been given this name ‘Niqris’. The prevalence of gout is 1-4% of the general population. The individuals affected with gout are at increased risk of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Metabolic Syndrome, Renal stones, Kidney and Cardiovascular disorders. Unani System of Medicine has an impressive role in the management of gouty arthritis through different drugs which have hypouricemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, purgative and diuretic properties. The present paper deals with a case report in which a 24 years old male patient having serum uric acid concentration of 7.8 mg/dL with severe pain, redness and swelling of left great toe and left knee was treated with formulation of different herbal drugs with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of these drugs and avoid complications. Patient has shown excellent and admirable results after the treatment.
Keywords: Unani, Gout, Hyperuricemia, Niqris, Uric acid
Phytochemical Characterization, In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity, and Molecular Docking of Quercetin, Rutin and Apigenin
Get PDFThis study investigates the phytochemical characterization, in-vitro antioxidant activity, and molecular docking of natural flavonoids like Quercetin, Rutin, and Apigenin. FTIR analysis showed that each component possesses hydroxyl and carbonyl groups through the identification of specific functional groups that confirmed their structural nature. The results from phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of tannins and phenolics but also confirmed both flavonoids and flavanol glycosides and these findings were validated by fluorescence analysis. The total phenolic content analysis showed Quercetin possessed the greatest chemical content while Apigenin and Rutin followed with lower contents.
The strongest antioxidant performance detected in the in-vitro assays using DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging (NORSA) and reducing power tests showed Quercetin to have IC50 values of 9.64 µg/ml and 6.71 µg/ml respectively. The antioxidant functions of both Rutin and Apigenin proved to be robust in the assessments.
The binding ability of these flavonoids with Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (INOS) and xanthine oxidase proteins underwent molecular docking assessment to determine their binding affinity levels. The multiple hydroxyl groups in Quercetin enabled strong binding with proteins while Rutin and Apigenin followed behind.
Keywords: Quercetin, Rutin, Apigenin, Antioxidant Activity, Molecular Dockin
Preparation of Eco-Friendly Mosquito Repellent Jelly Using Essential Oils and Evaluation of Its Efficacy
Get PDFThe developed mosquito-repellent jelly represents an innovative and environmentally sustainable solution without relying on toxic chemicals. It was formulated using five essential oils viz., citronella, lemongrass, clove, neem, and lavender to ensure safety for human skin and eyes, which provide effective repellency. The jelly exhibited 100% effectiveness during the first two hours of application. Although its efficacy gradually declined, reducing to 70% over the subsequent three hours and further decreasing to 40% after four hours. The physical and chemical properties of the jelly were thoroughly evaluated through organoleptic analysis, repellency testing, skin patch testing, eye irritation testing, and inhalation testing, all of which confirmed its safety for further use. This mosquito-repellent jelly offers a natural, eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical repellents, aligning with the growing demand for non-toxic solution in personal care. However, to extend the effective repellency of the mosquito-repellent jelly, an innovative method is required to lock the aroma of the gel, which is responsible for its repellent action.
Keywords: Citronella, Clove, Eco-friendly, Essential oils, Lavender, Lemongrass, Mosquito repellent, Neem, Non-toxic
Suranjan Shireen (Colchicum autumnale L.): A review on medicinal utility from the perspective of Unani Medicine
Get PDFBackground: Suranjan Shireen (Colchicum autumnale L.), commonly known as autumn crocus or meadow saffron, holds a prominent place in Unani medicine for its therapeutic potential in musculoskeletal and inflammatory disorders. It is a well-documented medicinal plant in both traditional Unani literature and modern pharmacology.
Objective: This review aims to comprehensively explore the pharmacognostic features, phytochemical profile, therapeutic applications, and clinical relevance of Colchicum autumnale from classical and contemporary perspectives.
Methods: Classical Unani texts were examined alongside modern scientific literature to highlight the plant’s historical uses and recent pharmacological insights.
Results: The principal bioactive compound, colchicine, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antimitotic properties. Traditionally, the plant has been employed in the treatment of gout (Niqras), sciatica (Irqun Nisa), and chronic joint pain (Waja‘ul Mafāsil). Modern studies confirm its efficacy in managing gout, Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), and inflammatory conditions. However, due to its narrow therapeutic index and known toxicity, careful dosage regulation is essential.
Conclusion: The integration of traditional Unani knowledge with modern pharmacological evidence supports the safe and effective therapeutic use of Colchicum autumnale. Future research should focus on standardization, dosage optimization, and toxicity mitigation to ensure clinical safety.
Keywords: Colchicum autumnale; Suranjan Shireen; Unani Medicine; Gout, Colchicine
Recent advancement and future strategies for the care and management of diabetic foot ulcer complications: A systemic approach to Pharmacotherapy for successful wound repair and healing
Get PDFDiabetic foot ulcer is a pathological condition of multifactorial etiologies. The condition occurs in diabetic patients where the proper management and care is not adopted. Some important factors responsible for diabetic foot ulcer include peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, foot deformities, and trauma. Diabetic foot ulcers affect approximately 15% of all individuals with diabetes at some point in their lives. India is often referred to as the "diabetes capital of the world" due to its large population and the increasing prevalence of diabetes. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that in 2019, there were over 77 million adults aged 20-79 years living with diabetes in India. The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers varies across different regions of the world, with higher rates typically observed in areas with poorer access to healthcare, lower socioeconomic status, and higher rates of diabetes. Complications of diabetic foot ulcers can be severe, leading to infections, gangrene, and ultimately, amputations if not properly managed. Hence, prevention, early detection, and effective management are crucial in reducing the burden of this condition. Herbal therapies for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) focus on targeting key pathological mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, infection, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. Bioactive such as Curcumin Inhibits NF-κB pathway, reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), and enhances collagen synthesis there by shown to accelerate wound healing by modulating inflammation and promoting fibroblast migration, Alovera, increase collagen deposition, and improve angiogenesis, Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduces lipid peroxidation, Neem inhibit bacterial growth (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) etc. This review highlights the systemic approach for management, care and pharmacotherapy for diabetic wound repair and healing
Keywords: Diabetic foot ulcer, NF-κB pathway, inflammatory cytokines, foot deformities, trauma, advanced therapie
Knowledge and Attitude of Herbal Medicine Among Pharmacy Students of Koshi Province, Nepal
No full textBackground: Herbal medicine also known as botanical medicine involves using plants and plant extracts to treat various health conditions. It is one of the oldest forms of health care, with roots in healing practice across cultures including Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, and indigenous healing traditions. Herbal medicine relies on the medicinal properties of different plant parts such as leaves, roots, flowers, and seeds. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in different collages of koshi province which teaches pharmacy subjects. The self-administered 25 item structured questionnaires were used to access the knowledge and attitude of students. Result: A total of 321 students participates in this study of which 169 (52.6%) were female and 152 (47.4%) were male. The age of the respondent was between 16 to 37 years. Among respondents 86% exhibits good knowledge, 97.5% demonstrated positive attitude. Conclusion: The study concludes that majority of students had good herbal medicines related knowledge and attitude however, there is a room for improvement of knowledge. This study recommends to carryout various measures such as practical workshops, field visit, research project, to fill in the gaps of knowledge and information related to herbal medicines.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Herbal medicines, Pharmacy student
Development and characterization of Olmesartan Medoximil Self-Microemulsifying Fast Disintegrating Tablet
Get PDFOlmesartan Medoxomil (OLM), is a BCS Class II hypertension drugs, with low solubility in water, leading to limited bioavailability. This study aimed to increase the dissolution rate of OLM using a Solid-Self Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (S-SMEDDS). In the beginning, oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants were assessed for drugs solubility. Liquid SMEDDS was created by combining Capmul MCM (30-50%) as oil with Gelucire 44/14 and Transcutol HP (50-70%) as surfactants and co-surfactants. The method was tested for % transmittance, cloud point, reconstitution ability, stability, and drug content. Optimized SMEDDS, made up of Gelucire 44/14 (46.5%), Capmul MCM (40%), and Transcutol HP (23.5%), had good emulsification characteristics, including an adequate zeta potential, particle size, and polydispersity index (PDI). It was then adsorbed onto Neusilin U2 to obtain S-SMEDDS, which was further characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) that confirmed no drug-excipient interactions, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) verified successful adsorption of liquid SMEDDS. The S-SMEDDS was formulated into a fast-dissolving tablet (FDT) using suitable excipients, exhibiting good flow properties and a disintegration time of 108 seconds. In vitro dissolution studies revealed 90% drug release in 60 minutes, significantly higher than the 35.4% release observed with pure drug. These results suggest that the S-SMEDDS-based fast-dissolving tablet of OLM could act as a novel drug delivery system for increasing solubility and bioavailability, offering a more effective oral treatment for hypertension.
Keywords: Olmesartan Medoximil, S-SMEDDS, Croscarmellose Sodium, Fast Disintegrating Table
Comprehensive Review on Medicinal Value of Poisonous Plants
Get PDFPoisonous plants, despite their toxic nature, have played a crucial role in medicine for centuries. If used properly, these deadly plants are incredibly beneficial. Many of these plants contain potent bioactive compounds that, when used in controlled doses, serve as the foundation for various pharmaceutical drugs. This article explores the dual nature of poisonous plants, examining their medicinal applications, pharmacological significance, and the scientific advancements that have transformed toxic botanicals into therapeutic agents. By understanding the balance between toxicity and healing, researchers continue to uncover new medical breakthroughs from nature’s most dangerous flora. The knowledge of toxicity and usefulness of the poisonous plants are the main concern in present day scenario.
Keywords Poisonous plants, Castor bean, deadly nightshade, water hemlock, oleander
Eye Drops to smart gels: The future of ocular drug delivery
Get PDFThis review paper assesses traditional and modern methods to enhance ocular drug delivery. Various techniques available to administer drugs include topical application, intracameral injections, intravitreal injections, and subconjunctival injections. In Addition, this review discusses eye anatomy and the associated challenges with effectively delivering medications to this organ. It emphasizes recent progress in Ophthalmic drug delivery methods, such as on-situ gel systems, nanoparticles, liposomes, and dendrimers, which improve drug retention, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy. The article also explores potential improvements in drug delivery for treating eye disorders by utilizing nanotechnology and stimulus-responsive gels to improve patient outcomes. The goal is to achieve targeted and continuous release.
Keywords: Ocular drug delivery, in-situ gel, nano formulation, prolonged releas
The HepG2 cells growth inhibitory capacity from the leaves of Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr. a natural dye in food culture
Get PDFThere is increasing interest in medicinal use of Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr (PM) in traditional medicine practical applications. The in vitro HepG2 cells growth inhibitory capacity from ethanol 70% extract (E70) of the leaves of Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr was firstly investigated. The results indicated that E70 extract inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells. When the effect of E70 on intracellular signaling was measured, E70 stimulated the apoptotic factors bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in HepG2 cells. The results demonstrated that E70 induces programmed cell death (apoptosis) in HepG2 cells. The further research to determine pharmacokinetics of the main components, the definitve mechanism and clinical trial should be caried out more to firm evidence.
Keywords: Peristrophe bivalvis (L.) Merr, natural dyes, food coloring, HepG2