Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Transdermal delivery of Risedronate using the pressure sensitive adhesive patch with various permeation enhancers
Get PDFRisedronate monosodium (RIS) is widely used for treating bone disorders. Although RIS is commonly available in the oral drug market, it has side effects such as gastrointestinal troubles, abdominal pain, and severe esophageal irritation. To address these issues associated with oral administration, a pressure-sensitive adhesive patch of RIS was developed for the transdermal delivery, and its penetration rate was evaluated using hairless mouse skin. To increase the permeation of RIS, diethylenetriamine (DETA) was used as a solubilizer and fatty acids were used as enhancers. The cumulative amount of RIS penetrating through the mouse skin using various fatty acids, such as lauric acid (LA), capric acid (C10), caprylic acid (C8), linoleic acid (LiA), and oleic acid (OA) in the patches, were 68.21 ± 17.71 μg, 2.25 ± 2.11 μg, 2.79 ± 0.79 μg, 38.86 ± 3.14 μg, and 41.76 ± 2.17 μg, respectively, compared to 3.38 ± 1.34 μg in the case of the RIS patch without an enhancer. The patch formulation with a weight ratio of 6:1:1 (pressure-sensitive adhesive Duro-Tak® 87-202A, 10% (w/w) RIS, and LA) showed the highest permeation efficiency, demonstrating the effectiveness of enhancers for the transdermal drug delivery patch of RIS
Keywords: Risedronate, Transdermal delivery, pressure adhesive patch, enhancers, fatty acids
Factors associated with choice of place of delivery and number of children born at home among husbands in the health districts of Anié and Kéran in Togo
Get PDFIntroduction : A woman dies every two minutes from causes related to pregnancy or childbirth. One of the well-documented factors associated with maternal mortality is home delivery. Husbands play a significant role in determining the place of delivery for their spouses, and several factors influence this decision.
Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with husbands’ choice of place of delivery and those related to the number of children born at home under their responsibility in the health districts of Anié (Plateaux Region) and Kéran (Kara Region) in Togo.
Methodology : This was a cross-sectional study using a three-stage systematic sampling method.
Result : The results showed that the average age of the husbands was 32.18 ± 0.58 years, with the average age at marriage being 23.20 ± 0.24 years, and respective medians of 32 years and 23 years. Husbands aged between 22 and 40 years were the most frequently surveyed. The typical age range at which these male partners marry was between 19 and 28 years. The results of the linear analysis on the average number of home births by socio-professional characteristics showed that male partners with no formal education had the highest average number of home births (3.68±0.41), followed by those who had a religious marriage (3.66±0.66). The analysis revealed a correlation between the number of home births and the husband’s age (p-value = 0.001) as well as between the number of home births and the age at marriage (p-value = 0.015), with a significance threshold set at 5%. The logistic regression results showed that a woman whose husbands decides on a home delivery is 382.23 times more likely to deliver at home rather than in a healthcare facility (p = 0.040; OR = 382.23; CI [1.32 – 110368.89]).
Conclusion : The husband’s age, age at marriage, education level, and the choice of delivery location for his spouse were statistically significant factors associated with the number of home births and the decision to deliver either at home or in a healthcare facility.
Nanotechnology in Herbal Medicine: A Promising Approach for Enhanced Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy
Get PDFNanotechnology has revolutionized the field of herbal medicine by providing a platform for enhanced drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy. The use of nanocarriers and nano formulations has improved the bioavailability and solubility of herbal extracts, allowing for targeted and controlled release of active compounds. This review highlights the potential of nanotechnology in herbal medicine, including the types of nano formulations, methods of preparation, and applications in various diseases. The advantages of nano formulations, such as improved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are also discussed. Furthermore, the role of computational tools and artificial intelligence in nanotechnology is explored, including their potential to transform drug delivery and disease monitoring. Despite the promising benefits, the drawbacks of nanotechnology, including biocompatibility and toxicity concerns, are also addressed. Overall, nanotechnology has the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and safety of herbal medicines
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Herbal medicine, Nano formulations, Artificial intelligence, Drug deliver
UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method Development and Validation for The Estimation of Levodopa in Nasal Medium
No full textObjective: The objective of this study was to develop a straightforward UV-Visible spectrophotometric method for the quantitative analysis of Levodopa in both its pure form and pharmaceutical dosage forms, followed by validation of the proposed analytical method in accordance with standard guidelines.
Material and Methods: Quantitative analysis of Levodopa was performed using a UV-Visible double-beam spectrophotometer, with measurements taken at the maximum absorbance wavelength (280 nm) in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 6.4) to simulate the nasal environment. The drug was initially characterized through melting point determination using the capillary fusion method and further confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A novel UV-Visible spectrophotometric method was developed for the estimation of Levodopa, and its validation was conducted in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, evaluating key analytical parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, sensitivity, robustness and ruggedness.
Result: The melting point of the drug was determined to be 277 °C, which aligns with its reported reference range, confirming its identity. Further structural confirmation was achieved through spectral interpretation. A linear relationship was observed for Levodopa in the concentration range of 1–6 µg/mL, exhibiting a regression coefficient (R²) of 0.9988, indicating strong linearity. The precision of the method was assessed, with intraday and interday relative standard deviation (RSD) values found to be 0.734% and 0.720%, respectively—both within acceptable limits. To evaluate the sensitivity of the developed method, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 0.810 µg/mL and 2.452 µg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion: The UV spectrophotometric method developed and validated for the analysis of Levodopa demonstrated acceptable linearity, accuracy, and precision, and proved to be cost-effective, making it suitable for routine quality control and quantitative evaluation of its pharmaceutical formulations.
Keywords: UV visible spectrometric, Levodopa, validation, nasal media, saline phosphate buffer pH 6.
Advances in Buccal Films: A Promising Platform for Oral Mucosal Drug Delivery: An updated review
No full textThe buccal route offers a non-invasive method for drug administration that improves systemic absorption by bypassing hepatic first-pass metabolism. This article summarises recent innovations, including the incorporation of nanoparticles and 3D printing technologies, with a particular focus on challenges in biologics delivery and clinical translation. The discussion encompasses anatomical considerations, mechanisms of adhesion, formulation design, and evaluation procedures, with applications ranging from local therapies to systemic treatments for conditions such as chronic pain, neurological disorders, and immunisation. Limitations such as reduced drug-loading capacity and saliva-induced erosion are critically examined, alongside potential solutions offered by novel polymer systems. The paper also explores emerging prospects, including the role of artificial intelligence in design optimisation and evolving regulatory frameworks that could accelerate the clinical adoption of buccal films.
Keywords: Buccal films, mucoadhesive drug delivery, nanotechnology, 3D printing, therapeutics, regulatory guidelines
A Comprehensive Literary Review of Bronchial Asthma (Zīq-Un-Nafas Shu‘Bī) and its Management in the Unani System of Medicine
No full textLung diseases are among the leading global health concerns, affecting more than 500 million people and accounting for nearly 10% of annual deaths. Asthma, derived from the Greek verb aazein meaning “to pant,” was first mentioned in Homer’s Iliad and later recognized in the Corpus Hippocraticum as a medical condition. Initially used for general breathlessness, it was more clearly defined in the 19th century by Henry Hyde Salter as a disorder characterized by episodic breathing difficulty due to airway narrowing. In the Unani System of Medicine (USM), asthma is classified under Amrāḍ-i-Majāri (respiratory disorders). This paper explores the Unani perspective of bronchial asthma through classical references and modern research. Literature search included classical texts such as Al-Qanoon, Kitab al-Hawi, Zakhira Thabit bin Qara, Kulliyat, and Tibbe Akbar, along with modern databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus). A total of 23 classical Unani books, 18 original research articles, and 34 review articles were reviewed. Scholars like Buqrat, Jalinus, Razi and Ibn Sina described asthma as Rabw, Buhr, and, Ḍῑq al-Nafas, and recommended single drugs (Adusa, Aslussus, Banafsha, Afteemoon, Unnab) and compound formulations (Sharbat-e-Banafsha, Sharbat-e-Ejaz, Sharbat-e-Unnab, Safoof-e-Dama). The collected data were analysed and systematically organized to highlight the relevance of Unani approaches in asthma management.
Keywords: Amrāḍ-I-Majari, Ḍῑq al-Nafas, Asthma, lung disease, Rabw, US
Unveiling the Therapeutic Potential of Isoliquiritigenin in Prostate Cancer: Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Prostate cancer is a significant and primary cause of cancer-related mortality among men worldwide with treatment challenges that include resistance to conventional therapies. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a natural compound with anticancer properties which have emerged as a potential alternative.
Purpose: This review explores the role of ISL in prostate cancer treatment by analyzing preclinical and clinical studies.
Methodology: The relevant studies investigating the anticancer effect of ISL were identified using a systematic literature review across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Depending on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies were screened and data was extracted regarding tumor growth inhibition, sample size, molecular pathways, etc. Quality assessment was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the pooled data was analyzed using I² statistics to examine the potential of ISL as a treatment for prostate cancer.
Results: A sum of 8 studies were included which met the criteria for meta-analysis. It demonstrated the anti-proliferative effects that induce apoptosis via depolarization in the mitochondrial membrane and the activation of caspase-3. The cell cycle halts at the G1 and G2/M phases by influencing p21 and p27. It also serves as a possible chemosensitizing agent.
Conclusion: ISL shows anticancer properties through various mechanisms. It is recommended that ISL be used in combination therapies to address drug resistance. Further in vivo and clinical studies are needed to evaluate and assess the drug profile of ISL in human models.
Keywords: Isoliquiritigenin, Prostate cancer, Apoptosis, Cell cycle arres
Synergistic Developmental Toxicity of Cisplatin and Carboplatin in the Gallus gallus domesticus Embryonic Model
No full textCisplatin and carboplatin, two frontline platinum-based chemotherapeutics, are limited by toxicity and the emergence of resistance during monotherapy. Combination regimens are increasingly considered, yet their developmental safety profiles remain unclear. Here, we assess the individual and combined developmental effects of these drugs using the Gallus gallus domesticus embryonic model, a sensitive system for teratogenic evaluation. A multiparametric strategy was applied, including morphological assessment, Yolk Sac Membrane (YSM) vasculature analysis, and biochemical profiling of total protein, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
Both drugs individually impaired development, but their combination produced a striking synergistic toxicity. Embryos displayed severe craniofacial malformations, somite loss, and neural tube closure failure. YSM analysis revealed marked degeneration in vessel density, network length, branching, and segment number. Biochemically, combination treatment yielded maximal protein accumulation, sharp suppression of AChE and ALP, and a drastic reduction in LDH activity.
These findings demonstrate that cisplatin–carboplatin co-exposure disrupts embryonic viability, angiogenesis, differentiation, and neurodevelopment more severely than either drug alone. The results highlight a paradox: while combination therapy may overcome resistance in tumors, it substantially amplifies developmental toxicity. This underscores the need to balance therapeutic gain with embryotoxic risk when designing platinum-based drug regimens.
Keywords: Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Synergistic effects, Angiogenesis, Chicken Embryo, Developmental Toxicit
Epidemiological Assessment of Carcinoma Types and Socio-Demographic Variables of Patients in Bangladesh
No full textThe present investigation was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted to assess post-natal complications and their relationships with age group, residence, family income, and other socio-demographic characteristics among patients with carcinoma. A purposive sample of 280 respondents was selected. Most participants (about 80%) were between 25 and 50 years old, and 83.6% lived with their families. In terms of monthly income, 67.5% reported earning up to 15,000 BDT. The majority were married (67.14%), and males constituted 62% of the sample. Regarding religion, 90.36% were Muslims, followed by Hindus (4.29%) and Christians (5.36%). A large proportion (74.29%) resided in rural areas. Educationally, 55.36% had completed schooling from Class VI to XII. Employment status showed that 38.93% were engaged in some form of work, while 72.50% lived in joint families. Most respondents (61.1%) reported no family history of carcinoma. Disease-related data indicated that 38.18% were in the intermediate stage (Stage II or III), and 20.21% had been living with carcinoma for five years. Lifestyle factors showed that 77.77% had no history of tobacco use, and 87.11% did not consume alcohol. A notable association was found between education and carcinoma site: 13.19% of those educated up to Class VI–XII had colon cancer, and 27.77% were in the intermediate stage. Among participants over 50 years, 27.78% had colon cancer, while 38.18% of those aged 25–50 years were in the intermediate stage. Additionally, 61.1% of respondents without a family history suffered from oral cancer, whereas only 11.11% with such a history had prostate cancer. The relationship between family history and carcinoma site was statistically significant.
Keywords: Carcinoma, Breast carcinoma, Socio-demographic factors, Cancer in Bangladesh, Tobacco use, Treatmen
Preformulation Insights into Daidzein: An Isoflavone with Therapeutic Potential
No full textDaidzein is a natural isoflavonoid derived from various plants such as soybean, and alfalfa. This research article primarily focuses on the identification of daidzein using a UV spectrophotometer & Fourier-transformed infrared spectrophotometer. The maximum absorbance of daidzein in ethanol was found to be 255 nm which is very close to the standard value. The standard curve was plotted and the regression coefficient value R2 was found to be 0.998. This research article primarily focused on identification tests, procedures, and preliminary studies, including Lambda max, FTIR spectrum analysis, partition coefficients, and melting points. Screening of lipids is also studied in this article. For the preparation of novel formulations, screening of lipids is more critical. Daidzein is completely dissolved in tocopherol α. This article primarily focuses on solubility studies of isoflavonoid (Daidzein), which belongs to the poorly soluble and poorly bioavailable BCS class IV.
Keywords: UV Spectrophotometer, FTIR, Isoflavonoid, Daidzein, BCS class, Lambda max