Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Humic nanoparticles as a tool for eliminating the toxicity of zinc L-valinate
No full textEarlier, we showed (Morozova M.A. et al., 2022) that solutions of the humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs) complex used as a solvent are applicable for increasing the solubility and colloidal stability of antiviral drugs. In this study, we investigated the ability of humates to form stable colloidal systems with chelated zinc complexes with amino acids. The study of the dispersion properties of the samples was carried out using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. There were obtained HAs and FAs dilutions that form a colloidal solution with zinc chelate complexes with specified characteristics of particle size and zeta potential. The solutions contained mainly 20 nm nanoparticles and their zeta potential was -24 mV. The toxicity was assessed using the Spirotox method. A comparative toxicological analysis of zinc valinate samples dissolved in HAs and water showed that the use of HAs as an adjuvant allows for a radical decrease in the toxicity of zinc chelate.
Keywords: extract of humic substances; fulvic acid; zinc chelate complexes; zincvalinate; toxicity; Spirotox-metho
Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions in Biosensor Technology for Healthcare and Diagnostics
Get PDFBiosensors are transforming healthcare by enabling faster, more cost-effective, and less invasive methods for disease detection, monitoring, and personalized therapy. In the future, these devices are expected to facilitate real-time data collection as replacements for traditional testing methods, which can be complex and invasive. However, the widespread adoption of biosensors in clinical practice is currently limited by several challenges. Key issues include thermal instability, variability in performance, interference from complex biological environments, and difficulties in integrating these technologies within existing healthcare systems. Additionally, the high production costs and the absence of standardized regulatory guidelines for everyday healthcare applications pose significant barriers.
Recent advances in nanotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), and stem-cell-based biosensors may help address some of these challenges. Nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles enhance the sensitivity and specificity of biosensors. Moreover, AI-driven applications can facilitate real-time data interpretation and decision-making, while stem-cell-based biosensors offer a promising new avenue for achieving realistic in vivo responses in disease detection and drug screening.
Despite these advancements, challenges such as miniaturization, ensuring safe use, biocompatibility of new materials, and data security still need to be overcome. However, as research progresses, biosensors are likely to become recognized for early disease detection, health monitoring, and personalized treatment. Continuous improvements in biosensors will enhance their credibility, make them more cost-effective, and increase their accessibility, ultimately leading to better health outcomes.
Keywords: Biosensor in Healthcare, Its advancement and Challenges
A Brief Review on Cervical Spondylosis
Get PDFCervical spondylosis is a common degenerative condition affecting the cervical spine, predominantly in individuals over the age of 40. This comprehensive review explores its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations, including cervical radiculopathy, myelopathy, and axial joint pain. The degenerative changes, originating from intervertebral disc dehydration and osteophyte formation, lead to symptoms ranging from localized neck pain to neurological deficits. Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical evaluation, supported by imaging modalities such as MRI and CT scans. Non-surgical management includes physical therapy, pharmacological interventions, and alternative therapies, including acupuncture and yoga. For severe or refractory cases, surgical options like anterior cervical discectomy and posterior laminoplasty are discussed. Despite advancements in diagnosis and management, the chronic nature of the condition necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to minimize disability and improve quality of life. This review underscores the need for further research into effective long-term treatments and preventive strategies for cervical spondylosis.
Keywords: Cervical spondylosis Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Types, Diagnosis, Surgical Treatment, Alternative treatment, non-surgical treatmen
Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel Containing Fruits Extract of Terminalia Chebula and Phyllanthus Emblica for Treatment of Acne
Get PDFAcne vulgaris is a common, chronic inflammatory condition that affects the pilosebaceous units. Conventional treatments often pose side effects and resistance issues, prompting interest in safer, plant-based alternatives. To develop and evaluate a polyherbal anti-acne gel incorporating hydroalcoholic extracts of Terminalia chebula and Phyllanthus emblica, targeting the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory pathways associated with acne. Hydroalcoholic extracts of the selected plants were prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening and quantification of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. A series of six gel formulations with varying Carbopol 940 concentrations were prepared and evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, drug content, and antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. The optimized formulation (PHG3) exhibited ideal physicochemical properties including suitable pH (6.8), high drug content (92.5%), good spreadability and viscosity, and the highest antimicrobial activity with a 22 mm inhibition zone against P. acnes. The gel remained stable under accelerated storage conditions. The formulated polyherbal gel demonstrated significant potential as a natural, effective, and stable alternative for acne treatment, offering both therapeutic efficacy and favourable topical characteristics.
Keywords: Polyherbal gel, Terminalia chebula, Phyllanthus emblica, acne vulgaris, antimicrobial, herbal formulatio
Microdosimetry assessment of the radiochemical element 177Lu in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer of the LNCaP cell line
Get PDFObjective: The aim of our study is to optimize the dose to develop a new treatment protocol for prostate cancer with 177Lu in order to reduce the irradiation of surrounding organs at risk.
Methods: A cell line, LNCaP, was used as a target for 177Lu irradiation at the cellular level. A simple linear quadratic model implemented in the MIRDcell software was chosen to describe the survival probability of cancer cells.
Results: Our model was established with an activity range per cell of 0.01 to 0.62 Bq/cell corresponding to an absorbed dose of 2 to 125 Gy respectively. However, 0.3 Bq/cell approximately 62 Gy seemed to be the most acceptable planning as it corresponds to 7.4 GBq/cycle, the typical value delivered at 100% of tumor cell coverage. Indeed, a cellular energy distribution yields a self-dose of S(N<--N) = 1.35E-03 Gy/Bq·s, indicating that the nucleus absorbs more energy. Cellular absorption is much lower than that of the nucleus, with S (C<--C) = 1.68E-04 Gy/Bq·s. A portion of the energy is deposited in the cytoplasm, and energy is transferred between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, with S (N <--Cy) = S (Cy<--N) = 1.30E-04 Gy/Bq·s. The membrane cell contributes less to the cellular dose, with S(N<--CS) = 1.30E-04 Gy/Bq·s.
Conclusion: This study shows the necessity of a personalized pre-treatment dosimetry to deliver an optimal lethal dose to tumor cells.
Keywords: LNCaP cell line, 177Lu, linear quadratic, MIRDcel
Multimodal Evaluation of the Anxiolytic Activity of Phyllanthus niruri Extract in Mice: A Comparative Behavioral and Neuropharmacological Approach
Get PDFAnxiety is a widespread mental health issue that impacts millions of individuals globally, often interfering with daily functioning and overall well-being. While conventional anti-anxiety medications like benzodiazepines are widely used, their prolonged use is often limited due to side effects such as sedation, dependence, and drug tolerance. As a result, there is increasing interest in exploring herbal remedies with better safety profiles. Phyllanthus niruri Linn., a medicinal herb widely recognized in Ayurvedic medicine for treating liver and urinary problems, is known to contain neuroactive constituents such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and alkaloids. This study aimed to assess the anti-anxiety potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of Phyllanthus niruri in Swiss albino mice using multiple validated behavioral models. The plant was collected and authenticated, then extracted using a 70:30 ethanol-water mixture and screened for key phytochemical constituents. Mice were randomly assigned into four groups: a control group, a standard group receiving diazepam (2 mg/kg), and two test groups treated orally with the extract at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. Behavioral tests including the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), Open Field Test (OFT), Actophotometer, and Rotarod were conducted to evaluate anxiety levels, movement activity, and motor coordination. The extract demonstrated a dose-related reduction in anxiety-like behaviors, with effects comparable to the standard drug, and did not cause significant motor impairment. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of active compounds likely responsible for the observed anxiolytic action. These findings support the traditional claims of Phyllanthus niruri in stress relief and highlight its potential as a safe, natural alternative for managing anxiety disorders.
Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, anxiolytic activity, hydroalcoholic extract, behavioral model
Radioprotective Potential of Oxy + (Arthrospira): A Natural Shield against Radiation
Get PDFBackground: Exposure to ionizing radiation poses serious health risks, including DNA damage, oxidative stress, and increased cancer susceptibility. Natural radioprotectors are gaining attention due to their safety and efficacy. A natural supply of arthrospira called Oxy+, which is produced in Aruba for lifefactors as a phytotherapeutic agent. Its chief ingredient is spirulina. Spirulina, a blue-green microalga, is rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and proteins, making it a promising candidate for radioprotection.
Objective: This review examines the radioprotective potential of Oxy+, focusing on its biochemical composition, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic applications in mitigating radiation-induced damage.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies focusing on Oxy+’s antioxidant properties, immunomodulatory effects, and ability to mitigate radiation-induced cellular damage were analyzed. In vivo and in vitro experimental findings were examined to assess its efficacy.
Results: Oxy+ demonstrates strong radioprotective properties due to its high content of phycocyanin, β-carotene, and phenolic compounds. These bioactive molecules scavenge free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by radiation. Studies indicate that Oxy+ enhances the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Additionally, Oxy+ modulates immune responses by promoting cytokine production and reducing inflammation. Animal studies suggest that Oxy+ supplementation improves survival rates and mitigates radiation-induced hematopoietic and gastrointestinal injuries.
Conclusion: Oxy+ exhibits significant potential as a natural radioprotector due to its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. Further clinical studies are necessary to validate its efficacy in humans and optimize dosage recommendations. Oxy+ could be a valuable adjunct in radiation therapy, space missions, and nuclear exposure scenarios.
Keywords: Oxy+; Spirulina, Radioprotection; DNA Damage, Immunomodulation, Radiation Therap
Enhanced in vivo antimalarial activity of artemether by clotrimazole against drug-sensitive and resistant Plasmodium berghei
Get PDFThe emergence of resistance parasites to currently approved artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) highlight the need for regimens incorporating repurposed antimalarials. In this study, we investigated the in vivo performance of artemether/clotrimazole combination against chloroquine-sensitive and multidrug-resistant Plasmodium berghei (Pb) in a preclinical mouse model. The antimalarial activity of artemether, clotrimazole and combination of artemether (8 mg/kg) and clotrimazole (2 mg/kg) was investigated using standard protocols for uncomplicated malaria (UM) and severe malaria (SM) in mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive Pb (CPb) and Pb ANKA (PbA), respectively. Hematological parameters (white blood cells, red blood cells, packed cell volume and haemoglobin) and lethality of infected mice in comparison with controls, tested in parallel, were also monitored. The reduction in parasitemia caused by peroral (p.o.) administration of artemether/clotrimazole combotherapy in CPb-infected mice was significantly greater than artemether monotherapy (**p<0.01), clotrimazole monotherapy (****p<0.0001) and marketed chloroquine (*p<0.05) but less than that obtained with therapeutic dosage of marketed ACT (artemether-lumefantrine) (4mg/24mg/kg x 3 days). Similarly, the reduction in parasitaemia in mice infected with PbA by the combination administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) (12.14%) was significantly higher than monotherapies of artemether (**p<0.01) and clotrimazole (****p<0.0001) but less than commercial i.m. artemether (19.17%). Importantly, the combinations administered both p.o. and i.p. ameliorated Pb-induced alterations in hematological parameters of the malariogenic mice similar with conventional antimalarial regimens (controls). Therefore, artemether/clotrimazole combination would be potential therapeutic options for UM and SM. Our ongoing research would seek to investigate the effect of encapsulating artemether/clotrimazole combinatorial regimen in nanocarriers on the antimalarial activity.
Keywords: Plasmodium berghei malaria, Clotrimazole, Drug repurposing, Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), In vivo antimalarial activity, Artemether
A Review on Types and Treatment Strategies of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Get PDFSevere Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is a rare and life-threatening congenital disorder affecting the immune system\u27s functionality due to mutations in crucial genes involved in immune cell development. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SCID, covering its genetic basis, immune system components, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies. The review emphasizes the importance of early detection through newborn screening, enabling prompt treatment and enhancing survival rates for individuals with SCID. SCID can be classified as Typical, Atypical which also includes Omenn Syndrome, atypical/leaky, variant. Gene mutations with various severe infections, diarrhea, lack of T cells, reduction in naive T cells, increase in T cells and absence of proliferative responses to mitogens, or T cells with a maternal ancestry are all characteristics of typical SCID. About a dozen genes, which together make up the rare genetic condition SCID, are chiefly responsible for its X-linked or autosomal recessive inheritance. Due to infrequent incidences, early detection and treatment may go unnoticed. CD3+ > 300 cells/L and a diminished, but discernible, proliferative response to PHA (>10-30% of the control) are characteristics of atypical SCID. Other names for it include "leaky SCID”. When there is no known gene issue and there are still 300–1500 T cells per liter with reduced function, variant SCID is diagnosed. The treatment options available to treat SCID are bone marrow transplantation also known as hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), gene therapy, enzyme replacement therapy, gamma globulins etc. The most widely used treatment with a high success rate is bone marrow transplantation (BMT), which can enable the body to once again create those vital infection-fighting cells. Blood cell production occurs in the bone marrow. Most SCID children pass away before they are two without a BMT.
Keywords: Bubble boy disease, gene therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), bone marrow transplantation (BMT), Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).
Prompt blood transfusion is the only treatment option for correction of moderate to severe anemia in diabetic foot/leg ulcers: experience from a tertiary health facility in southeastern Nigeria
Get PDFBackground/introduction: Anaemia is a common complication in patients with diabetic foot/leg ulcers (DFU) and the severity of the anaemia is a predictor of non-healing ulcers, amputation and mortality. Identification and prompt treatment of cormorbid conditions such as anaemia play a critical role in the healing of DFUs. The objective of this study was to show that the identification and prompt correction of anaemia improved outcome in patients with DFU
Methods and methodology: This was a prospective study of a case series of 10 patients admitted and managed for various degrees of DFU with or without gangrene in the medical wards of Abia State University Teaching Hospital (ABSUTH), Aba, southeast Nigeria from June 1, 2024 to September 30, 2024.
Results: Ten patients (5 males and 5 females) were enrolled in this case series with a mean age of 56 ± 9.88 years and an age range of 35 to 68 years. Five of the patients who were not anaemic at admission and during hospitalization needed no blood transfusion for their wounds to heal completely while all the four patients who had moderate to severe anaemia at presentation and had foot ulcers with gangrene of their one or more digits (Keith Wagner grade 4) and required limited amputations received several units of blood transfusion. The fifth patient who was anaemic at presentation but no gangrene (Keith Wagner grade 2) received only one unit of blood.
Conclusion/Recommendation: This study has shown that moderate to severe anaemia at presentation or while hospitalization of diabetic foot ulcer with gangrene of the digit(s) required prompt blood transfusions before healing of the wound could occur. It is, therefore, recommended that diabetic patients with foot ulcers must continually be assessed for any form of anaemiaand promptly transfused if moderate to severe anaemia is present.
Keywords: Anaemia, blood transfusion, diabetic foot/leg ulcer, Nigeria, treatment option