Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Prevalence of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients in a tertiary care hospital of Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To determine the prevalence of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients in a tertiary care hospital of Mexico.
Design: A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study conducted from January 2018, to December 2022, by review of patients\u27 medical records.
Main outcome measures: Identify the most associated oncologic diagnosis, chemotherapeutic agents, main clinical manifestations, pain intensity and the most frequently used therapeutic drugs. Descriptive data analysis was performed.
Results: A total of 250 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study, representing 29.65% of those treated at the Pain Clinic.. The mean age was 59 ± 11.3 years, and 84.4% were female. The most frequent diagnosis was breast cancer (n=126, 50.4%). Paresthesia was identified as the main symptom (53.2%). Paclitaxel was the chemotherapeutic agent most commonly used (55.2%), and pregabalin was the most prescribed treatment (39.6%). Fatigue was the most frequent comorbid symptom (26.4%, n=66).
Conclusion: The prevalence found was similar than reported in different studies. The distribution of sex, age, commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, and neuromodulatory treatment was similar to reports from other countries. The findings highlight the need for patient education and medical staff training to identify early signs of neuropathy and ensure timely referrals.
Keywords: Cancer pain, chronic pain, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropath
Phytochemical study and antibacterial activity of extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn (Sapotaceae) from Chad on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp.
Get PDFBacterial infections are a public health problem worldwide and in Chad. Vitellaria paradoxa is a plant commonly used against infections in Chad. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Vitellaria paradoxa extracts on strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp.
Aqueous and ethanolic extractions of the fruits and bark of the trunk of Vitellaria paradoxa were carried out at the Labo-ReDES of the FSSH according to standard methods of clinical pharmacology and microbiology.
The yields of the plants ranged from (16-18%). The plant extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.25 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL
The results of quantitative analysis showed that Vitellaria paradoxa fruits had a higher total polyphenol content (0.76 ± 0.002 mgAGE/g). Hydroethanolic extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa presented the higher values than aqueous extracts. The different proanthocyanidol contents of the recipe ranged from 0.22% ± 0.001 to 0.37% ± 0.003 catechin equivalents per gram.
These results demonstrate that this plant could be a potential source for developing new molecules to combat microbial infections.
Keywords: phytochemical study, antibacterial activity, Vitellaria paradoxa, Chad
Study to Conduct Prescription Audit as per Objective Elements of NABH in Medical and Surgical Wards of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Get PDFBackground: Prescriptions play a crucial role in modern healthcare, serving as a fundamental tool for physicians to communicate treatment plans and medication recommendations to patients. Writing prescriptions must comply with good practice guidelines, which can be developed through training. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to NABH norms on prescription writing of doctors and perform a prescription audit based on objective elements of NABH.
Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in the Medical and Surgery Wards of a tertiary care teaching hospital for 3 months with 300 samples. A checklist aligned with NABH objective elements was used for data collection. Compliance percentages for each element were calculated using MS-Excel, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.
Results: For the prescription audit, 300 samples were evaluated. 22% lacked patient ID numbers, 89% missed bed numbers, and 95% omitted patient weight. 100% of prescriptions contained at least one drug not written in its generic name. Errors were found in strength (9%), route (20%), and dose frequency (4%). Allergy information was absent in 65%, while 32% lacked a diet plan. Potential drug-drug interactions were identified in 26%.
Conclusion: In relation to doctors’ prescribing patterns, several errors were identified after data analysis. These findings highlight the necessity of educating prescribing doctors to write rational prescriptions and adhering to NABH standards to improve patient care and hospital quality.
Keywords: Accreditation, Compliance, NABH, Prescription audit, Quality, Tertiary care teaching hospital
Therapeutic Potential of Inderjo Talkh (Holarrhena antidysenterica) in Unani Medicine: An In-Depth Study
Get PDFBackground: Holarrhena antidysenterica, commonly known as Inderjo Talkh in Unani medicine, has been traditionally used for treating gastrointestinal disorders, fever, skin diseases, and various infections. Despite its extensive historical usage, a detailed scientific evaluation of its therapeutic efficacy remains essential.
Objective: This study aims to explore the medicinal potential of Holarrhena antidysenterica in the Unani system of medicine, emphasizing its pharmacological properties, traditional applications, and modern scientific validation.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using classical Unani texts, pharmacopoeias, and different research studies. The analysis focused on the plant’s phytochemical constituents, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic indications. Recent preclinical and clinical studies were also reviewed to assess its efficacy and safety.
Results: Holarrhena antidysenterica contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides, which contribute to its anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-oxidant properties. Unani medicine describes it as a Mufatteh (deobstruent), Musaffi-e-Dam (blood purifier), and Muhallil-e-Waram (anti-inflammatory) agent. Scientific studies confirm its role in treating amoebic dysentery, diarrhea, skin ailments, diabetes, and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, the plant exhibits immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects, supporting its therapeutic applications.
Conclusion: Holarrhena antidysenterica holds significant therapeutic potential in Unani medicine, aligning with modern pharmacological findings. However, further clinical studies are necessary to validate its efficacy, optimize dosages, and ensure safety. Integrating traditional knowledge with contemporary research can enhance its application in evidence-based medicine.
Keywords: Holarrhena antidysenterica, Inderjo Talkh, Unani medicine, gastrointestinal disorders, anti-inflammatory, phytochemicals, traditional medicine
Assessment and Comparison on Use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for the Management of Dysmenorrhea by Medical and Non-Medical Students
Get PDFBackground: Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological problems among adolescent females. It is defined as painful menses in women with normal pelvic anatomy, usually beginning during adolescence. This study aims to assess the prevalence, management practices, and associated side effects of dysmenorrhea among these students, focusing particularly on the use of NSAIDs and self-medication. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 8, 2024, to August 4, 2024, at PUSHS, GPCAR, and PUCEF in Koshi Province, Sundarharaicha. The study included 186 undergraduate female students from medical and non-medical faculties at Purbanchal University who experienced dysmenorrhea. A self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather data on demographic characteristics, menstrual history, and NSAID usage. Convenient sampling technique was used, and data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 27. Result: A total of 186 students (126 medical and 60 non-medical) were included in the study. 88.6% of students experienced dysmenorrhea, with similar prevalence rates in medical (88.1%) and non-medical students (89.6%). Among those affected, 60.8% used over-the-counter pain relievers, with a higher proportion of non-medical students (66.7%) relying on self-medication compared to medical students (57.9%). Mefenamic acid was the most preferred NSAID, used by 90.3% of NSAID users, but non-medical students showed a higher preference (95.0%) compared to medical students (87.7%). Although NSAIDs were generally reported as effective by 61.9% of users, medical students reported slightly higher effectiveness (64.4%) than non-medical students (57.5%). Side effects were reported by 75.22 % of NSAID users: Non-medical students experienced slightly fewer side effects (72.5%) compared to medical students (76.71%). Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent among both medical and non-medical students, with NSAIDs being a common management method. Despite the efficacy of NSAIDs, significant side effects were reported, particularly among non-medical students. This underscores the need for better educational programs on safe NSAID use and alternative pain management strategies.
Keywords: Dysmenorrhea, NSAIDs, Menstrual Cycle, Self-medication, Side Effects, Medical Students, Non-medical Student
A Review of novel combination therapy for mouth ulcer therapy
Get PDFMouth ulcers are a common and debilitating condition affecting millions worldwide. Conventional treatments often provide symptomatic relief but may have limitations and side effects. This review explores the potential of a combination therapy using Jasminum grandiflorum (jasmine) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi) for mouth ulcer recovery. Both plants have been used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. The review discusses the therapeutic properties of each plant, their potential synergistic effects, and the various formulation options available for topical application. Future research directions, including clinical trials and chemical profiling, are also outlined. This natural combination therapy offers a promising alternative to conventional treatments, with potential benefits including enhanced wound healing, reduced inflammation, and improved patient satisfaction.
Keywords: Mouth ulcer, Jasminum grandiflorum, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial
Scientific augmentation of BPH and its treatment in Unani medicine the review
Get PDFBackground: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), or enlargement of the prostate gland, is a prevalent condition among aging males, especially those over 50. It presents with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) that impact the quality of life. In Unani medicine, BPH correlates with conditions such as Izam Gudda-e-Mazi and is interpreted through the lens of humoral imbalance, particularly thick phlegm (Balgham Ghaliz) obstructing urinary pathways. Modern and Unani systems both recognize the progressive nature of BPH and its potential complications, such as acute urinary retention and infections. Methods: This review integrates modern scientific findings on the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment of BPH with Unani perspectives. It draws on current biomedical data—highlighting hormonal factors (like DHT and estrogen), metabolic syndrome, and inflammation—and compares them to Unani etiologies rooted in humoral imbalance and organ inflammation. Management strategies from both systems are explored, including allopathic pharmacotherapy (e.g., alpha-blockers, 5α-reductase inhibitors), and Unani therapies such as Ilaj-Bil-Dawa (herbal remedies), Ilaj-Bil-Tadbeer (regimental therapy), and Ilaj-Bil-Ghiza (dietary measures). Results: Modern medicine provides pharmacological and surgical solutions for BPH, albeit with potential side effects such as erectile dysfunction and reduced libido. Meanwhile, Unani treatment emphasizes natural, multi-herbal preparations that possess anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and 5α-reductase inhibitory properties. Herbal combinations—such as those including Nepeta ruderalis, Zingiber officinale, and Foeniculum vulgare—are traditionally used to alleviate symptoms like dysuria and urinary retention. Complementary medicine\u27s rising global popularity reflects a growing preference for safer, natural alternatives. Conclusion: The convergence of Unani and modern perspectives on BPH enhances our holistic understanding of the condition and expands the therapeutic options. Herbal formulations grounded in Unani medicine offer promising, less invasive alternatives with minimal side effects. Continued scientific validation of traditional remedies could significantly benefit BPH management by reducing reliance on surgical and synthetic pharmaceutical interventions.
Keywords: Prostate gland, Prostate enlargement, LUTS, BPH, Unani, Greco-Arab medicin
Drugs Based on Bioactive Oligopeptides
Get PDFOligopeptides, i.e. biopolymers containing up to fifty amino acids, are being recognized as first-line treatments for a growing number of disorders. The review encompasses various aspects of the application of these active pharmaceutical ingredients, ranging from methods for obtaining a peptide molecule and formulating a dosage form, including excipients and their key properties, to various information on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of peptide drugs supported by scientific experimental data, as well as modern quality control methods. The review considers that the application of peptide therapeutics covers a wide range of diseases. They include cancers of various genesis; bacterial infections; type 2 diabetes, neurological diseases, and eye diseases. The review notes that this is just a small fraction of the nosologies in which peptide bioregulators have demonstrated effective clinical activity. The review considers the role of excipients. A distinctive feature of the review is the consideration of innovative methods for quality control of peptide therapeutics. The methods include: high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, ultracentrifugation with flow-through rotors, dynamic laser light scattering, small-angle laser light scattering. The review specifically highlights the analysis of dispersion in turbid and opaque media – two-dimensional dynamic laser light scattering based on the kinetics of diffuse reflection with data analysis using a mathematical topological model. A non-invasive method for detecting intrinsic radiothermal emission of biologically active nanoparticles, which can be easily used for peptide molecules, is also described. The review presents a hypothesis according to which the background level of peptides forms a specific electromagnetic field of cells and tissues.
Keywords: peptide drugs, modern drugs, safe drugs, peptide drugs review, peptide synthesis, peptide pharmacokinetics, peptide pharmacodynamics, drug excipients
Liquid Chromatographic Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Amisulpride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Get PDFAmisulpride was quantified using a simple and reliable HPLC technique developed and validated. Acquity BEH C18 (150 x 3.0mm, 1.7µm) column as stationary phase was used to achieve chromatographic segregation. The mobile phase was a phosphate buffer pH 6.5, and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) was pumped through the column. The wavelength of the ideal choice was 248 nm. The amisulpride retention time was discovered to be 4.25 minutes. The amisulpride regression equation yielded LOD and LOQ values of 0.15µg/ml and 0.47µg/ml, respectively. The percentage of recovery of amisulpride was found to be between 99.89 and 102.32 %, respectively. The regression equation was found to be y = 44556x + 22947. Since run time and retention time were minimized, the system developed was simple and cost-effective, and it could be used for routine analysis in quality control.
Keywords: RP-HPLC, Amisulpride, Peak area, Retention time, Accuracy, Validation
Formulation and Characterisation of Flurbiprofen Nanogels Using Thin Film Hydration Techniques
No full textArthritis, a broad term used for a group of chronic and progressive disorders having inflammation of the joints, leading to pain, swelling and stiffness. The aim of the study is to develop and in-vitro evaluate a flurbiprofen nanogel formulation for anti-arthritis treatment. Flurbiprofen belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Flurbiprofen is widely used for the treatment of arthritis but having gastrointestinal side effects when administered orally. To avoid these limitations and enhance localized drug delivery, flurbiprofen nanogels were formulated using the thin film hydration technique, in which Carbopol 934 used as a gelling agent and cholesterol as a stabilizing agent. The prepared nanogel formulations were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, and in-vitro drug release. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analysis provides evidence that Flurbiprofen and the excipients used are compatible with each other. Among all batches of nanogel formulation, the optimized formulation show desirable physicochemical properties having appropriate pH, high drug content, and enhanced spreadability. In-vitro release studies confirm that the drug follows the Higuchi model of release kinetics, having a Fickian Diffusion pattern. The results suggest that the optimised flurbiprofen nanogel formulation can be considered for effective and sustained topical delivery, having reduced frequent dosing and reducing systemic side effects.
Keywords - NSAID, Nanogel, Flurbiprofen, Higuchi model, Fickian diffusion, Thin film hydration methods