Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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A Holistic Review of Thrombosis Covering Diagnosis, Conventional Treatment, Nutraceutical Prevention and Advanced Drug Delivery
No full textThrombosis, or the formation of blood clots within blood vessels, is a serious medical condition that can lead to life-threatening complications. It is a complex process involving interactions between hemostatic, hemodynamic, and surface parameters. The risk factors for thrombosis include cancer, surgery, trauma, and genetic conditions. According to research, cancer patients are at a higher risk of developing thrombosis, with venous thromboembolism being the second most common cause of death in these patients. Understanding the causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for thrombosis is crucial for preventing and managing this condition. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on thrombosis, including its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic tools, and treatment.
Keywords: Thrombosis, Blood clots, Hemostasis, Thrombolytic therapy, Anticoagulation, Cardiovascular diseas
Development of Novel Drug Delivery Systems: Nanoparticles, Microneedles, and 3D Printed Personalised Medicine
No full textThe continuous evolution of pharmaceutical sciences has led to the emergence of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) aimed at enhancing therapeutic efficacy, reducing side effects, and improving patient compliance. Conventional dosage forms often face challenges, including poor bioavailability, limited targeting, and variable pharmacokinetics. To overcome these limitations, advanced platforms such as nanoparticles, microneedles, and three-dimensional (3D) printed personalized medicines have gained significant attention. Nanoparticle-based systems enable precise delivery through controlled release and site-specific targeting, thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes in oncology, neurology, and infectious diseases. Microneedles offer a minimally invasive alternative for transdermal delivery, enhancing patient acceptability while bypassing gastrointestinal degradation and first-pass metabolism. Meanwhile, 3D printing technology has revolutionized personalized pharmacotherapy by allowing on-demand fabrication of dosage forms tailored to individual patient needs, drug combinations, and release profiles. Together, these innovative strategies represent a paradigm shift from conventional formulations toward intelligent, patient-centred therapeutics. This review discusses the principles, fabrication methods, therapeutic applications, and translational challenges of these emerging drug delivery technologies. Additionally, it highlights the integration of digital health and artificial intelligence to optimize formulation design, address regulatory considerations, and chart future perspectives for precision medicine.
Keywords: Novel drug delivery systems; Nanoparticles; Microneedles; 3D printing; Personalized medicine; Controlled release; Targeted therapy; Pharmaceutical innovation
Formulation and Evaluation of Papaya Face Pack
No full textPapaya is a tropical fruit known for its sweet taste, vibrant orange colour, and numerous skin and health benefits. Among various botanicals, papaya is rich in vitamins A, C, and E, fiber, and antioxidants. The biological source of papaya is Carica papaya. It belongs to the family Caricaceae. Papaya is known by its different names in various parts of the world, like papeeta (Hindi), parangi (Kannada), and papai (Telugu). It is rich in bioactive compounds like papain, chymopapain, carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, minerals, and flavonoids that are beneficial for skin health. Papaya’s natural skin benefits include exfoliation, skin renewal, hydration, moisturization, hyperpigmentation, skin brightening, acne control, oil regulation, anti-aging, soothing, healing, reduce blemishes, and achieving an even skin tone. Apart from the fruit, the seeds offer several skin benefits due to their rich content of antioxidants, essential fatty acids, enzymes (papain), and antibacterial compounds. Looking at the various skin benefits of papaya prompted us to formulate a cosmeceutical face pack using ripe papaya fruit, papaya seeds, Multani mitti (fuller’s earth), neem, rice, and turmeric. Apart from the papaya fruit and the seeds, other ingredients also offer numerous benefits to the skin. Regularly using natural face pack can improve skin texture, reduce blemishes, and enhance glow, as they are chemical-free and provide gentle care for all skin types. The main objective of this work is to formulate a cosmeceutical face pack incorporating papaya with other natural ingredients and evaluate its chemical, physicochemical, and microbiological properties. This face pack will naturally enhance skin health by influencing the natural benefits of papaya and its bioactive compounds.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Anti-aging, Cosmeceutical, Face pack, Multani mitti, Papaya, Skin, Turmeric
A Systematic Review on Hepatoprotective Medicinal Plants, Their Bioactive Compounds, and Pharmaceutical Formulations
No full textThe liver is a vital organ responsible for metabolism, detoxification, and maintaining physiological balance, yet it is highly vulnerable to damage from alcohol, drugs, toxins, and infections. Conventional treatments for liver disorders often have limited efficacy and may cause additional hepatic stress, highlighting the need for safer alternatives. Medicinal plants have emerged as promising hepatoprotective agents due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antiviral properties. Herbs such as Silybum marianum, Phyllanthus niruri, Picrorhiza kurroa, Curcuma longa, Tinospora cordifolia, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Boerhaavia diffusa, and Ginkgo biloba have shown significant protective effects in experimental models.2 Popular herbal formulations like silymarin and Liv-52 are widely used for liver disorders and demonstrate beneficial outcomes in preclinical studies. In India, particularly in Chhattisgarh, these plants form an integral part of traditional medicine and exhibit promising local effectiveness. However, despite strong experimental evidence, clinical validation remains limited. To achieve global acceptance, further research focusing on standardized extracts, well-designed clinical trials, and modern dosage formulations is essential to confirm the therapeutic potential of these hepatoprotective medicinal plants.
Keywords: Hepatoprotective agents, Herbal medicines, Polyherbal formulations, Liver disorder
Su’al-Qinya: Unani Perspective on Iron Deficiency Anemia, its Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Interventions
No full textAnemia, a pervasive global health concern, affects millions worldwide. This study aims to provide an in-depth examination of anemia from the perspective of Unani medicine, exploring its etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment modalities. A comprehensive review of classical Unani texts and contemporary research reveals that anemia is attributed to alterations in blood composition, impaired liver function, and nutrient deficiencies. Unani practitioners employ a holistic approach, incorporating regimenal therapy, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications to address the underlying causes of anemia. This study highlights the significance of integrating Unani principles into modern healthcare practices, providing a complementary approach to addressing anemia and promoting overall well-being. This study aims to explore the Unani perspective on anemia, examining its etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment modalities, and highlighting the potential benefits of integrating Unani principles into modern healthcare practices. This study demonstrates the relevance of Unani medicine in understanding and addressing anemia, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach to healthcare. By integrating Unani principles into modern healthcare practices, healthcare providers can offer a more comprehensive and patient-centred approach to managing anemia and promoting overall well-being.
Keywords: Su’al-Qinya, Faqru-dam, Qillatu-dam, Anemia, Unani medicine, Iron deficiency anemia
Quality Risk Management: Degree of formality, Formal and Informal QRM
No full textThe International Council for Harmonization’s (ICH) Q9 (R1): Quality Risk Management (QRM) guideline made effective from May, 2023. ICH Q9’s revision provides guidance on QRM for the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory environment. It aims to improve decision-making by offering a systematic approach that complements existing quality practices and guidelines. The document emphasizes that understanding formality in quality risk management can optimize resource usage and support risk-based decision-making by reflecting the level of importance, uncertainty, and complexity of the decision.5 QRM is the process of appropriately managing risks to product quality throughout the product\u27s life cycle in order to optimize its benefit–risk balance. It is a systematic process for the assessment, control, communication and review of risks to the quality of the medicinal product. The level of effort, formality and documentation of the quality risk management process should be commensurate with the level of risk. The overall approach for determining how much formality to apply during QRM activities should be described within the quality system. In addition, subjectivity can directly affect the effectiveness of risk management activities and the decisions made. Therefore, it is important that subjectivity is managed and minimized.1,6
Keywords: Quality Risk Management (QRM), Degree of Formality, Uncertainty, Importance, Complexity, Formal risk assessment, Informal risk assessment, QRM Techniques, QRM Tools, IC
Determination of the presence of sildenafil and tadalafil in herbal products collected in Bamako and surrounding area by HPLC at the National Health Laboratory (LNS)
Get PDFObjectives: Adulteration of herbal products can have a negative impact on the health of populations, as adulterants can lead to developmental defects, chronic diseases or death. Recently, in the literature, it has been reported that these products are used as adulterants in several traditional medicines. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to monitor synthetic adulterants in marketed liquid herbal products, which are most commonly used as strength and energy stimulants in Mali, for the safety of populations.
Methods: In this study, we investigated the presence of sildenafil and tadalafil in the most popular marketed herbal products in Mali by HPLC for regulatory measurements.
Results: A total of 16 samples were collected and analyzed, of which 14 revealed the presence of adulteration corresponding to 87%. Among these samples, 8 revealed the presence of Sildenafil and 6, the presence of Tadalafil at varying concentrations. These samples consist mostly of liquid, powder or paste preparations and are used as traditional medicines and food supplements for the treatment of physical and sexual weakness.
Conclusion: These results clearly raise the issue of adulteration of traditional medicines and food supplements used for the treatment of physical and sexual weakness in Mali by chemicals and the need to strengthen regulatory controls to prevent the falsification of these products.
Keywords: sildenafil, tadalafil, herbal product
Advancing Insights into Progression of Acute Kidney Injury with Sepsis: Early Detection and Management
No full textAcute kidney injury (AKI) associated with sepsis is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. The progression of sepsis-induced AKI (S-AKI) is complex and involves a dysregulated immune response, including systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and microvascular injury. These mechanisms compromise renal function, leading to significant challenges in management. Early detection and timely intervention are crucial to improving outcomes, yet effective treatment strategies remain elusive.
Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of S-AKI have provided critical insights into the underlying mechanisms of kidney damage during sepsis. These insights have led to the identification of potential biomarkers that can aid in early diagnosis, predict disease progression, and guide therapeutic decisions. Current management of S-AKI includes fluid resuscitation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and renal replacement therapy (RRT), aimed at stabilizing the patient and supporting renal function. Emerging therapies, such as novel pharmacological agents and approaches to modulate the immune response, are under investigation, offering promise for improving clinical outcomes. However, more research is needed to validate these treatments and ensure their safety and efficacy.
The advancing insights into the pathophysiology of S-AKI, coupled with the development of innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies is critical for improving the management of sepsis-induced kidney injury. Future research should focus on bridging the gap between basic science, clinical practice, and large-scale clinical trials to optimize care and outcomes for patients suffering from S-AKI.
Keywords: Sepsis, Acute kidney injury, Immune response, Systemic inflammation, Endothelial dysfunction, Microvascular injury
Protein Engineering: A Novel Approach in Vaccine Development
No full textDue to advances in biotechnology, immunology and molecular biology, protein engineering has been an innovative technique for the development, optimization and production of vaccine. Deliberate alternation in the protein structure causes the improvement or change in the properties of the protein and due to this approach modification of the antigens for inducing the strong immune response is possible thus creating a benchmark in vaccine development. Recombinant DNA Technology, Epitope Mapping, Molecular Display Systems, Fusion Proteins and Designing of virus like particles are some of the key techniques in the protein engineering. Development of the various vaccines such as Hepatitis B vaccine, HPV Vaccine and Covid-19 Vaccine are some of the successes of protein engineering approach. However, there are some challenges associated with the techniques such as Antigen Stability, Immune Evasion and High production cost. Study of structure function relationship is a crucial part of the vaccine development.
Keywords: Protein Engineering, Antigens, Recombinant DNA Technology, Epitope Mapping, Immune Evasion
Medicinal Uses of Macromycetes Among Populations in Ecological Zone II of Togo
Get PDFObjective : To comprehensively document the medicinal uses of macromycetes among the riparian populations of Ecological Zone II of Togo, with a view to their sustainable management.
Material And Methods : The mushrooms were collected from the vegetation formations of the ecological zone and then presented to the local riparian population. The medicinal mushrooms were identified by the local population, who specified the type of disease treated, the mode of use, and the dosage. For species identification, macroscopic and microscopic studies were conducted on each species, allowing for the determination of their names.
For statistical analyses, the R software was used for Correspondence Factor Analysis, and the Canoco software was used for PCA analyses.
Résultats : The bivariate analysis shows that the use of medicinal mushrooms is not linked to ethnicity (Chi-2 = 96.105; p = 0.106). The Correspondence Analysis (CA) reveals three groups of diseases : G1 (mild conditions) treated by the Tem and Kabyè, G2 (more severe pathologies) treated by the Bassar, and G3 (serious diseases such as cancer and diabetes) cited by the Nawdba and Moba. The Dim1 (42.7%) and Dim2 (25.8%) axes together explain 68.5% of the variance, highlighting a severity gradient of diseases. The PCA analysis shows that different populations exploit various fungal species to treat different diseases, with a single species capable of addressing multiple ailments. Six groups are distinguished based on their medicinal properties: G1 (Termitomyces schimperi, Volvariella earlei) linked to immunity and cancer, G2 (Pleurotus sp.) associated with diabetes, G3 (Polyporus squarrosulus) with asthma, G4 (Ganoderma colossus) with hormonal disorders, G5 (Daldinia eschscholzii) with ulcers, and G6 (Phellinus sp.) with cardiovascular diseases. Ganoderma lucidum, positioned at the center, appears to have a broad therapeutic spectrum.
Conclusion : The use of medicinal mushrooms transcends ethnic boundaries and adapts based on transmitted knowledge and encountered pathologies. PCA has identified the species with the highest therapeutic potential according to medical indications.
Keywords : Medicinal mushrooms, Ethnopharmacology, Principal Component Analysis, Ecological Zone II, Tog