Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics (JDDT)
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Cannabis Compounds: Docking and Dynamics Study
Get PDFCannabis molecules exhibit significant therapeutic potential, offering promising prospects in healthcare. This in silico study aims to evaluate the affinity and stability of non-psychotropic cannabis-derived compounds (CBC, CBD, CBG, CBN, and β-Cannabispiranol) with CB1 and CB2 receptors to identify the ligand with the highest interaction potential.
Using MOE (Molecular Operating Environment) for molecular docking and GROMACS for molecular dynamics simulations, the interactions between these ligands and their targets were analyzed. Results reveal that cannabis compounds interact favorably with both CB1 and CB2 receptors, with a clear preference for CB2.
CBG demonstrated the highest affinity with CB2 (-7.9008 kcal/mol), forming two key bonds: an H-arene bond and a hydrogen bond with phenylalanine 183. The CB2-CBG complex exhibited remarkable stability over 8000 ps, with an RMSD of 0.6993 Å. CBD showed the best affinity with CB1 (-7.4857 kcal/mol), forming a hydrogen bond with methionine 363 and an RMSD of 1.6918 Å, also within acceptable limits.
In conclusion, CBG emerges as the most promising ligand due to its stable, reversible interaction and high affinity potential with CB2.
Keywords: Cannabinoids, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, type 1 cannabinoid receptors, type 2 cannabinoid receptors
Effectiveness of fluoroscopy-guided lytic inhibition of splanchnic nerves with phenol at 2 levels versus 1 level in upper abdominal visceral pain
Get PDFObjective: To determine the effectiveness of phenol-based lytic inhibition of the splanchnic nerves at two levels versus one level, guided by fluoroscopy, in patients with upper hemi-abdominal visceral cancer pain.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with upper hemi-abdominal visceral cancer pain treated at the Pain Clinic of the National Cancer Institute, Mexico. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS V25.0.
Results: Pain reduction was evaluated in 85 patients who underwent INE (65 at one level and 20 at two levels). Most patients experienced a short-term reduction in pain intensity (2 hours and 1 week) assessed using the ENA scale, with a decrease of 1 to 3 points in one-level INE and 2 to 3 points in two-level INE. In the long term, some patients maintained analgesia, with an average reduction of 4 points at one month and 3 points at three months in both groups. Opioid consumption (MED) decreased post-procedure in both groups, with an average reduction of 11.02 mg/day in the one-level INE group and 24.7 mg/day in the two-level INE group. Additionally, patients reported high levels of satisfaction (Likert Scale 4/5 or 5/5).
Conclusions: The procedure is equally effective for patients undergoing one-level or two-level lytic INE. Pain control was greater in the group of patients treated with a two-level approach, as reflected in post-procedure MED, which showed a greater reduction in patients undergoing two-level INE. The satisfaction level was classified as satisfied or very satisfied, indicating that performing this procedure at either one or two levels is useful for controlling visceral cancer pain.
Keywords: Cancer pain, lytic inhibition, splanchnic nerve
Study on Formulation and Evaluation of Nutritional Fruit Peel Bar
Get PDFThe peels of vegetables and fruits can result as nutritional components of food or medicinal components of pharmaceutical products, as they contain various phytochemicals and nutrients. Sapota is bioactive compound that have many biological activities including Antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, psytotoxic and antiarthretic properties. These properties may help prevent chronic degenerative disease like cancer, diabetes, neurological infection and cardiovascular disease. The calcium and phosphorus in the sapota peel are essential for maintaining strong bones. Using it as nutritional weight loss bar contain many benefits like no added sugar, extra fat as this bar contains only natural sugar and essential fat. Fruit bars are prepared by combining different ingredients which are wholesome and nutritional rich.
Keywords: Sapota peel, Fruit peel bar, Weight loss bar, Nutrition supplement, Fruit waste, Chicoo Peel bar.
An Updated Perspective of Silk Fibroin-Nanoparticle as a Carrier for Controlled Drug Delivery
Get PDFThis article illustrates a comprehensive review of the use of silk fibroin nanoparticles as a carrier for controlled drug delivery. The article begins by introducing the idea of controlled drug delivery and its importance in modern medicine. The technique, process, and drug-loading capabilities of silk fibroin nanoparticles are then discussed in detail, along with their advantages over other drug delivery systems. The review also examines the potential applications of silk fibroin nanoparticles in various biomedical fields, including cancer therapy, wound healing, and tissue engineering. The paper concludes by highlighting the current challenges and prospects for the development of silk fibroin nanoparticles as an efficient drug delivery system. However, this paper provides valuable insights into the potential of silk fibroin nanoparticles for targeted and controlled drug delivery, making it a useful resource for researchers in the field of drug delivery and biomaterials.
Keywords: Silk fibroin, Biomaterials, Nano-particles, Drug delivery, Controlled release
Application of Acetylated Corn Starch as a Sustained Release Formulation in Metronidazole Tablets
Get PDFObjective(s): This study aimed to assess the impact of acetylation on the disintegrant properties of corn starch and evaluate its effectiveness as a sustained release formulation in metronidazole tablets.
Design: Experimental study involving acetylation of corn starch using acetic anhydride.
Intervention(s): Formulation of granules with varying concentrations of acetylated corn starch as disintegrant, followed by tablet production.
Main Outcome Measure(s): Disintegration time, sustained release of metronidazole, tablet properties (friability, hardness, content uniformity), and release kinetics.
Results: Acetylated corn starch increased disintegration time, resulting in sustained release of metronidazole over several hours. Tablets met standard requirements for friability (<1% weight loss), hardness (>5 kg/cm²), and content uniformity (>90% active ingredient). The release profile showed a controlled release pattern, indicating the potential of acetylated corn starch as a sustained release polymer.
Conclusion:
Acetylation successfully modified corn starch, making it an effective polymer for sustained release metronidazole tablets. This study demonstrates the potential of acetylated corn starch in formulation development for sustained release applications.
Keywords: Disintegration, Acetylation, Sustained Release
A Review on Comparative studies on Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Mentha piperita L with Special Reference to Kurdistan, Iraq
Get PDFPeople have been using plants in treating various diseases and obtaining successful results since old ages. Most of these plants have become natural medicines as a result of coincidences or curious practices. Different treatments by using different plants have been carried out and proven to be healing and plants have become significant and popular among people in a short period. Medicinal plants still play an important role in the Kurdish community. Iraq is home to a rich variety of plant species, including many with medicinal properties. However, only a limited number of fragmented ethnobotanical investigations focusing on the Kurdistan region have been documented in scientific publications. Therefore, exploring Kurdish ethnobotanical traditions is essential for gaining insight into local uses of medicinal plants and how these practices relate to those in neighboring regions. Among several plants, Mentha piperita L. (M. piperita, Peppermint) is one of the herbs most widely used in Iraq, with a long history of safe use in medicinal preparations. M. piperita is a medicinal plant that has received more attention from both food and pharmaceutical industries because of its health benefits for human society. M. piperita leaf is used as a remedy for common cold, inflammation of the mouth, pharynx, liver, as well as disorders in the gastrointestinal tract such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, flatulence and dyspepsia. Peppermint oil has the most uses, and use data on the oil are considered relevant to the leaf extract formulations as well. This herbal preparation is used in cosmeceuticals, personal hygiene products, foods, and pharmaceutical products for both its flavoring and fragrance properties. It also has a variety of therapeutic properties and is used in aromatherapy, bath preparations, mouthwashes, toothpastes, and topical preparations. The aim of this review is to show that several studies have demonstrated the presence of many different chemical compounds in M. piperita and their pharmacological effects in Iraq. Furthermore, we may say that M. piperita is a promising plant that may offer low-cost alternative strategy for the use in medicine and in food industry in Iraq.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Mentha piperita, Peppermint, Iraq, Cosmeceuticals, Polyphenol
Recent Advances in Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Preparation: Methods, Ingredients, and Routes of Administration
Get PDFObjective: To identify the importance of Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), their most recent methods of preparation and the drugs, lipid(s) and surfactant(s) most recently used for carrier development. Methods: Original articles were identified through searches of MEDLINE/PubMed for within the last 5 years (2020-February 2025), with the following search terms; solid lipid nanoparticles. The main aim was to find original articles/ research, this led to another search but excluded evaluation. Study Selection and exclusion criteria: Articles that discussed active pharmaceutical “drugs” were selected for this study and exclusion criteria of “NOT review NOT MRNA NOT DNA NOT RNA” to narrow down the articles. Data Synthesis: More than 500 articles were identified and further reviewed in the literature and were categorized according to the method in which the SLN were prepared; homogenization and/or high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonication, solvent injection and/or solvent evaporation phase inversion, microemulsion/emulsification, nano spray drying and/or others and combination methods. Conclusion: As more specific drug targeting and drug delivery systems become more of an interest in the drug development field, solid lipid nanoparticles will be of continuance importance for a strategic role in nanoparticle formulations.
Keywords: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), Homogenization, Ultrasonication, Solvent injectio
TLC Profiling and Phytochemical Evaluation of Kaempferia parviflora Rhizome: A Rich Source of Bioactive Metabolites
Get PDFThe present study investigates the phytochemical composition and chromatographic profiling of the hydroalcoholic extract of Kaempferia parviflora rhizome. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of key secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, steroids, glycosides, terpenoids, and volatile oils, supporting the plant\u27s ethnomedicinal significance. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis was performed using four solvent systems of varying polarity to optimize the separation and visualization of constituent compounds. Distinct and well-resolved bands were observed under UV light (254 nm and 365 nm), with Rf values ranging from 0.08 to 0.97, indicating a rich diversity of polar and moderately polar phytochemicals. Derivatization with vanillin-sulfuric acid further confirmed the presence of compound classes such as flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and glycosides. The comprehensive phytochemical and chromatographic profiles obtained in this study underscore the potential of K. parviflora as a valuable phytopharmaceutical candidate, laying the groundwork for further bioactivity-guided isolation and anticancer assessment.
Keywords: Kaempferia parviflora, Black ginger, Phytochemical analysis, TLC analysis, hydroalcoholic extract
Prescription Pattern of Antimalarial Drugs in Two Secondary Health Facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria
Get PDFBackground: Malaria is a major public health problem and is still accounting for increased morbidity and mortality till date when not properly treated. It is caused by species of the parasite, Plasmodium of which P.falciparum is mostly implicated. The disease burden is still very high in Nigeria where it accounts for more cases and deaths than any other country in the world. Prescription practices have been shown to influence the emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs2
Objective: To assess the prescription pattern of antimalarials in adults at two secondary health facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria
Method: Prescription pattern of antimalarial drugs was carried out at General Hospitals Terabor and Ahoada with collection of data from medical records of 299 and 339 case notes respectively of malaria patients which were sorted out from the records for a period from January 2016 - September 2019. Essential data collected were age, type of anti-malarial prescribed, other drugs on prescription, total number of drugs per prescription and injectables prescribed. Descriptive statistics from Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) was used for the analysis.
Results: The result showed that Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) was the most frequently prescribed antimalarial with Arthemeter/Lumefantrine having a prescription frequency of 181 (60.5%) and 248 (73.1%) respectively for Terabor and Ahoada General Hospitals followed by Dihydroartemisinin/Piperaquine 70(23.4%) and 58(17.1%) then Artesunate – Amodiaquine 17 (5.7%) and 12 (3.5%) respectively. The non-ACTs prescribed were Injection Artemether [ 8(2.7%) and 2(0.6%)]; Injection Arteether [7(2.30) and 15 (4.4%)]; Inject ion Artesunate [11(3.7%) and 3(0.9%)]; Quinine [3(1.0%) and 1(0.3%)] all for Terabor and Ahoada General Hospitals respectively. Also, Sulphadoxine/Pyrimethamine 2 (0.7%) for Terabor and none for Ahoada.
Conclusion: Artemisinin-based combination therapies were most frequently prescribed as antimalarial drug in the two Health facilities. This indicates adherence to WHO 2015 Guideline on the prescription of anti-malarial medications for uncomplicated malaria. However, adherence to National Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Malaria was not total. Percentage of drug prescribed using unbranded generic names was much lower as prescriptions were majorly either in innovator brand name or branded generic names.
Microbiome Engineering for Detoxification of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Pesticides, Dyes, Dioxins, Arsenic (As), Mercury(Hg), Lead (Pb), Cadmium(Cd), Chromium(Cr)(VI), Pharmaceuticals and Microplastics: Challenges and Future Directions
No full textEnvironmental pollution from hydrocarbons, heavy metals, plastics, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and emerging contaminants poses severe ecological and public health risks. Microorganisms offer natural detoxification potential, yet their native capabilities are often insufficient for large-scale remediation. Advances in synthetic biology, microbial consortia engineering, host-microbiome modification, and computational modelling now allow the rational design of engineered microbiomes for pollutant degradation. This review synthesizes current knowledge on microbiome pollutant interactions, engineering strategies, case studies, and the associated ecological, regulatory, and technological challenges. Future directions, including AI-guided design, multi-omics integration, circular bio-economy applications, and human microbiome-based detoxification, are highlighted to provide a roadmap toward sustainable and safe environmental bioremediation
Keywords: Microbiome engineering, environmental pollutants, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides, pharmaceutical