Theory and Practice of Jurisprudence (E-Journal - Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University)
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Конституційно-правовий статус адвокатури України
Get PDFProblem formulation. One of the conditions of Ukraine’s integration into the European Union is building of such an advocacy system and creation of legislation on its organization and operation, which standards would represent the democratic legal advocacy model. Because only with the proper functioning of this institution the development of democracy and the rule of law are possible, what, in turn, is one of the main criteria for Ukraine’s membership in the European Union. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of the advocacy legal status in one way or another is considered in the works of foreign and domestic scientists. However, firstly, most studies were conducted before the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «About advocacy and legal practice» 2012, secondly, many issues still require their scientific research, including from the point of view of the revaluation of the role and importance of the advocacy in the light of European integration aspirations of Ukraine. Presentation of the research main material. The article gives the definition of the constitutional and legal status of advocacy in Ukraine, its purpose and functions at the present stage of the statehood development, the relationships between the advocacy and the public, including the judiciary, civil society are investigated, the existence of the institution of legal lawyer’s aid are substantiated on the basis of the analysis of international documents, domestic legislation and scientific literature on these issues. Conclusion. Fundamental in determining the advocacy place and role as one of the human rights institutions of the state is that at the same time it is an integral part of the state machinery of the administration of justice and vital for the effective functioning of the judiciary, designed to control constitutionally the activity of executive and legislative power in the sphere of ensuring the constitutional rights and freedoms. The advocacy place in the modern legal system can be characterized as a way of limiting state power by means of establishment and operation of an independent human rights institution that facilitates with its activity to implement the constitutional function of the state – to realize and to protect human rights and freedoms. Constitutional-legal status allows lawyers to participate actively in ensuring the rights not only of every individual but also the whole civil society, to implement a human rights function effectively, providing interoperability of the institutional systems of the state and civil society.На основе анализа международных документов, отечественного законодательства и научной литературы определен конституционно-правовой статус адвокатуры Украины, ее назначение и функции на современном этапе развития государственности, исследованы взаимоотношения адвокатуры с органами государственной, в том числе судебной власти, гражданским обществом, обосновано существование института правовой помощи адвокатаНа основі аналізу міжнародних документів, вітчизняного законодавства та наукової літератури визначено конституційно-правовий статус адвокатури України, її призначення та функції на сучасному етапі розвитку державності, досліджено взаємовідносини адвокатури з органами державної, в тому числі судової влади, громадянським суспільством, обґрунтовано існування інституту правової допомоги адвокат
Конституційне закріплення свободи совісті: основні напрямки розвитку
Get PDFThe paper explores the constitutional legislation of Ukraine regarding the legalstatus of religious associations, formulating proposals for its improvement inaccordance with international legal standards.The legal status of religious associations and their correlation within and withthe state are bound to the recognition and implementation of freedom of conscience.While consolidating the principle of freedom of conscience constitutions of moderndemocracies do not define the scope of this principle’s legal regulation. Thus creatingartificial complications when defining the substance of the legal status of religiousassociations, built on the foundation that is freedom of religion. Therefore, thedesignation of ways and approaches to the constitutional regulation of freedom ofconscience and association are both theoretically and practically important researchdirections in the theory of law.The article focuses on the analysis of methodological development principlesof national constitutional law on religious associations. The author reveals theconstitutional model of church-state relations in Ukraine, which is a prerequisite tothe analysis of the current state of constitutional recognition of freedom of conscienceand the right of association in Ukraine. The author also dwells on the issue ofestablishing legal grounds for the restriction of freedom of religion, and the analysisof Ukrainian citizens’ complications when exercising the right of alternative servicefor religious or other reasons.As an outcome of the research, the author defines and analyzes the mainapproaches to the improvement of the constitutional legislation of Ukraine in terms ofregulation of freedom of conscience and activity of religious associations inaccordance with European legal standards.Проанализировано конституционное законодательство Украины, регулирующее правовой статус религиозных объединений, сформулированы предложения по его совершенствованию в соответствии с международно-правовыми стандартамиДосліджено конституційне законодавство України, що регулює правовий статус релігійних об’єднань, сформульовано пропозиції щодо його вдосконалення відповідно до міжнародно-правових стандарті
Прийняття тактичних рішень у ситуації протидії розслідуванню злочинів
No full textConsider the concept of "countering the investigation" as well as tactical decisions in a situation to counter crimes investigation.Рассмотрено понятие «противодействие расследованию», а также вопросы принятия тактических решений в ситуации противодействия расследованию преступлений.Розглянуто поняття «протидія розслідуванню», а також прийняття тактичних рішень у ситуації протидії розслідування злочинів
Іпотека майнових прав на нерухоме майно
Get PDFIn the article are considered issues of problem of rights to immovable propertyas mortgage, property rights for real estate, which the mortgagor has not yet, analysedlegal mechanisms of collateral rights to an apartment in a house that has not yet beenlaunched, and the jurisprudence that has developed over the categories of disputes inrecognition of the mortgage contracts invalid.Main emphasis is on the fact that the Law of Ukraine "On Mortgage" specifiesthe requirements for property that can be mortgaged, and the peculiarities of themortgage object, as an object under construction. Although the spread of law regimeto other immovable objects under this law does not say as such can serve other rights.They are in particular property rights to the property, which will become the propertyof the mortgagor after the conclusion of the mortgage contract; right to lease or use ofreal estate, which provides the tenant or person to build, own or dispose ofimmovable property.It is concluded that the real estate as mortgage offeredare considered a numberof items:a) purely immovable things, i.e. those that match the attributes provided in theCivil Code of Ukraine;b) things that are within the fixed mode, though by their nature they aremoving;c) property rights, i.e. other objects.Specified difficulty to consider the subject of ownership of real estate propertyrights, which mortgagor does not have. At least, no grounds for the assertion of thatpossibility is not provided the lack of "material substrate" of such proprietary rights.However, we have to value mortgage not only as its nature as real estate, but interms of capacity to ensure proper performance of the contract. Especiallyconsidering that in fact, the property rights to immovable property, which does notexist at the time of the mortgage contract, is a potential thing.Argumented that claims for invalidation of mortgage agreements aimed atpreventing the proper performance of the contract, secured by mortgage andforeclosure of its subject. Links to independent mortgaged thing thus can not be takeninto account by the courts when resolving these disputes.Раскрыты проблемы прав на недвижимое имущества как предмет ипотеки, имущественные права на недвижимость, которых у ипотекодателя еще нет, проанализированы правовые механизмы залога прав на квартиру в доме, который еще не сдан в эксплуатацию, судебная практика, которая сложилась по поводу категории споров по признанию договоров ипотеки недействительнымиРозкрито проблеми прав на нерухоме майно як предмет іпотеки, майнові права на нерухомість, якої ще в іпотекодавця немає, проаналізовано правові механізми застави права на квартиру в будинку, який ще не здано в експлуатацію та судову практику, що склалася з приводу категорії спорів по визначенню договорів іпотеки недійсним
Закордонний досвід оптимального співвідношення різних форм власності в комунальному господарстві
Get PDFThe article analyzes the experience of different countries onthe use of various forms of ownership of public utilities. There are three mainanalyzes models such use. The first one involves the complete privatization of lifesupport.Paper main body. The most typical representative of this model is the UnitedKingdom, where the widespread view that for optimal results it is necessary tointroduce competition wherever possible develop a clear short-term contracts andcreate bodies that monitor their implementation. The second model involves acombination of municipal ownership of utilities and management by the privatesector under long-term leases and related investment transactions. This modelfuktsionuye in France, where public utilities are mostly run by the commune. Acommon application is the concession of public services, under which the companytransferred the utilities sector commissioned a private firm. Finally the latest model,which is represented in Germany, on which are joint stock companies within theindustry, where the main percentage held by the municipality.It is noted that in the 80 years of XX century about 100 countries, includingdeveloped capitalist, took up the privatization of communal areas. Thus, the processof privatization of municipal services in various European countries took place indifferent ways, but the result was the same: this led to significant negativedevelopments in this area, the victims were employees of the privatization of utilitiesand public.Conclusions of the research. Based on test material and taking into accountnational circumstances, are concrete proposals on the use of positive experience inthis respect to Ukraine. First of all it concerns necessary to work out a balancedpolicy funding on the Communal Economy at the appropriate level. It should benoted that whatever the financial capacity of the state, the proper resolution of thisissue on its own but impossible. So acutely necessary for the proper functioning ofthe industry, attracting private investment and, therefore, the problem of determiningthe optimal ratio of different forms of ownership in relation to the housing andcommunal services.The next important issue that needs to be addressed, the issue of operation andmaintenance of housing and communal services. I should say this might notnecessarily be the owner of the property. These powers can be transferred to otherpersons on the basis of appropriate agreements.Another important aspect is the issue of proper competition services in housingand utilities. Only relevant competition can become the economic lever that will forceproviders of utility services to improve their quality and reduce prices for consumersstruggling.Проанализирован опыт различных стран мира по использованию различных форм собственности на объекты коммунального хозяйства. Выделено три основных модели такого использования. С учетом национальных особенностей даны конкретные предложения по использованию положительного опыта в этом аспекте для УкраиныПроаналізовано досвід різних країн світу щодо використання різних форм власності на об’єкти комунального господарства. З урахуванням національних особливостей зроблено конкретні пропозиції щодо використання позитивного досвіду в цьому аспекті для Україн
Деякі проблеми державної реєстрації у сфері спадкових правовідносин
Get PDFIn the article the problems of state registration are analysed as the multidimensional phenomenon which touches as civil laws, including a right on an inheritance, right of ownership, so legal facts. The questions of state registration are probed in the sphere of inheritance, in particular complications of decision of moment of origin of right of ownership on the real estate at an inheritance. Correlation of right is analysed on an inheritance and ownership rights.Проанализированы проблемы государственной регистрации как многоаспектного правового явления, которое распространяет свое действие на субъективные права, включая прав на наследство, право собственности, так и юридические факты. Исследованы вопросы государственной регистрации в сфере наследования, в частности определение момента возникновения права собственности на недвижимое имущество при наследовании.Проаналізовано проблеми державної реєстрації як багатоаспектне явище, що стосується як цивільних прав, включаючи право на спадщину, право власності, так і юридичних фактів. Досліджено питання державної реєстрації у сфері спадкування, зокрема складнощі визначення моменту виникнення права власності на нерухоме майно при спадкуванні
Міжнародний валютний фонд у системі міжнародних економічних організацій
No full textThe factors of creation and role of international economic organizations, and also place of IMF, are examined in their classification in the article. The main role of IMF is underlined in the system of the international economic organizations.Рассматриваются факторы создания и роль международных экономических организаций, а также место МВФ в их классификации. Подчеркивается значение МВФ в системе международных экономических организаций.У статті розглядаються фактори створення та роль міжнародних економічних організацій, а також місце МВФ в їх класифікації. Підкреслюється велике значення МВФ в системі міжнародних економічних організацій
Свобода як ціннісна основа правової держави
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the definition of the legal nature of freedom, it guarantees. Freedom is considered as the principle of the rule of law. Analyzes the consolidation of freedom in the constitutions of different countries.Статья посвящена определению юридической природы свободы, ее гарантий. Свобода рассмотрена как принцип правового государства. Проанализировано закрепление свободы в конституциях разных стран.Визначено юридичну природу свободи та її гарантії. Свободу розглянуто як принцип правової держави. Проаналізовано закріплення свободи в конституціях різних країн
Поняття і значення юридичних фактів у динаміці фінансових правовідносин
Get PDFIn today’s legal reality there are new search for ways toachieve the stability of legal relations. The industry of financial law is not anexception. At the same time it is necessary to note that in this situation increases theinterest of scientists to study the circumstances that give rise to the emergence,change or termination of financial relations - legal facts, the definition of theirconcept and importance of the dynamics of this kind of public relations.Releavance of the research topic: Indeed, the legal facts in the movement ofall types of legal relations are very important because financial (and other) legalrelations are dynamic legal phenomenon, the essence of which might be revealedduring its respective stages of development: the emergence, change and termination.Recent research and publications analysis: Fundamentals in the study oflegal facts were laid by such theorists and financiers such as: S. S. Alekseyev, V. B.Isakov, S. A. Zinchenko, O. A. Krasavchikov, N. P. Kucheryavenko, A. P. Orlyuk,G. F. Shershenevich, M. D. Shargorodskiy and others. At the same time, theconcept and value of legal facts in the dynamics of financial relations is littleexplored.Paper objective: With this in mind, the purpose of the article is to analyzedifferent points of view regarding the designated topic.Paper main body: It is significant that even the concept of "fact" is quitecommon, however, it is treated very ambiguous. Among jurists legal factstraditionally defined as the specific circumstances of life, with the onset of thefinancial rules of law which bind the emergence, change and termination of legalrelations. Legal facts in the financial and legal regulation have a number ofcharacteristics: consolidation in the financial rules of law; reasonableness; the abilityto determine the legal consequences; concreteness; descriptiveness; clearance;effectiveness (the actual occurrence).The essence of financial legal relations, which are dynamic legal phenomenonmight be revealed during its respective stages of development: the emergence, changeand termination. And particular importance here is acquire legal facts. Taking thisinto account, "the legal consequences that follow on the basis of legal facts, in themost common way can be reduced to the main phases of the existence of legalrelations - their emergence and termination, as well as change." At the same time it isimportant to emphasize that the legal facts are not only generate, change or cancel thefinancial relations, but also "correct" in a certain way those rights and duties of theparticipants of financial activities which occur within the relevant legal relations;ensure the implementation of the rights and duties of relevant actors in their actualbehavior. They advocate direct legal basis of origin of the subjective rights ofindividuals in specific legal relations, a kind of transition means of a legal entity tothe appropriate subjective right, take an independent place in the mechanism of legalregulation, as they provide a transition from the state normative regulation of socialrelations to the individual through the prescribed in the law subjective rights andcorresponding duties.Conclusions of the research: We believe that legal facts have the followingfunctions: emergence, change and termination of financial legal relations; legalconstitutive; constructive; garantee; informative; individual regulation.В статье раскрыто понятие и значение юридических фактов в динамике финансовых правоотношений. Указано, что сущность финансовых правоотношений, которые представляют собой динамическое правовое явление, возможно раскрыть в ходе его соответствующих этапов развития: возникновения, изменения и прекращения. В то же время юридические факты не только порождают, изменяют или отменяют финансовые правоотношения, но и «корректируют» определенным образом те права и обязанности участников публичной финансовой деятельности, которые возникают в пределах соответствующих правоотношений; обеспечивают реализацию прав и обязанностей соответствующих субъектов в фактическом их поведении; выступают непосредственным юридическим основанием возникновения субъективных прав лиц в конкретных финансовых правоотношениях, своеобразным средством перевода правосубъектности в соответствующее субъективное право, занимают самостоятельное место в механизме правового регулированияРозкрито поняття та значення юридичних фактів у динаміці фінансових правовідносин. Вказано, що сутність фінансових правовідносин, які являютьть собою динамічне правове явище, можливо розкрити в перебігу його відповідних етапів розвитку: виникнення, зміни й припинення. У той же час юридичні факти не лише породжують, змінюють або скасовують фінансові правовідносини, а й «корегують» певним чином ті права та обов’язки учасників публічної фінансової діяльності, що виникають в межах відповідних правовідносин; забезпечують реалізацію прав та обов’язків відповідних суб’єктів у фактичній їх поведінці; виступають безпосередньою юридичною підставою виникнення суб’єктивних прав осіб у конкретних правовідносинах, своєрідним засобом переведення правосуб’єктності у відповідне суб’єктивне право; займають самостійне місце в механізмі правового регулюванн
Обсяг відшкодування шкоди державою фізичній особі, яка потерпіла від кримінального правопорушення. Право регресу держави до винної особи
Get PDFProblem setting: According to the domestic legislation the state fully assumed the responsibility of investigating crimes and finding the perpetrators of these crimes, eliminating the possibility of personal revenge of a victim before a criminal (vigilante). However, these tasks can only be performed if you implement at least two complementary mechanisms: the attraction of guilty persons to criminal liability and compensation for harm to a physical person, which is suffered as a result of a criminal offense. The last movement, for a number of reasons, is imperfect and inefficient, and therefore extremely problematic for today's law enforcement practices. Relevance of the research topic: For the victim of a criminal offence and the personality important is the reality and the amount of compensation of such harm, both criteria depend directly on the effectiveness and timeliness designed to ensure such compensation enforcement actions. However, due to the large percentage of unsolved crimes victims do not receive any reparation for their offence harm that is not consistent with the norms of the Civil code of Ukraine, which regulate relations in the sphere of compensation of harm not only national legislation but international legal acts ratified by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.Recent research and publications analysis: Analysis of recent research gives reason to believe that the affected problems has been the subject of research of such scientists as A. S. Alexandrov, L. M. Baranov, V. T. Bezlepkin, There.In. Blinkova, P. G. Gureev, From.With. Saturn, V. T. Nord, S. I. Ostapenko, S. Is. Sirotenko and others. However, the update of the regulatory material, in particular amendments to the Civil code ofUkraine, adoption of the new Criminal procedural code ofUkraine, can not affect scientific and practical interest in the conditions of modernity.Paper objective: Need clarification in the scope of reparation by the state physical person, the victim of a criminal offence and the right of recourse of the state to the person in fault.Paper main body: in the Civil code ofUkraine refers to the General obligation of States to compensate damage caused by a criminal offence, under appropriate conditions, however, the amount of such compensation is not specified. Therefore, as a General rule it can be argued that the harm must be compensated in full. Norms of civil legislation do not accidentally indicate that the conditions and procedure for compensation of harm caused a criminal offence determined by law, i.e. it is assumed that a special law may contain certain reservations and exceptions to the General rules of compensation for damage provided for in the Civil code ofUkraine. Limits on the amount of compensation by state for damage caused by a criminal offence, is quite fair, because the state cannot reimburse all the damage or injury, subject to certain conditions. Otherwise, individuals not to resort to methods of reducing loss in different situations, for example, individuals do not need to insure the property against criminal attacks because the government will reimburse. Civilni code of Ukraine provides that the person to compensate for damage caused by another person, has the right of return claim (regress) to a guilty person in the amount of the paid compensation if other size is not established by law, must be established wines of a particular tortfeasor in committing a crime. That is, the right of recourse of the state to the person in fault should be implemented only after determining in its actions of structure of a crime by a court that has gained legal force, because in the process of recognition of the person accused in the case, her guilt is not yet proven.Conclusions of the research: for the normal regulation of legal relations in this sphere should pass a law that would provide for: the scope, boundary limits of indemnity and the dependence of its size on material situation of the victim, as a guarantee of observance of the principle of social justice, the establishment of the order of the subrogation claim of the state to a person who has committed a criminal offenceРассмотрены проблемы реализации прав потерпевших лиц от преступления на возмещение вреда государством по законодательству Украины. Проведен анализ действующего гражданского законодательства Украины, которое регламентирует отношения по возмещению вреда государством лицу, потерпевшему от уголовного правонарушения, рассмотрены вопросы объема возмещения вреда государством, их предельные границы, зависимость размера возмещения от материального состояния потерпевшего, как гарантии соблюдения принципа социальной справедливости, установление порядка регрессного требования государства к лицу, совершившему уголовное правонарушение. Досліджено проблеми реалізації прав потерпілих осіб від злочину на відшкодування шкоди державою за законодавством України, а також чинне цивільне законодавство України, що регламентує відносини з відшкодування шкоди державою особі, яка потерпіла від кримінального правопорушення. Розглянуто питання обсягу відшкодування шкоди державою, їх граничні межі, залежність розміру відшкодування від матеріального становища потерпілого як гарантії дотримання принципу соціальної справедливості, встановлення порядку регресної вимоги держави до особи, яка вчинила кримінальне правопорушенн