Theory and Practice of Jurisprudence (E-Journal - Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University)
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Інтеграція природно-правової доктрини до еколого-правової науки, доктрини, політики та законодавства: деякі аспекти
Get PDFProblem statement. Nowadays in environmental law science, (as in legal science overall) the term «doctrine» begins to be used widely. However, so far there is no consensus not only on the merits of the latter and its functions, but even on its placement in the system of sources (forms) of law, and, by the way, there is no definite understanding regarding the general direction of development. This, in its turn, causes difficulties in the study of the system of environmental law and its place in the legal system. The topical value of the research. The relevance of the question is due to the theoretical and practical importance of the formation of such legal categories as «natural law doctrine», «environmental law doctrine», which expands the teaching on the essence and contents of environmental law, its interaction with other branches of law and not only legally oriented sciences; the influence on the formation of modern environmental legislation and the experience of its application, interpretation of environmental law regulations, the establishment of the modern state environmental policy of Ukraine. The above-mentioned categories contribute to the creation of juridical and logical model understanding and interpretation environmental relationships and their actual establishment (making law positive, legalization) in the environmental legislation. Recent research and publications analysis. Scientific and theoretical basis of researching the legal category of «doctrine» rests on the works of scientists of prerevolutionary, Soviet and modern periods in different spheres of scientific knowledge concerning the theoretical models and concepts devoted to the methodological foundations of the legal doctrine, comparative law, theory and philosophy of law, 2 theory of legal consciousness and legal culture, sources of law, such as: S. S. Alekseev, J. G. Berman, M. Y. Baytin, R. David, O. O. Zozulya, M. V. Karmalita, M. I. Kozyubra, M. M. Korkunov, S. I. Maximov, M. E. Machulskaya, V. S. Nersesyants, N. M. Onishchenko, N. M. Parkhomenko, P. M. Rabinovich, I. V. Semenikhin, etc. Also were analyzed the scientific works, which concern approaches to the concept of the so-called «revived natural law», historical and legal aspects of the doctrine development. The development of legal doctrine in the context of environmental law science has been the object of study of such scholars as: V. I. Andreytsev, G. I. Baluk, A. G. Bobkova, A. P. Getman, V. V. Kostytsky, M. V. Krasnova, N. R. Malysheva, V. L. Muntyan, V. V. Nosik, Y. S. Shemshuchenko, M. V. Shulga, G. V. Anisimova, etc. The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the place and role of natural law doctrine in the system of environmental law, for the achievement of which it is necessary to solve the following tasks: (a) investigate the scientific approaches to understanding the natural law doctrine, legal doctrine, environmental law doctrine; b) to analyze the content of environmental law doctrine, to single out its features and characteristics; (c) to reveal the special aspects of influence of this (natural law) doctrine on the environmental legal relationship, the law-making process, environmental consciousness of citizens; (d) to outline prospective directions of development of environmental law doctrine and to determine its influence on the state environmental policy taking into consideration European integration. Conclusions of the research. Environmental law doctrine should encourage: a) its use in the law-making process, the drafting of legal acts and their adaptation to European standards; b) the formulation of regulatory definitions, which will gradually turn into an important part of environmentally orientated legal acts; c) developing the Concept of environmental law and legislation progress; g) further codification of environmental legislation; e) the formation of state environmental policy etc. The development of environmental law doctrine should contribute to the regulation of environmental relations, since the former is a dynamic category, capable of 3 addressing environmental public interests and to balance them with private interests, and the needs of society – with personal environmental needs and rights of citizens.Статья содержит научно-теоретический анализ вопросов, связанных с использованием эколого-правовой доктрины при правотворчестве, разработке нормативно-правовых актов и адаптации их к европейским стандартам. Эколого-правовая доктрина рассматривается как разновидность отраслевой правовой доктрины, ее системообразующий элемент, теоретико-методологический фундамент правовой системы, источник (форма) экологического права. Автором предпринята попытка исследовать влияние естественно-правовой доктрины на формирование общетеоретических положений науки экологического права, эколого-правовой доктрины, эколого-правовых отношений, определить направления и пути совершенствования государственной экологической политики и законодательства.Стаття містить науково-теоретичний аналіз питань, пов’язаних із використанням еколого-правової доктрини у правотворчому процесі, при розробленні нормативно-правових актів та адаптації їх до європейських стандартів. Еколого-правова доктрина розглядається як різновид галузевої правової доктрини, її системоутворюючий елемент, теоретико-методологічний фундамент правової системи, джерело (форма) екологічного права. Зроблено спробу дослідити вплив природно-правової доктрини на формування загальнотеоретичних положень науки екологічного права, еколого-правової доктрини, еколого-правових відносин, визначити напрями та шляхи вдосконалення державної екологічної політики й законодавства
Питання господарсько-правового забезпечення діяльності у сфері освітніх послуг
Get PDFFormulation of the problem. Modern development of mankind requires laying the foundations of education of the individual, society, nation and state to be the key to the future ofUkraine. It is a determining factor in the political, socio-economic, cultural and scientific life of society. An urgent task – is to ensure the availability of quality education throughout life for all citizens and further strengthening its national character. The content of education and organization of educational process are continuously updated in accordance with the democratic values and the principles of market economy, modern science and technology. Instead, the central task of commercial law science – is to create high-quality mechanism of regulation of educational services.Background study confirmed the high interest of society and business entities to educational activities, while there is no significant amount of basic research on the regulation of educational services inUkraine.State study. Scientific analysis of the commercial law support educational activities inUkraine carried out a number of local scientists. Among them should be noted B.V. Derevyanko, T.P. Kozar, H.O. Ponomarenko, V. Beschasnyy and no., who served as the fundamental basis for further study of the question under consideration.The purpose and objective of the article is to study the economic and legal regulation of the organization and provision of educational services entities of different kind of property. Particular attention is paid to the types of services and their classification, provided in various educational institutions.Conclusion. Parties to the provision of educational services are subject to commercial law. Among us the education that module be entrepreneurial or nonprofit entities. Services provided navchalnmy institutions can be classified as basic services of direct transfer of knowledge and skills; additional – those that are designed to transfer knowledge and skills, but others different from basic, manner; Other educational services – are provided in education, and not educational. In extracurricular educational activities are all kinds of services, but their content is wider school curriculum.В статьеприведена классификация услуг в сфере образования. Определено, что существуют основные и дополнительные образовательные услуги, а также другие услуги. Проведён анализ особенностей предоставления услуг во внеклассном образовании Наведено класифікацію послуг у сфері освіти, зокрема, визначено основні та додаткові освітні послуги. Проаналізовано особливості надання послуг у позашкільній освіті
Організаційно-правове забезпечення функціонування генеруючих компаній в електроенергетичному комплексі України
Get PDFThe proposed Energy Strategy of privatization of energy companies, during which they need to be reorganized into public joint stock companies, means a change in the subjects of economic power in relation to assets, complete property complexes, a number of large industrial enterprises. This change has the very powerful social consequences, but their analysis must precede the establishment of the content of basic categories - economic (economic) power.It should be noted that in the process of privatization of companies - electric power industry entities, including energy companies and energy supply companies, from the perspective of systems theory the process of transformation of the conventional system with the closed into the open.Gomogentnost elemental composition of the subjects of electric power to the top of the privatization done such a system provisionally closed, because state-owned enterprises, the founder of which was the State, in accordance with the peculiarities of the legal form of a state unitary enterprise, and management unit of the system - the Ministry of Energy and NERC formed in the electricity sector a unique mode of operation when a manager is the government, and performed functional tasks elements of the system, as the economic agents of the state, created and endowed with a special personality completely in order to perform its own functions and administrative decisions in the electricity market.Almost total change of the legal form of business entities - energy suppliers, and eventually the arrival of privatization processes in the sphere of electric power generation in the context of large-scale plans in accordance with the Energy Strategy for the further restructuring of electric power industry entities in the public joint stock company shall mean a qualitative transformation elemental composition of the electricity system.В статье на основе прогноза реализации задач Энергетической стратегии Украины на период до 2030 г. по преобразованию генерирующих компаний из государственных предприятий в акционерные общества проанализированы юридические и экономические последствия такого шага. В связи с этим предложено усовершенствовать правовые формы такого преобразования с целью обеспечения основных частных и публичных интересов. Предоставлено собственное видение особенностей организационно-правовых форм таких компаний, их правосубъектности и реорганизации, а также порядка обращения корпоративных ценных бумаг.У статті на основі прогнозу реалізації завдань Енергетичної стратегії України на період до 2030 р. щодо перетворення генеруючих компаній з державних підприємств на акціонерні товариства проаналізовано юридичні та економічні наслідки такого кроку. У зв’язку з цим запропоновано вдосконалити правові форми такого перетворення з метою забезпечення основних приватних та публічних інтересів. Надано власне бачення особливостей організаційно-правових форм таких компаній, їх правосуб’єктності та реорганізації, а також порядку обігу корпоративних цінних паперів
Поняття та види міжнародних банків
Get PDFThe article focuses on the analysis of international legal nature of international banks, on the definition of international banks and their types. Highlighting the role of banks as one of the main actors of the international financial system, scientists have not yet given the definition of the term "international banks". In their turn, including the word "bank" in their names, international financial organizations do not give the concept of this legal term in their statutes. We believe that for the definition of the term “international banks” it is necessary, first of all, to determine their international legal nature and their place among the subjects of the international law. In their international legal nature and place among the subjects of the international law international banks are international organizations, and according to their type – international economic and financial organizations. International banks have all the characteristics of international organizations, and along with this they have certain characteristics. The statutes of the international banks determine the purpose of their creation and basic functions. It is the identification and analysis of the purposes of creation of international organizations that is a priority for the definition of international banks and their allocation among other international organizations. Analyzing the statutes of international banks it is possible to distinguish two main directions of the activity of international banks which have led to the establishing of two groups of goals of international banks. The first direction is shared with the main functions, which are inherent in the international economic and financial organizations. This is economic development, economic cooperation and integration in the region, economic progress and reconstruction, and investments. The other direction is providing of specific financial services which are loans, guarantees or participation in loans, the promotion and encouragement of the development of capital markets, the support of the equilibrium balance of payments, etc. These factors place banks as a special group not only among international economic institutions, but also among international financial ones. International banks have their appropriate organizational structure, independent international rights and obligations, the headquarters; they are legal persons. Thus, on the basis of the analysis of the statutes of the international banks we can arrive at the following conclusion: the international bank is the subject of the international public law established by states and other subjects of the international law in accordance with the international law and on the basis of an international agreement which has an appropriate system of bodies, rights and obligations, independent will, the amount of which is determined by the will of the Statesmembers and provides financial services and resources to the States-members on the conditions established by their constituent documents. Despite similar goals, functions and structure of the standing bodies, international banks can be classified according to several characteristics: the circle of participants which includes universal, regional, and subregional ones; according to the procedure of accepting new members which is open and closed; according to the fields of activities presenting banks with total competence and specialized international banks.Проанализована международно-правовая природа международных банков, определены их основные признаки. На основании такого анализа сформулировано понятие международного банка и проведена классификация международных банков (универсальных, региональных, субрегиональных).Проаналізовано міжнародно-правову природу міжнародних банків, визначено їх основні ознаки. На підставі аналізу сформульовано поняття міжнародного банку та здійснено класифікацію міжнародних банків (універсальних, регіональних, субрегіональних)
Планування розслідування крадіжок, учинених групами неповнолітніх
Get PDFProblem setting. The article covers the features of planning process ofcriminal proceedings according to thefts, committed by the group of minors. Theauthor considers the given element of investigative practice as the most importantpart of the preliminary investigation, on which the quality of the criminal proceedingsand its efficiency depends. The author notes that the planning on the initial phase ofthe proceedings is mostly characterized by informational uncertainty, and exactly thelack of initial data often makes an investigator be satisfied with typical version onlyin the beginning of this phase.Recent research and publications analysis. In this article the author showsthe particular recommendations on planning the investigation of thefts, committed bythe groups of minors; considers the features of its individual phases; notes that whendrawing up the initial plan of investigation, you can’t neglect the requirements of thecomprehensive and in-depth analysis of the materials, which the inquest is armedwith; the detailed elaboration of the versions; on the contrary, it is the detaileddevelopment work on provisional plan of investigation that promotes the opportunityof its perfection.Paper objective. The author as well determines the basic versions, which areincluded in the structure of the plan; notes that the most perfect investigation plan issupposed to undergo the constant correction taking into consideration newPaper main body. The article contains a conclusion that when investigatingthefts, committed by a group of minors, the correct organization of planning, welltimedbringing up of versions allows responding to committed crime quickly andmaking the most efficient use of capabilities, aimed at investigating and detection ofcrime. All the introduced versions are checked by carrying out the complex of theinvestigative and operational-research activities. Attempts of individual lawenforcementagencies’ employees to investigate these crimes without any plan leadsto complications in inquiry work, doesn’t allow implementing the system and stageby-stage approach when investigating thefts, committed by the group of minors.Рассмотрено планирование по уголовным производствах совершения краж группами несовершеннолетних как важнейшая часть досудебного расследования, от которой зависит его качество и эффективность. Разработаны соответствующие рекомендации, определены последовательность следственных (розыскных) действий и версии, которые должны быть включены в структуру планаРозглянуто планування у кримінальних провадженнях щодо учинення крадіжок групами неповнолітніх як найважливішу частину досудового розслідування, від якої залежить його якість та ефективність. Розроблено відповідні рекомендації й визначено послідовність слідчих (розшукових) дій та версії, що мають бути включені до структури план
Обов’язки спадкоємців, що виникають при спадкуванні за законом
Get PDFFormulation of the problem. One way or another, almost everyone has to deal with the inheritance. However, a person not always manages his or her property in the case of the death. The absence of the direct expression of the desire put into words in the form of the will, should not affect the stability of the civil turnover in any way and should not entail the violation of the creditors’ of the deceased rights. The target of the state in this situation is ensuring a proper heredity in the rights and obligations that do not "die" with the death of their bearer.The inheritance by law is intended to ensure the transfer of the rights and obligations, existence of which does not end with the death of a person, to the persons in his or her life who were the closest to the deceased for various reasons – a marriage, an adoption, a maintenance and so on. Ensuring their hereditary rights, defence and protection of the succession right itself together with the interests of the family and the society on the whole are the targets of the state, which are performed by means of the precise regulatory requirements that in the aggregate form the institution of the succession by law.Analysis of the recent research materials and publications. The problems arising in the hereditary relationships were examined and are being examined by the eminent scientists and specialists in civil law, among which should be emphasized: V.I. Serebrovsky, B.B. Cherepakhin, M.V. Gordon, G.F. Shershenevich, O.S. Ioffe, P.S. Nikityuk, B.L. Khaskelberg, I.V. Zhylinkova, I.V. Spasibo-Fateyeva, Y.A. Khamitsayeva, L.E. Guz, L.M. Baranova, O.P. Pechenyi, L.V. Leshchenko and others.Despite the fact that the scientists are interested in the problems of the hereditary relationships, there are still many unresolved problems, among them is the issue concerning the obligations of the heirs arising under the succession by law.Purpose of the article. Analyzing the obligations of the heirs arising under the succession by law.Presenting the main material. Civil Code of Ukraine (hereinafter - CC of Ukraine) unfortunately does not include the concept of the succession by law. Therefore, the research of the set problem should be started with the definition of the succession by law, that was formed in the theory of the civil law. The succession by law is one of the ways to transfer the property rights and obligations after the death of a person (the owner of the indicated rights and obligations) to other persons established in the law. It should be emphasized that in the hereditary relationships they are the property rights and obligations which are transferred, not the property itself.The hereditary relationships pay special attention to the obligations. First the successor faces these questions and then gives an answer during the determination process whether or not to accept the inheritance. First in the hereditary relationship there is a "concealed" subjective obligation that burdens the heritable property, stimulating the heirs to the implementation of the hereditary subjective rights.Therefore, the obligations in the hereditary relationships can be conditionally divided into two types: general and special.Conclusions. The obligations arising from the heirs’ acceptance of the inheritance can be divided into two groups: the first of them includes the debts (the obligations) of the testator himself or herself that were not repaid by him or by her during the life; the second group includes the obligations that although can not be acknowledged the obligations of the testator, but arise in connection with his or her death. These are the general obligations that must be carried out both by the heirs-at-law and by the heirs by willПроанализированы вопросы, связанные с обязанностями наследников в наследовании по закону. Предложено обязанности, возложенные на наследников, которые указаны в ГК, поделить на два вида: общие и специальные. Это даст возможность разделить обязанности, которые будут обязательны для исполнения, в первом случае, как для нааследников по закону, так и для наследников по завещанию. Во-втором случае, обязанности, которые характерны исключительно для наследников по завещаниюПроаналізовано питання, пов’язані з обов’язками спадкоємців при спадкуванні за законом. Запропоновано обов’язки, покладені на спадкоємців і визначені ЦК, поділити на два види: загальні та спеціальні. Це надасть можливість розподілити обов’язки, в першому випадку, для спадкоємців як за законом, так і за заповітом, у другому – обов’язки, які характерні виключно для спадкоємців за заповіто
Судово-фармацевтичне вивчення порушень правил обігу лікарських засобів для фармацевтичного забезпечення онкохворих
Get PDFProblem setting. Conducted a comparison of the systems of pharmaceutical provision with pharmaceutical care – providing medical products inUkraine and abroad through the introduction of health insurance and reimbursement of medicines from the state budget.Recent research and publications analysis. Quantitative analysis of the incidence of malignant neoplasms and mortality, the number of pharmacies inUkraine and Kharkiv region; the level of public spending on the program to combat cancer. Noted that the market of voluntary medical insurance inUkraine is underdeveloped (covering only 3% of the population) for a complete provision of population with necessary medicines and medical services. The basic conditions for the successful treatment of cancer. Analyzed legislative framework regulating the circulation of medicines for cancer patients inUkraine.Paper objective. The review violation circulation of medicines, pharmacy made by specialists in providing cancer. Determined that prescription drugs helps minimize forensic pharmaceutical risks (side effects, abuse, etc.). Processed work of scientists ofUkraine and other countries to ensure the cancer drugs of different pharmacological clinical, legal nomenclature and classification of legal groups.Conclusions of the research. Proposed standard-setting initiatives to improve the legal system "doctor-patient-pharmacist" and narcotic drugs for pharmaceutical providing for patients with cancer at discounted prescription from pharmacies in Ukraine and Kharkov region: expanding the definition of "pharmacy"; promoting the opening of pharmacies in rural areas and increase the number of pharmacies that carry out activities related to narcotic drugsПроведено сравнение систем фармацевтического обеспечения предоставления фармацевтической помощи в Украине и за рубежом, проанализированы количественные показатели заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями, количество аптек в Украине и Харьковской области. Изучено нарушение правил обращения лекарственных средств, допущеных для обеспечения онкобольных. Предложены нормотворческие инициативы для усовершенствования системы правоотношений «врач–пациент–провизор» и оборота наркотических лекарственных средств для фармацевтического обеспечения онкобольных по льготным рецептам в аптечных учреждениях Украины и Харьковского регионаПроведено порівняння систем фармацевтичного забезпечення надання фармацевтичної допомоги в Україні та за кордоном, проаналізовано кількісні показники захворюваності на злоякісні новоутворення, кількість аптек в Україні та в Харківській області. Вивчено порушення правил обігу лікарських засобів, допущених для забезпечення онкохворих. Запропоновано нормотворчі ініціативи для удосконалення системи правовідносин «лікар–пацієнт–провізор» та обігу наркотичних лікарських засобів для фармацевтичного забезпечення онкохворих за пільговими рецептами в аптечних закладах України та Харківського регіон
Теоретичні підходи щодо поняття адміністративної послуги
Get PDFProblem setting. We know that the service sector today – is one of the most promising areas of public administration, which quite rapidly. The transition to consumer-oriented models of government provided for by the Constitution of Ukraine, art. 3 which states that "a person's life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security are recognized in Ukraine as the highest social value ... affirm and ensure human rights and freedoms is the main duty of the state" [1].Therefore it is necessary to study the concept of "administrative services" by systematizing analysis on a variety of theoretical approaches to determining the content of the concept.Recent research and publications analysis. Given the relevance of administrative services, this issue has long given considerable attention of domestic scholars. Thus, administrative services issues explored in the works W. Averyanova, Andrew A., I. Bondarenko, V. Venediktov V. Petovky, Karpenko A., I. Koliushko, V. Kolpakov, Alexander Lipentseva, Vladimir Marchenko, Alexander Obolensky, G. Pisarenko, V. Soroko, V. Tymoshchuk and others.Paper objective analysis of theoretical approaches to the meaning of "administrative services" and, above all, to ascertain the nature of this concept in the doctrine of public administration.Paper main body. The official definition of "administrative services" provided by the Law ofUkraine "On Administrative Services" № 5203-VI dated 6 September 2012. According to which, the administrative service - the result of exercise of power subject of administrative services at the request of a person or entity, aimed at the acquisition, modification or termination of rights and/or obligations of that person [4].The first legal act, which was occupied notion of services provided by the executive, was President of Ukraine Decree "On measures to implement the Concept of administrative reform inUkraine" number 810/98 of 22.07.1998. But the concept contains multiple concepts: state services, management services, and public services. In addition, a number of regulations that were adopted later, also used the term "administrative services", "paid services provided by public authorities."Professor V. Averyanov confirming the correctness and terminological certainty the term "service" from the executive authorities, drew attention to certain characteristics irrelevance of these services as "management". Instead, focuses not on the "power-organizational" aspect of the response (as "management" - a power-organizational impact), and the fact that they are carried out by public (national and local) administration. That is the most appropriate, according to the scientist, it is the use of the term "administrative services" [8, p. 38].Koliushko IV and V. Tymoshchuk considered more appropriate to use the definition of "administrative services", noting that the so-called "broad" understanding of the concept of managerial services virtually identical to the concept "public services", which also includes services, which provide public authorities and bodies local governments are indirectly responsible, although not directly provide them (eg medical assistance).Conclusions of the research. Analysis of the above theoretical approaches to the definition of "administrative services" demonstrates the diversity of views about the scientific understanding of this category.This is a clear proof that the institution of administrative services inUkrainerequires further elaboration and legislative regulation, since providing services primarily depends on the effectiveness of the executive authorities, government officials and officials directly involved in the provision of administrative services.Therefore, the definition of "administrative services" inUkraineremains a problem to this day.Рассмотрено формирование разных подходов к определению понятия «административная услуга», направления разработок элементов института административных услуг, изучено состояние законодательного регулирования процедуры предоставления административных услуг, проанализировано основные признаки административных услуг, определено наиболее проблемные и перспективные направления последующих исследований.Розглянуто формування різних підходів до визначення поняття «адміністративна послуга», напрями розробок елементів інституту адміністративних послуг, проаналізовано стан законодавчого регулювання процедури надання адміністративних послуг, їх основні ознаки, визначено найбільш проблемні та перспективні напрями подальших досліджень
Підзаконні нормативно-правові акти органів виконавчої влади України та іноземних держав: порівняльна характеристика
Get PDFProblem Setting. Having chosen the European integration path of development Ukraine has committed itself to adapt national legislation to the EU legislation. Approximation of legislation is a process of harmonization of regulations of a state in accordance with a certain standard. Today this process is regulated by the Law of Ukraine "On State Program of Adaptation of Ukraine to the European Union" of 18 March 2004, which involves the complex task of adaptation of Ukraine, aimed at improving the legislative and enforcement activities of public authorities.The actuality of the topic. Adapting legislation involves increasing demands for quality and consistency of regulatory legal acts issued by the authorized state bodies, especially the acts of the executive. The quality is subordinate regulatory acts depends entirely on the quality of legal regulation of social relations in the country, protect the interests, rights and freedoms, because no matter how perfect the legislation was not resolved this or that sphere of public life, without proper implementation of legal provisions by executive regulation effectively implemented can not.Courtesy of the author's definition of "executive power", defined as a separate branch of government entrusted with the task to implement management activities in the state, according to the law, through a specially created state bodies - executive bodies, which are the kind of public authorities who have the public-law power management powers to the viability of the country capable of applying coercive measures.The purpose of the article. The executive power of Ukraine today has three levels with corresponding sublevels: a higher level – the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine; central level – the first sublevel – Ministries and second sublevel – central authorities; local level – the first sub-level – regional territorial offices of ministries and central authorities, the second sub-level – district, city, city, city district, inter-district regional offices of ministries and central authorities.The article analyzes the main types of subordinate regulatory acts Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Japan and the United States.The study was set types of subordinate normative legal acts of the executive (government, ministries, local authorities, etc.) in France, Germany, Italy, Japan almost coincide with the Ukrainian subordinate regulatory acts. It is also important that in these countries the legislation recognized regulatory function of regulations as a by-law (secondary) and primary legal regulation of social relations, which, in our opinion, is a positive experience that can be introduced by Ukrainian legislation.Conclusions. Positive, in our view, is the practice of some countries of Western Europe delegation of legislative powers from parliament to the government and consolidation of such procedures in the relevant legal acts. We believe that in Ukraine also need the legislation provide for the possibility of delegation of powers by appropriate amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine or the development and adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On the law-making activities and regulations", which define the grounds delegation of such powers possible terms, matters that can be regulated by acts of delegated legislation, the procedure of approval by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and others.Проведен сравнительный анализ подзаконных нормативно-правовых актов органов исполнительной власти Украины и иностранных государств. Рассмотрена возможность и целесообразность внедрения положительного опыта последних в нормотворческую деятельность органов исполнительной власти Украины.Здійснено порівняльний аналіз підзаконних нормативно-правових актів органіввиконавчої влади України та іноземних держав. Розглянуто можливість і доцільність запровадження позитивного досвіду останніх в нормотворчу діяльність органів виконавчої влади України
Судово-фармацевтичне вивчення фактів отруєння внаслідок незаконного обігу на етапі вживання фальсифікованих алкогольних напоїв
Get PDFProblem setting. Health institutions record facts that people come for treatment with health problems as a result of poisoning by counterfeit alcoholic beverages (CAB), which come to the trading network under the well-known brands that prevents consumers during visual inspection to distinguish them from quality products.Recent research and publications analysis. When conducting forensic and pharmaceutical researches found the presence of causality between abuse by the CAB and deaths due to poisoning with CAB. According to the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine, in some regions there is a constant threat of mass poisoning by the CAB because of their low quality and high availability to the public.Paper objective. The aim of the work is to examine the facts of poisoning due to illegal circulation during the use of the CAB from the position of forensic pharmacy for development of the improvement of legal, social and economic methods of proliferation to the CAB.Paper main body. Forensic and pharmaceutical examples of organized criminality members associated with illegal circulation of the CAB indicate that it is through professional actions of the police, investigators, prosecutors and lawyers who stopped criminal activities of members of an organized criminal group in Dnipropetrovsk, Poltava, Kharkiv and Lviv regions. Today in Ukraine due to free circulation of the CAB and low control on the part of prosecutors and relevant services of the national police for the circulation of alcohol products through a commercial network there are not only numerous violations of social and economic rights of citizens to have access to quality and safety alcoholic beverages and to the lack of effective protection mechanism and restoration of their rights through reimbursement for treatment. Therefore, the authors suggested proposals to strengthen criminal responsibility for illegal circulation (at the stages of production, storage, sale, transportation, etc.) with the purpose of sale or sale of the CAB by editing articles 199 and 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.Conclusions of the research. As a result of the forensic and pharmaceutical examination of the facts of poisoning as a result of illegal circulation (use) of the CAB found: ► distribution and circulation of the CAB are detected by the law enforcement agencies throughout Ukraine; ► production scale of the CAB reach tens of tons, which adversely affects the health of the population of the regions where CAB found; ► proposed legislative initiatives regarding changes and amendments in articles 199 and 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine concerning the strengthen of the criminal liability for illegal production and sales of the CAB; ► defined the future direction of research on healthcare insurance affected by the CAB and improving of the relationships in the chain "investigator – prosecutor – criminal – judge – doctor – patient (victim) – pharmacist – lawyer."В статье с позиции судебной фармации изучено факты отравления граждан вследствие незаконного оборота на этапе употребления фальсифицированных алкогольных напитков (ФАН). По результатам исследований выявлено угрожающие масштабы оборота (производства, распространения, сбыта, потребления и т.д.) ФАН для сферы экономики и здравоохранения Украины. Предложены законодательные инициативы относительно изменений в статьях 199 и 204 Уголовного кодекса Украины относительно усиления уголовной ответственности за незаконный оборот (изготовление, хранение, учет и т.д.) с целью сбыта и сбыт ФАН и определены дальнейшие направления исследований по медицинскому страхованию пострадавших от алкоголя в цепи правоотношений «врач-пациент-провизор-адвокат».У статті з позиції судової фармації розглянуто факти отруєння громадян внаслідок незаконного обігу на етапі вживання фальсифікованих алкогольних напоїв. Виявлено загрожуючи масштаби обігу (виробництво, розповсюдження, збут, вживання тощо) цих напоїв для сфери економіки та охорони здоров’я України. Запропоновано законодавчі ініціативи щодо змін у статтях 199 та 204 Кримінального кодексу України відносно посилення кримінальної відповідальності за незаконний обіг (виготовлення, зберігання, облік тощо) з метою збуту та збут цих напоїв і визначено подальші напрямки досліджень щодо медичного страхування постраждалих від алкоголю в ланцюзі правовідносин «лікар-пацієнт-провізор-адвокат»