Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
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Potensi Tumbuhan Tembelekan (Lantana camara Linn) Sebagai Sumber Bahan Farmasi Potensial
Full text linkTumbuhan Tembelekan dianggap masyarakat sebagai pengganggu atau gulma karena pertumbuhannya yang dahsyat merambat ke segala arah sehingga mengganggu pada kegiatan pembukaan lahan. Manfaat tradisional daun tumbuhan ini dikenal oleh berbagai suku di Indonesia, tetapi hanya sebagai obat luka yang tidak menarik karena obat luka tergolong obat murah di pasaran. Potensi botani yang tampak terhadap tumbuhan Tembelekan adalah pertumbuhannya yang dahsyat sehingga jika memiliki manfaat ekonomi menjadi sangat potensial ditinjau dari penyediaan bahan baku. Beberapa penelitian ilmiah telah dilakukan terhadap daun dan bunga Tembelekan dan terbuktidaunnya sangat potensial sebagai obat luka yang melebihi obat luka bioplacenton dan bunganya bersifat antioksidan yang sangat kuat.Kandungan metabolit sekunder daun dan bunganya juga sangat bervariasi sehingga masih memungkinkan potensi-potensi lainya dalam bidang farmasi
Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Buas-Buas (Premna cordifolia Linn.) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Paru Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Jantan Pasca Paparan Asap Rokok
Full text linkCigarette smoke is one of free radical source that can cause oxidative stress, emphysema, and inflamation on lung. Leaves of Premna cordifolia Linn. is one of antioxidant that can neutralize the free radical in body. The purpose of the research is to find the antioxidant activity of Premna cordifolia leaves in reducing lung’s damage and to find the effective dose that can reduce lung’s damage after exposure of cigarette smoke. Dried leaves of Premna cordifolia are maserated with ethanol 70%. Rats are divided into five groups, Group without treatment (CMC control), group that exposed to smoke, three groups that treated with 200 (P1), 400 (P2), and 600mg/kgBW (P3) of ethanolic extract of Premna cordifolia leaves after smoke exposure, and one group that treated with 18mg/kgBW of vitamin E as positive control after smoke exposure. All groups were treated with three cigarette without filter for 14 days. All rat were terminated on the fifteent day. Right lung were collected and subjected to necropsy and stained with Hematoksilin-Eosin. The result show that all doses of ethanolic extract of Premna cordifolia reduce lung damage in enlarge alveolar, thickening of alveolar’s wall, and infiltration of inflmation cells in rats. The effective dose is 600mg/kgbw because the potential of Premna cordifolia leaves extract was same with the potential of positive contol in reducing the lung damage
Karakteristik Pasien dan Pengobatan Penderita Skizofrenia Di RSJD Atma Husada Mahakam Samarinda
Full text linkSchizophrenia is a combination of psychotic symptoms with personality disorders typical distortion. The frequency of schizophrenia in Indonesia is 1-3 people per 1000 people , and in developed countries is 1 in every 100 people with schizophrenia. The research Patient Characteristics and Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia in Mental Health Hospital Atma Husada Mahakam Samarinda was done by analyzing the data obtained from the medical records unit. Analysis method used is descriptive qualitative method. The results are 62,05% male patients and 37,95% female patients, 96,97% patients in productive age and 76,51% does not have job. The causes of schizophrenia are 19,28% genetic and 80,72% non genetic. The selection of medication given to patients consists of antipsychotics, hypnotics and sedatives, antiparkinson, antihistamines, antiepileptic, and antidepressants
Skrining Bakteri Simbion pada Lalat Buah (Drosophilla melanogaster) sebagai Kandidat Penghasil Senyawa Antibiotika
Full text linkNow the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a national and global issues that have a significant impact on public health. We report the screening of bacterial symbionts in fruit flies (Drosophilla melanogaster) as a producer of new antibiotic compounds. This study aims to get antibiotic-producing bacterial symbionts in fruit flies (Drosophilla melanogaster). In this study used methods of isolation, purification and antibacterial testing using four test bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella thyposa). Isolation of fruit flies (Drosophilla melanogaster) that uses peptone solution prepared dilutions to 10-9 and then purification is done by scraping the bacteria on NA medium by repeatedly to obtain pure isolates and subsequently antibacterial test. The results showed that the bacterial isolation 10-8 and 10-9 dilutions allegedly produce antibiotic-producing compound while the antibacterial test using test bacteria showed that the compound obtained from the insulation in the fruit fly (Drosophilla melanogaster) showed the compound to inhibit the growth of bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Mechanism of Vasorelaxation Induced by Coptosapelta flavescens Stems Extract in Rat Thoraric Aorta
Full text linkCoptosapelta flavescens Korth. is a liana plant from the Rubiaceae family. In East Kalimantan, it is also known as “Akar Tambolekar†or “Merungâ€, it is called “akar†or root as its trunk spreads like a root. The plant’s stems are used by ethnic Dayak in East Kalimantan to overcome high blood pressure and it has been proven to induce vasorelaxation on blood vessels, but the its action mechanism in the endothelial or vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are unknown. Vasorelaxation on the blood vessels could be mediated by endothelial or by the VSMC. This research aims to study in vitro which of them is the mechanism of action of Coptosapelta flavescens Stems (CFS) extract. CFS were taken from the secondary forest in Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Its simplicia were macerated with methanol solvent for three days and twice repeated. Vasorelaxation activity of the blood vessels was tested with rats’ isolated thoracic aorta with endothelial and with the endothelial removed (endothelium-denuded). Both aorta of 3 mm length were soaked into Krebs-Henselheit solution at 37°C, pH 7.4 and aerated with carbogen gas. After they have acclimatized, both aortas were contracted with phenylephrine solution, after reaching peak contraction and plateau, the solution of extract or its solvent (Control) was administered in cumulatively increasing doses. The results show that CFS extracts induce vasorelaxation both in the endothelial-intact aorta and in the endothelial-denuded aorta. At high concentrations, the vasorelaxation activity in the endothelial-intact aorta was weaker than that on endothelial-denuded aorta. This study proves that action mechanism of blood vessels’ vasorelaxation induced by the methanol extract of CFS were more dominantly mediated by the blood vessels smooth muscle; and at high concentrations the endothelial actually weakened the VSMC vasorelaxation activity. Further study is necessary on the mechanism of action vasorelaxation through the modulation of intracellular or extracellular calcium ion channels of VSMC
Molecular Docking Study of Nigella sativa Alkaloid Compounds as the Inhibitor of Papain-Like Protease SARS-CoV-2
No full textSARS-CoV-2 causes about 66% of China’s Wuhan market workers to experience fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is a plant with many benefits to cure many illnesses like hypertension, headache, infection, and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the inhibition by compounds belonging to the Alkaloid group from Black Cumin Seed to inhibit PLpro activity as a target for SARS-CoV-2. The study used five alkaloid compounds ((2E,4E)-Decadienal, (2E,4Z)-Decadienal, Nigellicine, Nigellidine, and Nigellimine) from the Black cumin seed and a PLpro SARS-CoV-2 receptor (PDB ID: 6WX4). The methods used are ligand and receptor preparation, grid box validation, molecular docking, 2D and 3D visualisation, and data analysis using Gibbs free energy, type of interaction, and contact of amino acid residues data. This study used YASARA structure and BIOVIA Discovery Studio. The results showed that Nigellidine has the highest Gibbs free energy with a -2.67 kcal/mol score, higher than VIR251. PLpro has a catalytic triad at Cys111, His272, and Asp286 residues, the compound that binds to the active site is Nigellicine found at amino acid Cys111 with Pi-Sulfur
Studi Penggunaan Antibiotika pada Neonatus Di NICU RSAL Dr. Ramelan Surabaya
Full text linkNeonatal sepsis and nosocomial infection are the most common diagnosis of neonatal infections. Selections of antibiotics in neonatal infection should be based on type of bacteria, antibiotics dose and safety in neonates. The aim of this study was to explored type of antibiotics used in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Researchers conducted a prospective study of antibiotics used at Dr. Ramelan Navy Hospital neonatal intensive care unit Surabaya. From November 26th 2007 to January 26th 2008, 94 patients (5 preterm neonates and 89 term neonates) were included in this study. Demographic data, antibiotics used, relevant medical histories, laboratory data was recorded prospectively at the wards. Charts for all cases were reviewed. Early antibiotic use was defined as therapy within 72 hours of life. The most frequently used empiric antibiotic regimens were ampicillin sulbactam with gentamicin (60.2%), ampicillin sulbactam (30.1%), ceftriaxone (6.5%), ampicillin sulbactam with amikacin (1.1%), ampicillin sulbactam with ceftriaxone (1.1%), gentamicin with ceftriaxone (1.1%). Late antibiotic events also occurred in neonates. Fourty eight point four percent of late antibiotics events were used of ceftriaxone. Antibiotics are prescribed appropriately but earlier discontinuation or switches, which may be complicated either by the inability to confirm causative organism or patient’s condition that showed no improvement, should be practiced
Efek Ekstrak Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) pada Ekspresi P53 dari Kanker Payudara Tikus yang Diinduksi DMBA
Full text linkIt has been well documented that chemical carcinogen, 7.12 dimethylbenz-(a)anthracene (DMBA), plays a role in the incidence and growth of mammary cancer. Present study was designed to investigate the influence of Andrographis paniculata extract on telomerase activities on DMBA induced breast cancer in the female rat Sprague Dawley strain. DMBA-induced mammary cancer is a useful model to investigate the changes of epithelial cells that occur during mammary cancer progression. Mammary cancer model was induced 10 times twice a week by oral DMBA 20 mg/kg body weight. Mammary cancer occurred in 75 % animals nine weeks after oral administration of DMBA, it was represented with nodule on the mammary gland and the increasing of mammary gland volume compare with normal control F(1.8) = 731.711; p < 0.001. This study was also designed to investigate the effect of Andrographis paniculata extract mammary carcinoma induced by DMBA. Administration of three different dose of Andrographis paniculata (100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) had statistically different with mammary gland volume of DMBA treated rat F (4.17) = 92.777; p<0.05. So, Andrographis paniculata has significant effect on the treatment of DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma. The Epithelial cells were harvested on day 90 and stained with routine histology staining, hematoxylineosin, for morphological qualitative analysis, immunohistochemical examination. The lesions observed from the removed samples ranged widely from benign to malignant. The results showed that DMBA induce cell proliferation, nuclear irregularities, and numerous mitoses and induced cell necrosis. On immunohistochemical examination, it shows that Andrographis paniculata can stimulate of expression of p53 protein and increase the number of epithelial cells experience apoptosis
Nephelium lappaceum Peel Extract Alleviates High Fat-High Fructose Diet-Induced Fatty Liver in Mice
Full text linkNon-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) occurs due to excessive fat accumulation in the liver, triggered by high fat and sugar intake. This study aims to investigate the effect of Nephelium lappaceum peel extract (NLE) on hepatic profile in mice induced with a High Fat High Fructose Diet (HFHFD). The study involved 25 male mice divided into five groups: (1) normal group, (2) HFHFD group, (3) NLE 125 mg/kg bw, (4) NLE 250 mg/kg bw, and (5) NLE 500 mg/kg. HFHFD and NLE administration were carried out for 14 days. On the 15th day, mice were sacrificed and liver was harvested for further analysis. Descriptive analysis was performed for macroscopic and microscopic (histological) liver observations. ANOVA was used to analyze liver index. The results showed that NLE improve fatty liver both macroscopically and microscopically. The liver index also improved significantly in group treated by NLE 250 (p<0,05) and NLE 500 (p<0,0001). The study suggests that NLE exhibits a promising therapeutic potential against fatty liver disease
Skrining Farmakognosi Tanaman Etnofarmasi Asal Kabupaten Bulukumba yang Berpotensi sebagai Antikanker
Full text linkThe use of traditional medicine has long been known and used by the people of South Sulawesi and recorded since the 15th century in lontara \u27pabbura. Bulukumba as one of the areas of south Sulawesi inhabited by ethnic of Kajang and ethnic of Makassar has also been used plants to treat several of diseases including. Screening studies pharmacognostic origin Bulukumba conducted to identify medicinal plants used by the community Bulukumba to treat cancer. The research location is the village of Bahari Bonto Lembanna District Bulukumba, The research location is the village Lembana of Bonto Bahari District Regency of Bulukumba, the surveys plants etnofarmasi through sanro (traditional healers), public figures and society who have knowledge of traditional medicine with purposive sampling method. Pharmacognosy screening includes determination etnofarmasi plants that have been collected, organoleptic examination, morphology, anatomy and identification of chemical constituents using color reagent and precipitation reactions. The results obtained five plants etnofarmasi potential for the treatment of cancer, leaf of landep (Barleria prionitis L.) Family Acanthaceae, gewor (Basella rubra L) Famili Acanhtaceae, pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis) Family Loranthaceae, rumput mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa L.) family Rubiaceae dan gondola (Commelina benghalensis L.) Family Commelinaceae, with chemical ingredients contain flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins. The content of flavonoids and alkaloids in plants has the potential to be used as a cancer treatment