Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
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Pharmaceutical Potential of 2’,4’-Dichloro-4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxychalcone Synthesized from Vaniline
Get PDFChalcone is an intermediate compound as the main precursor for the biosynthesis of flavonoid in plants. Chalcone has been known to have variety of different pharmacological activities. The difference in chalcone activity is influenced by the differences of subtituents found in both aromatic rings on the chalcone stucture. This study performed the synthesis of 2\u27,4\u27-dichloro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxychalcone compound from the raw material of 2,4-dichloro acetophenone and vanillin by Claisen-Schmidt reaction using conventional method by stirring. The yield of synthesized compound is 91.57% of purity. The synthesized compounds were characterized by structural elucidation methods using IR, MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Toxicity and antioxidant activity tests were performed on the synthesized compound. Base on the test results obtained LC50 value of 20.04 ppm and IC50 26.10 ppm. It is better to describe the pharmaceutical potential of 2\u27,4\u27-dichloro-4-hydroxy-3-methoxychalcone little bit further
Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract Combinations of Jeruk Purut Leaf (Citrus hystrix Dc.) and Jati Belanda Leaf (Guazuma ulmifolia L.)
Get PDFEthanol extracts of Guazuma ulmifolia L. and Citrus hystrix Dc., have a strong antioxidant activity. The purpose of this research is to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts combination of Guazuma ulmifolia L. (jati belanda leaf) and Citrus hystrix Dc (jeruk purut leaf). Determination of antioxidant activity was done by DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazil) using UV-Vis spectrophotometer with maximum wavelength 516.5 nm. The antioxidant activity of jeruk purut leaf is smaller than jati belanda leaf (IC50 48.70 mg/mL for jeruk purut leaf, IC50 35.92 mg/mL for jati belanda leaf). Antioxidant activity of the two extracts combination was lower than the antioxidants of each extract (without combination). The low antioxidant activity of both extract combination due to the antagonist activity as the interaction of the content of each extract so that the extract combination showing a weaker antioxidant activity. At the concentration of each different comparison of each extract combination volume shown no difference with P-value > 0.05 (P-value: 0.99)
Aktivitas Antidotum Air Kelapa Hijau (Cocos nucifera L.) terhadap Keracunan Sianida pada Mencit (Mus musculus L.)
Get PDFCyanide is a toxic compound that can interfere with health and reduce the nutrients bioavailability in the body. These toxins inhibit the body cells to get oxygen so that the most affected are the heart and brain. The aim of this study was to know the effect of green coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) as an antidote to cyanide poisoning in mice (Mus musculus L.). The method was in vivo antidote activity using potassium cyanide-induced toxic mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups, i.e. negative control, positive control and test group with green coconut water giving 100% concentration. Each group consisted of 5 mice. Observations of toxic symptoms after the induction of potassium cyanide performed in initial times and and the results are analyzed visually by comparing graphs based on each group of tests during 24 hours of observation. The results showed that the green coconut water with 100% concentration that given in mice showed the influence of the reduction in toxic symptoms such as abnormal posture. Recovery of toxic effect in the test group by giving green coconut water was no better than the positive control group by giving sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate.
Perubahan Profil Farmakokinetika Ibuprofen yang Diberikan dengan Kombinasi Vitamin C pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus L.)
Get PDFIbuprofen is one of the NSAID (NonSteroid Anti Inflamation Drug) drugs that has been widely used as antipyretic agent, analgesic dan anti-inflamation. Vitamin C is an important nutrient for the body and has been widely used to maintain health. Earlier study indicate patterns of interaction between vitamin C and NSAID drugs. The aims of this research were to study the influence of vitamin C to the pharmacokinetics profile of ibuprofen. The study was conducted using 9 rats rats, divided into 3 groups (n=3 per group). Each group was treated the following treatment : control ibuprofen (ibuprofen 7.2 mg/200 gBW), dose 1 group (ibuprofen 7,2 mg/200 gBW, and vitamin C 4,5 mg/200 gBW), and dose 2 group (ibuprofen 7,2 mg/200 gBW and vitamin C 9 mg/200 gBW). Blood sampling is done from the vein of rat’s tail at minutes 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360. The quantitation of ibuprofen in plasma was determined by UV spectrophotometer at maximum wavelength. Result showed that vitamin C changed the absorption of ibuprofen by prolonged the maximum plasma concentration time, reduce maximum levels of ibuprofen and vitamin C also changed the elimination of ibuprofen by prolonged the elimination time
Ekstraksi Gelatin dari Kaki Ayam Broiler Melalui Berbagai Larutan Asam dan Basa dengan Variasi Lama Perendaman
Get PDFGelatin is a biopolymer that can be obtained from partially hydrolysis of collagen present in skin, bone, and connective tissues of animals This study used chicken Broiler feet as a source of collagen. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soaking treatment with solution of acid and base, and with variety of soaking time. The solution used is HCl, CH3COOH, and NaOH with different concentration. The process of soaking followed by extraction, filtration, and drying to obtain a sheet of gelatin. Gelatin was analyzed qualitatively with chemical reaction. The best results of yield can be obtained from various methods of soaking given by HCl 2% for 2 days, CH3COOH 2% for 3 days, and NaOH 2% for 1 day
Pengembangan Sistem Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) Meloxicam dengan Lipid Monostearin dan Miglyol 808 Menggunakan Metode Emulsifikasi
Get PDFThe aim this study was to determine the effect of Monostearin and Miglyol 808 lipid ratio in NLC system formulation resulting in physicochemical characteristics, release rate, and penetration rate. The NLC making was done by using emulsification method. In the formulation of NLC meloxicam, 3 different lipid ratios were used, including ratios of 6:4, 7:3, 8:2. Meloxicam served as active ingredient, monostearin served as solid lipid, miglyol 808 served as a liquid lipid, and tween 80 was surfactant. NLC meloxicam physicochemical characteristics include tests of organoleptic, pH, viscosity, particle size, particle morphology and entrapment efficiency. NLC meloxicam belongs to semisolid preparations with pH value range of 5,72-5,87. Increasing viscosity of NLC system are cause by increase of solid lipid. The measurement results of particle size of three different lipid formulas indicated that the lipid particle size was <1000 nm. Test of NLC particle morphology by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) indicated the spherical particle shape (round). Entrapment efficiency test of all NLC-lipid compositions revealed quite high result (> 80%). The determination of release rate (flux) and penetration rate (flux) was conducted by using Franz diffusion cells with a cellophane membrane for the release and Wistar rat’s skin membrane for the penetration. The release rate values of three NLC meloxicam formulas showed p value (sig) 0,005, while the penetration rate obtained p value (sig) 0,091
Prosfektif Metode Sampel Darah Kering dalam Bioanalisis
Get PDFBiosampling of dried blood spot method became lately very interested in bioanalysis, some of the advantages given in this method compared to conventional venous canulla (venipuncture); less invasive making it more pleasant for the patient or subject, requires small volume, requires simple transportation process and storage did not need special equipment, suod stabilizes analit and reduces risk of infection. The method of dried blood spot is done by invasive light on the finger or heel prick and then spike on filter paper and dried at room temperature or under nitrogen flow with controlled humidity and stored in bag with desiccant packages, than it analyzed using validation bioanalyzing method. Dried blood spot method can be applied on bioanalysis test for pharmacokinetic, toksikokinetic , epidemiologic and Teurapeutic drug monitoring
Pengaruh Penggunaan Asam Folat terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik yang Menjalani Hemodialisis Di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie
Get PDFChronic kidney disease is a pathophysiological process with diverse etiology, resulting in a progressive decrease in renal function, and generally end up kidney failure.1 The aim of this research was to determine the effect of use folic acid on hemoglobin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease with hemodialysis in the hospital Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda. The research design used in this study are pre-experimental form one group pretest-posttest design. Subjects consisted of 30 people who fit in inclusion criteria. The analysis includes univariate analysis by finding frequency distribution and bivariate analysis with paired t test. The result showed that there is a difference between hemoglobin levels before and after hemodialysis (pValue 0,001)
Hidrolisis Protein Tanduk Muda Rusa Sambar (Rusa unicolor) serta Potensinya sebagai Penurun Resiko Hipertensi
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat hidrolisis tanduk muda rusa Sambar (Rusa unicolor) dengan enzim pencernaanm yaitu enzim pepsin dan tripsin, serta mengetahui adanya aktivitas Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor dari protein tanduk muda tersebut. Protein tanduk muda rusa Sambar dihidrolisis dengan enzim pepsin dan tripsin selanjutnya diuji aktivitas penghambatan ACE (ACE-I). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanduk muda rusa Sambar mengandung air 11,34 %; protein sebesar 22,4%; lemak 13,74% dan abu sebesar 37,29%. Potensi sebagai agen antihipertensi dilakukan uji penghambatan angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui adanya aktivitas penghambat ACE sebesar 83,38 % pada konsentrasi protein 1,266 mg/ml.
Hubungan Jumlah Obat yang Digunakan terhadap Risiko Terjadinya Drug-Related Problems pada Pasien Asma Di Suatu Rumah Sakit Di Surabaya
Get PDFAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory tract are at risk of polypharmacy, which is associated with an increased risk of drug-related problems (DRPs) and adverse clinical outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the amount of drug used with the incidence of DRPs in hospitalized asthma patients. Research were using retrospective methods, by analyzing the medical records of patients undergoing asthma hospitalizations for 2 years. The number of patients analyzed was 60 people. Results of research conducted by the Spearman test for non-parametric tests, show that there is a correlation between the amount of drug to the type of drugs that are less precise DRPs (p <0.05), so that more and more types of drugs used by patients with asthma, the greater the risk of patients getting the drug less appropriate. Therefore it takes the role of pharmacists in monitoring and recommending rational drug for asthma patients who underwent inpatient in a hospital, for treatment obtained by the patient effective and optimal