Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
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Metformin Role in Diabetic Patients with Tuberculosis: a Review
Get PDFTuberculosis (TB) epidemic is a global health challenge, and WHO estimated the incidence of the new cases reaching 11.1 million people in 2017. Indonesia is classified as a high TB burden country, with 8% of its population infected by TB and ranks third in the world. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known comorbidity for TB patients. TB-T2DM patients have a higher chance of morbidity, mortality, relapse, bacterial resistance, treatment failure, and slower sputum conversion than TB patients without T2DM. Recent studies suggest that metformin may have a potential synergistic role for TB-T2DM patients. Metformin has immunomodulator properties that can improve the body\u27s immune response and inflammatory response against TB in individuals with T2-DM
Overview of Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia: Case Study in Aru Islands Regency, Dobo City, Southeast Maluku
Get PDFBackground: Preeclampsia is a syndrome in terms of hypertension after 20-week pregnancy referring to a pregnant woman that previously had normal blood pressure, followed by having hypertension, proteinuria, edema and generally occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. Preeclampsia is one of five main causes of maternal mortality up to 12% in the world as well. Objective: This study was conducted to describe nutritional status of pregnant women with preeclampsia in Aru Islands Regency, Dobo City, Southeast Maluku. Methodology: This study used mix methods, namely, quantitative and qualitative research with Case Study design. Qualitative research was to determine nutritional status of pregnant women with preeclampsia and quantitative research was to record nutrition intake of pregnant women and measure nutritional status of pregnant women with preeclampsia. Results & Discussion: Characteristics of participants with preeclampsia were more than 27 years old, worked as housewife that could be one of stress triggers and had some risk to increase preeclampsia cases because of stress that caused blood pressure increase. Preeclampsia was detected in pregnancy term of participants about 20-30 weeks according to Maternal and Child Health data. Preeclampsia risk was doubly by every increase in body weight (5-7 kg). Participants had body weight increase ranging from 8-25 kg which caused preeclampsia risk increase. Parameters of recommended dietary allowances of pregnant women including energy excess, protein deficit, fat excess, calcium and zinc deficiency were secondary factor of preeclampsia risk increase in Aru Islands Regency, Dobo City, Southeast Maluku
Analysis of Flavonids and Terpenoids in Ethanol Extract of Colocasia esculenta L. (Schoot) Stalk and Leaves
Get PDFColocasia esculenta L. (Schoot) is a widely used plant in developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Central America. The parts of the Colocasia plant that can be used are the tubers, stalks, and leaves. There has not been much research on the content of this plant. The study aims to determine the flavonoids and terpenoids in the ethanol extract of Colocasia stalk and leaves. The maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent and drying with vacuum evaporator. Determination of flavonoid levels based on quercetin marker compounds using AlCl3 reagent by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The terpenoid levels were carried out gravimetrically with petroleum ether as a solvent. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Colocasia stalk and leaf contained flavonoids, respectively 3.18 +0.0581% and 4.33 +0.0285%, while the results of the terpenoid levels for stalks were 7.10 +0.0676% and leaves were 8.39 +0.0023%
WITHDRAWAL: Essential Oil Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Lepidium sativum Seed
Get PDFLepidium sativum plants are available abundantly in all part of Ethiopia and traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments. The work done on essential oil chemical characterization and biological activity of this plant are still insufficient reports in Ethiopia. Therefore the aim of the present study was to carry out essential oil chemical characterization and antibacterial activities of the seeds extracts and oils of L. sativum obtained from the local area Kersu Kebele, Goma Wereda, Jimma zone. The study was conducted by extraction of the seeds with organic solvents n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The study performed on extraction of essential oil of the seed through hydrodistillation and investigation of phytochemical constituents of each solvent extract. The n-hexane extract (oil) and the essential oil of the seed extract were analyzed with GC-MS and 11 components were obtained from each types of oil. 7, 10, 13-hexadecatrienoic acid (64.42%) and Indol (63.78%) were the major components of n-hexane extracted and essential oil of the seeds respectively. Moreover both oils were held unsaturated fatty acid, saturated fatty acid and aromatic derivative compounds. The preliminary phytochemical test revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, anthraqunnes, and tannins. Antibacterial activities of the essential oil were implemented by disc diffusion method against one Gram positive bacterium Stphylococus aureus and three Gram negative bacteria: E.coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klibsiella pneumoniae. The inhibition zones of the samples were compared with standard drug ceftriaxone. The essential oil showed antibacterial activities on all the tested bacteria
Phytochemical Screening, Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activities of Leaves Extracts from Eucalyptus citriodora
Get PDFThe genus Eucalyptus has been used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. In this work, chloroform and methanol extracts from the leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora was investigated for their phytochemicals, cytotoxicity and antioxidant potentials. Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenols, reducing sugar and steroids in the methanol extract. IR absorptions of the extract supported the presence of these phytochemicals by revealing the bands 3335 cm-1 (O-H), 1613, 1480 cm-1 (C=C) and 1721 cm-1 (C=O). Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the methanol extract using brine shrimp assay, suggested that, the extract was not toxic with LC50 value of 1.64 mg/mL. Antioxidant potentials of both chloroform and methanol extracts were determined using phenolic content quantification and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. Methanol extract (37.32 ?g TAE/mg) had higher phenolic content than the chloroform extract (12.09 ?g TAE/mg). The radical scavenging potentials of the extracts recorded inhibitory activities of IC50 values of 892.7 ?g/mL (chloroform extract) and 8.3 ?g/mL (methanol extracts) relative to the positive control values of 31.1 ?g/mL (butylated hydroxytoluene) and 3.5 ?g/mL (ascorbic acid). These results showed that E. citriodora might contain promising antioxidant agents
Impact of Halal Information on Purchasing Decisions moderated Religiosity in Food and Beverage Provision
Get PDFHalal information on Food and Beverage Preparations, analyze for influence on Purchasing Decisions. Novelty research is the Role of Moderation to the relationship of Halal Information to Purchasing Decisions. Using structural model equations (SEM), there is a positive and significant impact of Halal Information on Purchasing Decisions. There is a positive and considerable moderation of Religiosity to the relationship between Halal Information and Purchasing Decisions. The practical implications of the study\u27s results, empirically proving that Halal Information listed on Food and Beverage Preparations led to an increase in Purchasing Decisions, and consumer Religiosity showed significant differences. Advice for Food and Beverage manufacturers to keep halal information on Food and Beverage Preparations because it affects positive buying decisions
Quality Test of Extemporaneously Prepared Tramadol and Paracetamol Capsules Combination Derived From a Private Hospital in Semarang
Get PDFTramadol and paracetamol are analgesic drugs that are often combined and made in the form of extemporaneously prepared capsules dosage form to treat moderate to severe pain management. This study aims to determine the quality of prescribed medication of extemporaneously prepared tramadol and paracetamol capsules combination taken from a private hospital in Semarang covering weight uniformity, moisture content, disintegration, and content uniformity. This type of research is a descriptive observational cross-sectional design. Samples were taken using simple random sampling at a pharmaceutical installation in a private hospital in Semarang. The observation result from four types of testing was compared against the standard values of each test’s parameter listed in the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia V. The results are, samples meet the weight uniformity test with an acceptance value of 7.34%; meet the moisture content test with an average moisture content of 2.647% for the first day and 3.04% for the seventh day; meet the disintegration test with a breakdown time of fewer than 15 minutes; and did not meet the uniformity test with acceptance value of 34.06% for paracetamol and 34.30% for tramadol. It can be concluded that the prescribed medication of extemporaneously prepared capsule samples derived from a private hospital in Semarang can fulfill the standard values listed in the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia V except for the content uniformity test
Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Caffeine in Beverages Use Solvent Extraction Techniques and Adsorption of Activated Carbon
Get PDFCaffeine has wide therapeutic uses, is widely used in the pharmaceutical field as an analgesic, and reduces fever. Caffeine is also widely added as a flavoring agent in soft drinks such as coca cola and energy drinks. Excess caffeine consumption or in the long term can have negative effects on health. The caffeine content in drinks varies by brand, from 10 to 50 mg per serving. This study aims to determine the amount of caffeine in carbonated drinks and energy drinks using chloroform solvent extraction techniques and activated carbon adsorption techniques. The amount of caffeine in the drink was analyzed by a spectrophotometric method using the maximum wavelength. The results showed that the amount of caffeine with the extraction technique in coca cola drinks was (31.39 ± 0.528 mg/serving), pepsi blue (27.93 ± 0.159 mg/serving), red bull (39.79 ± 0.233 mg/serving), and panther (43.37 ± 0.860 mg/serving). The adsorption technique obtained in coca cola drinks are (32.07 ± 0.164 mg/serving), pepsi blue (27.42 ± 0.174 mg/serving), red bull (31.35 ± 0.132 mg/serving), and panther (33.83 ± 0.205 mg/serving). In the coca cola drink, the best results are obtained close to the actual value as stated on the label. Meanwhile, for the three other types of drinks, the amount of caffeineobtained was lower than expected, and still below the maximum allowable limit. Of the two techniques investigated, the extraction technique still gave better results than the adsorption technique
Determination of 4,4-(propane-2,2-diyl) diphenol (Bisphenol A) Concentration in Canned Tomatoes
Get PDFBisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and for lining metal cans, used in canned foods. BPA is a well-known endocrine disrupting chemical, it therefore, is very hazardous to human health. BPA levels were determined in three brands of canned tomatoes (Gino, Super Mama, Derica) as sold in Nigerian markets. The samples were analyzed using solvent extraction, separation and quantitation by gas chromatography- mass spectrometric method. The recovery value for BPA in the method was 89% with the relative standard deviations of 3%.The BPA concentration in the samples ranged from 0.124 to 0.141 (), which are higher than the European Food Safety Authority Specific Migration Limit (SML) of 0.05 mg/kg in food sample. The samples analyzed in this work may be, therefore, of a potential health concern to the consumers
Phytochemical, Proximate, and Vitamin C Content in Morinda citrifolia (Noni)
Get PDFMorinda citrifolia, L commonly called noni, has a long history as a medicinal plant and is reported to have a broad range of therapeutic effects, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, antihelmin, analgesic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, and immune enhancing effects. Photochemical analyses of ethanol and hexane extracts of noni fruit revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and steroids. Proximate composition of the noni fruit revealed a moisture content of 54.21, crude protein 2.18, crude fat 3.25, crude fiber 4.49, ash 0.73 and carbohydrate 35.14%. The Vitamin C content was estimated using iodometric titration and found to be 134.10 mg/100g. This suggests that the noni fruit can if consumed can help promote good health