Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
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The Impact of Flavonoids from Fruits and Vegetables on Cognitive Function in Dementia
Full text linkFlavonoids are polyphenolic phytochemicals abundant in fruits and vegetables that have attracted attention for their potential neuroprotective effects. Dementia, marked by progressive cognitive decline, has limited effective treatments, prompting interest in nutritional approaches. This review synthesizes existing preclinical and clinical evidence of flavonoids-particularly anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols, and isoflavones-and their potential effects on different cognitive domains and dementia subtypes. Mechanistic pathways (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroplasticity, vascular, gut-brain axis) are discussed, along with factors influencing flavonoid efficacy, methodological limitations, and directions for future research. Overall, the evidence suggests modest but promising cognitive benefits of dietary flavonoids, especially for Alzheimer\u27s disease, though more rigorous human trials are needed. Recommendations for dietary guidance and translational implications are highlighted.
Optimization of Carrageenan Concentration as an Emulsifier in Banana Peel Extract Body Lotion with Irritation Assessment
Full text linkBody lotion is a cosmetic used to soften and protect the skin. Ambon banana peel contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential that can be incorporated into body lotion formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of carrageenan concentration as an emulsifier on the physical and chemical characteristics of ambon banana peel extract body lotion. The extract was obtained using the maceration method and formulated into three lotions containing carrageenan at concentrations of 1% (F1), 1.5% (F2), and 2% (F3). Each formulation was evaluated through organoleptic observation, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, adhesion, spreadability, and skin irritation tests. Statistical analysis included normality and homogeneity testing using the Shapiro–Wilk test and Levene’s test, followed by One Way ANOVA to identify differences among formulations. The results demonstrated that variation in carrageenan concentration significantly influenced several physical properties of the lotion. Increasing carrageenan levels led to higher viscosity and adhesion, while spreadability decreased as concentration increased. In contrast, carrageenan concentration did not produce a significant effect on pH values. Based on the overall evaluation, the formulation containing 2% carrageenan (F3) was identified as the optimal formula. The results of the irritation test proved to be safe without causing an irritating effect on the skin
Formulasi Tablet Nanopartikel Ekstrak Terstandar Daun Pulai (Alstonia scholaris (L). R. BR) sebagai Antidiabetes
Full text linkPulai leaves (Alstonia scholaris (L). R. BR) is one of plants which has an antidiabetic effect. Extraction was carried by maceration kinetic with 70% ethanol and the resulting extract was concentrated by rotary evaporator to obtain a thick extract and was then changed into nanoparticles using ionic gelation method. The dried nanoparticles were formulated into tablet with direct compression method using 35% avicel PH 102. Phytochemical screening showed both extract and nanoparticles contains alkaloid, flavonoid, saponins, tannins, steroid/triterpenoids, coumarins, quinones and essential oils. The evaluation of nanoparticles demonstrated particle size of 186.93 nm, zeta potential of -68.85 mV and spherical shape of dried particles. The evaluation tablets showed an average weight of 501.8 mg and disintegration time of 13.26 minutes. Based on the result of activity of α-glucosidase inhibition in vitro, the persentage (%) of inhibition of the extract, the nanoparticles and the tablets at concentrations of 225 mg/mL are 92.09, 85.90, and 75.83%, respectively while acarbose and quercetin showed 95.21% and 89.67 % of inhibition, respectively. It could be concluded that the tablets of nanoparticles containing extract show an antidiabetic effect.
Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Daun Cempedak (Artocarpus champedan) dan Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L)
Full text linkResearch has been conducted with a purpose to find out the potential of the extracts of leaves Ageratum conyzoides and Artocarpus champedan as an antioxidant compared with vitamin C. Research was done by infused extraction method, and combination both of them with a partition 1:1, 1:2, 2:1
Quantitatif Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of a Carbazole Analog Compounds as Antibacterial using Electronical Descriptors
Full text linkThe Quantitatif Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study has been established on 13 Carbazole analog compounds to their antibacterial activity using electronical descriptors. The development of computational chemistry, in particular quantum chemical calculation progression, has made the possibility of molecule modeling and pharmacochemistry exploration of molecule structures. This emerging semiempirical method can be implemented in QSAR using Hansch model. A research associated with QSAR antibacterial activity of Carbazole analog compounds which used semiempirical AM1 (Austin Model 1) method has been conducted. The geometrical optimation of 2D into 3D structures was done utilizing HyperChem program with the Polak – Ribiere algorithm. Results revealed that atom in the position C8, C9, C10 and C12 are necessary to predict biological activity of Carbazoleanalog
Pemanfaatan Abu Sekam Padi menjadi Katalis Heterogen dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Sawit
Full text linkBerdasarkan data BPS Kaltim (2014) jumlah produksi padi mencapai 432.612 ton/tahun. Produksi padi tersebut menghasilkan sekam padi rata-rata sebesar 20%. Sekam padi masih kurang dimanfaatkan dengan baik sehingga hanya menjadi tumpukan limbah pertanian. Abu sekam padi mengandung senyawa yang dapat digunakan sebagai support katalis yaitu diantaranya SiO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan abu sekam padi yang telah dikalsinasi dengan impregnasi KOH sebagai katalis pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak sawit secara konvensional. Sekam padi dikalsinasi pada suhu 500°C selama 3 jam lalu diimpregnasi dengan KOH 1,9 N. Kemudian dibilas dengan aquadest dan dioven hingga beratnya konstan. Transesterifikasi dilakukan pada minyak sawit dengan perbandingan massa terhadap volume minyak (10%, 15%, 20%, 25% v/b). Hasil yang didapatkan, semakin banyak massa katalis yang digunakan, konversi yield yang diperoleh semakin tinggi yaitu mencapai 67%. Viskositas dan densitas memenuhi standar biodiesel. Hasil uji surface area BET diperoleh surface area spesifik sebelum dan sesudah impregnasi berturut-turut adalah 89,937 m2/g dan 5,471 m2/g. Analisa produk dengan menggunakan GC-MS dilakukan untuk mendapatkan jenis methyl ester sterarate, palmitat, dan Linoleat
Efek Ekstrak Metanol Daun Engkuduk Talun (Fagraea racemosa) pada Peroksidasi Lipid Secara In Vivo
Full text linkEngkuduk talun plant (Fagraea racemosa) grows in East Kalimantan forest. Stages Extraction research of petroleum eter-cloroform-metanol from leaves, root skin, root, stem skin and Fagraea racemosa’s stem toward radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) is proven that the extract of methanol leaves have the strongest scavenger effect, this can be interpreted that the leaves have the strongest antioxidant potency from all plant parts that have been examined. The given single dose 1 gram/kg b.w of the methanol extract from Fagraea racemosa leaves do not caused the death at the female Wistar rats. On the inhibitor test of forming MDA of rat’s liver the very high of absorbance value has accurred on control by CCl4 ( 0.508 ± 0.039 ), significant if compared to CCl4 added with the vitamin E ( 0.224 ± 0.006 ) and CCl4 added with three doses of methanol extract from the Fagraea racemosa’s leaves ( p=0.000
Penentuan Kriteria Ilmiah Potensi Tumbuhan Obat Unggulan
Full text linkThere is no new name for prime Medisinal plants which can be used to asses medicinal plants. Used of the term is done intuitively by decision makers of the management section or utilization of medicinal plants, which eventually became a name. The study is scientifically to determine the scientific criteria of prime medicinal plants has been done. The method used for the assessment is discussion with expert respondents using multiple methods of decision making. Respondents who used the expert academics and practitioners. Academics consists of expertise Natural Product chemistry, Natural Product Pharmaceuticals (Phamacognosy), Environmental Science, Forestry sciences, and Natural medicine industry. The result of the determination of criteria for assessment of scientific research prime plants found in five criteria (a) The diversity of usefulness / efficacy of a medicinal plant possessed (b) types of diseases can be cured by a medicinal plants (c) easy cultivation of medicinal plants (d) diversity of secondary metabolites content in a medicinal plant (e) type of organ or plant part used as medicine. The five criteria have been validated by using 9 kinds of herbs that have been deemed superior by the Indonesian Food and Drug Administration
The Antioxidant Effectivity of Combination Banana Peel Extract and Orange Peel Extract
Full text linkOxidation reactions on foods and drugs can be inhibit by using antioxidants that binding to free radicals and reactive molecules. The Ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca) peel and orange (Citrus reticulata) peel have antioxidant activity potency. The aim of this research is knowing the antioxidant activity of combination Ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca) peel and orange (Citrus reticulata) peel. IC50 for antioxidant activity potency between Ambonese banana (Musa paradisiaca) peel and orange (Citrus reticulata) peel is expected to increase the antioxidant activity if used as combination that can inhibit oxidation reaction. The inhibit concentration of antioxidant activity is indicated by IC50. The compound that has the highest antioxidant activity will show lowest level of IC50. The antioxidant activity test was performed by DPPH method using UV-Vis spectrophotometer on 516 nm and color change of DPPH from purple to yellow when both of them react with antioxidant compound. The results of IC50 of banana peel extract was 114 mcg / mL; IC50 of orange peel extract was22.2 mcg / mL. The greatest inhibition of the combination of both extracts was 73.53% consisting of 25 μL (0,005%) sample of tangerine orange peel extract and 75 μL (0,015%).The biggest inhibition of the combination of both extracts was 73.53% consisting of 25 μL (0.005%) samples of tangerine orange peel extract and 75 μL (0.015%)
Effectiveness Usual Counseling by Pharmacist of RSUD A.W. Sjahranie Samarinda to Improve Medication Compliance in Hypertension
Full text linkCompliance to antihpertensive medications represents a success factor for blood pressure control in clinical practice. Medical non-compliance has been identified as a major public health problem in the treatment of hypertension. This study evaluated an additional usual counseling could achieve optimal BP control. This experimental study uses cohort study design using prospective patient data collection in patients with hypertension, and hypertension with complications at RSUD A.W.Sjahranie SAMARINDA from Juli 2014-Oktober 2014. Data were collected by interviews and questionnaires; meanwhile the patient\u27s blood pressure data were taken from the medical record. A total of 61 patients. The results showed that there were not significant different in change BP control and compliance level wilcoxcon (p>0,05). The compliance status in usual counseling relatively poor. Phamacist counseling are important to improve medication compliance in hypertensio