Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
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Antioxidant Assay of the Ethanolic Extract of Three Species of Rattan Fruits using DPPH Method
Full text linkThe bioactivity of some species of rattan fruit has been previously studied and it was found that it has potential antioxidant agents. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant content in three species of edible rattan fruit, namely Calamus manan Miq., Calamus ornatus Bl. and Calamus caesius Bl by using the DPPH method, whereby the test was carried out on the pericarp, flesh, and seeds of each fruit. The research findings revealed that phytochemical compounds, i.e. flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids are found almost in all parts of the fruit, while steroid is not found in any of the three species of the fruit. The antioxidant activity found in the fruit of C. caesius Bl is strong, meanwhile the antioxidant activity in the fruit of C. manan Miq only strong in its pericarp and seeds, but it is moderate in its flesh. The antioxidant activity found in the fruit of C. ornatus Bl. is strong in its pericarp and seeds, but it is moderate in its flesh. Therefore, these three species of rattan fruit are potential as antioxidant agents
Antioxidant Assay of the Ethanolic Extract of Three Species of Rattan Fruits using DPPH Method
Full text linkThe bioactivity of some species of rattan fruit has been previously studied and it was found that it has potential antioxidant agents. This study was conducted to determine the antioxidant content in three species of edible rattan fruit, namely Calamus manan Miq., Calamus ornatus Bl. and Calamus caesius Bl by using the DPPH method, whereby the test was carried out on the pericarp, flesh, and seeds of each fruit. The research findings revealed that phytochemical compounds, i.e. flavonoids, tannins, and triterpenoids are found almost in all parts of the fruit, while steroid is not found in any of the three species of the fruit. The antioxidant activity found in the fruit of C. caesius Bl is strong, meanwhile the antioxidant activity in the fruit of C. manan Miq only strong in its pericarp and seeds, but it is moderate in its flesh. The antioxidant activity found in the fruit of C. ornatus Bl. is strong in its pericarp and seeds, but it is moderate in its flesh. Therefore, these three species of rattan fruit are potential as antioxidant agents
The role of gut microbiome in nutrition and its influenceon a healthy diet
Full text linkThe gut microbiome is a complex and dynamic ecosystem that plays a crucial role in human health, influencing various physiological processes including nutrition, metabolism, immune function, and mental well-being. This review explores the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and nutrition, highlighting its impact on overall health. The composition and diversity of the gut microbiota are shaped by factors such as diet, age, genetics, and environmental conditions. Dietary patterns, particularly the consumption of probiotics, fermented foods, and specific macronutrients, can modulate the gut microbiome, affecting nutrient metabolism, vitamin synthesis, and the production of beneficial compounds like short-chain fatty acids. These microbial metabolites influence host health through mechanisms such as immune regulation and metabolic processes. The gut microbiome also plays a pivotal role in the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication network that influences mental health and cognitive function. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiota, has been linked to numerous health conditions, including obesity, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. While dietary interventions show promise in restoring microbial balance and improving health outcomes, challenges remain in gut microbiome research, including technical and methodological limitations, the need for standardization, and the complexity of human-microbiome interactions. As our understanding of the gut microbiome continues to evolve, it holds significant potential for advancing preventive medicine and improving overall human health. Future research should focus on overcoming current challenges to develop more personalized and effective microbiome-based therapies
The Role of Data Analytics in Optimizing Hospital Resource Allocation and Decision-making
Full text linkHospitals operate within highly complex and resource-constrained environments where decisions regarding beds, workforce, operating rooms, diagnostic services, and medical supplies directly influence patient safety, quality of care, operational efficiency, and financial sustainability. Persistent challenges such as emergency department overcrowding, prolonged waiting times, workforce shortages, and rising healthcare costs indicate systemic inefficiencies in traditional hospital resource allocation practices. Historically, hospital decision-making has relied on retrospective reporting, static staffing ratios, and managerial experience, approaches that are increasingly inadequate for managing real-time variability and interdependencies within modern healthcare systems. The rapid digitalization of healthcare, particularly through the widespread adoption of electronic health records and integrated hospital information systems, has created unprecedented opportunities to apply data analytics to hospital operations. Data analytics enables hospitals to transform large volumes of clinical and operational data into actionable insights that support evidence-based decision-making. This review examines the role of data analytics in optimizing hospital resource allocation and decision-making by synthesizing contemporary evidence across descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive analytics. It explores key analytical methodologies, including machine learning, process mining, simulation modeling, and optimization techniques, and evaluates their application in critical operational domains such as emergency department crowding, inpatient flow, length of stay prediction, workforce planning, and strategic capacity management. In addition, this review critically discusses implementation challenges that limit the real-world impact of hospital analytics, including data quality issues, interoperability barriers, governance gaps, privacy concerns, and algorithmic bias. The findings indicate that data analytics can substantially enhance hospital performance when embedded within clinical workflows and supported by robust organizational governance. However, sustainable benefits require alignment between analytical models, decision-making processes, ethical oversight, and institutional culture
Karakteristik dan Pengobatan Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Di Rumah Sakit Panglima Sebaya Paser
Full text linkDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major health problems, every year the number of patients keep increase. DM can cause chronic complications, will degrade the quality of human resources. Drug interactions occur when the effect of a medication change because other drugs, food, or beverages. The best therapeutic treatment concerning the selection and administration of drugs is very beneficial for the patient. This study aims to determine the type and prevalence of DM, characteristics, and use of medications, and potential drug interactions in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Observational study was conducted using retrospective data DM medical records of all patients in Panglima sebaya Paser’s hospital. Then the data are taken randomly 30 patients for further analysis. The Most type of Diabetes Mellitus is NIDDM ( Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Melitus) as much 1.148 patients, the most characteristic is patients aged 45-59 years (76.66%), female (66.64%), primary school education (34.6%), and not work (86.9%), and has a family history of diabetes (55.6%). The most used drug in the treatment of diabetes is metformin (32.5%) of the biguanide class. Drug interactions are the most common is Insulin with captopril (46%)
Efek Ekstrak Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) pada Ekspresi Telomerase dari Kanker Payudara Tikus yang Diinduksi dengan DMBA
Full text linkIt has been well documented that chemical carcinogen, 7.12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), plays a role in the incidence and growth of mammary cancer. Present study was designed to investigate the influence of Andrographis paniculata extract on telomerase activities on DMBA induced breast cancer in the female rat Sprague Dawley strain. DMBA-induced mammary cancer is a useful model to investigate the changes of epithelial cells that occur during mammary cancer progression. Mammary cancer model was induced 10 times twice a week by oral DMBA 20 mg/kg body weight. Mammary cancer occurred in 75 % animals nine weeks after oral administration of DMBA, it was represented with nodule on the mammary gland and the increasing of mammary gland volume compare with normal control F(1.8) = 731.711; p < 0.001. This study was also designed to investigate the effect of Andrographis paniculata extract mammary carcinoma induced by DMBA. Administration of three different dose of Andrographis paniculata (100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) had statistically different with mammary gland volume of DMBA treated rat F (4.17) = 92.777; p<0.05. So, Andrographis paniculata has significant effect on the treatment of DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma. The Epithelial cells were harvested on day 90 and stained with routine histology staining, hematoxylineosin, for morphological qualitative analysis, immunohistochemical examination. The lesions observed from the removed samples ranged widely from benign to malignant. The results showed that DMBA induce cell proliferation, nuclear irregularities, and numerous mitoses and induced cell necrosis. The effect of Andrographis paniculata inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. On immunohistochemical examination, it shows that Andrographis paniculata can stimulate of telomerase enzyme
The Release of Sodium Diclofenac from Matrix Type of Transdermal Patch
Full text linkThe sodium diclofenac realeased from transdermal patch of combination of ethyl cellulose (EC) N-20 nd polyvinyl pyrollidon (PVP) K-30 was investigated. In this study, matrix-type of transdermal patchntaining diclofenac sodium were prepared using polymeric combination of EC N-20 and PVP K-30 in various ratios ( 9:1 (Formula I); 8:2 (Formula II); and 7:3 (Formula III)). The percentage of moisture content was calculated as a difference between initial and final weight with respect to final weight. The homogeneity of patch surface was determined using fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Released test using dissolution apparatus were carried out in 500 mL of phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 ± 0.05 at temperature 37 ± 0.5°C with speed of swirl 50 rpm. Results were analyzed by statistic programmed of SPSS using one way analysis of variance with degree of believed 95% (α = 0,05). It can be concluded that the combination of EC N-20 and PVP K-30 at ratio 7:3 was the best choice for manufacturing transdermal patch based on physicochemical and the release profile
Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak dan Fraksi Ekstrak Daun Rami (Boehmeria virgata (Forst.) Guill Terhadap Beberapa Mikroba Organisme
Full text linkThis study aims to the antimicrobial activity test of leaf extract of B. virgata, and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values determine to​​ against some microbes with solid dilution method The materials in maceration with methanol were obtained with 500 grams, than partitioned with solid liquid partition method to use n-hexane, methanol-soluble extract obtained by n-hexane and methanol extracts insoluble n-hexane, both extracts was chemical component monitoring with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), then tested with solid dilution method its activity. Antimicrobial activity test results from both types of extracts, methanol extract soluble fraction of n-hexane showed better than activity methanol extract of insoluble fraction of n-hexane, because it can inhibit the growth of the bacteria E. coli, V. cholerae and S. thyposa, while the methanol extract of n-hexane insoluble only able to inhibit the bacteria V. cholerae, methanol-soluble extract fraction of n-hexane as the active extracts 1000 ug / ml medium that can kill or inhibit of microbes the growth
Identifikasi Gugus Fungsi Minyak Buah Nipa (Nypa fructicans) Kaliwanggu Teluk Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara
Full text linkNipa is one of the vegetation mangroves in Southeast Sulawesi that optimal utilization by people in this region is not optimal because less of information. Attempt to provide information of oil component has done research with the title “Identification of Functional Group of Oil from Nipa Fruit (Nypa fructicans) at Kaliwanggu, Kendari Bay, Southeast Sulawesiâ€. Research was using the extraction technique, trans-esterification reactions, and FTIR measurements. The extracted oil is having characteristic aromatic, colourless, and volatile. The Oil content was obtain 13.72%, 10.57%, 7.73%, and 3.62% for oil from fiber seed fruit, fruit pulp, fruit cob, and epidermis seed fruit, respectively. The interpretation of FTIR spectrum was obtain vibrations of methylene (CH2) which overlap with vibration of the cis-alkene bond (cis-HC = CH), stretching vibration of ester group (C-O), bending vibrations of C-H, stretching vibration of ester group (C = O), and hydroxyl group (OH)
α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of In Vitro Combination of 96% Ethanolic Extract of Brotowali Stem (Tinospora cordifolia) and Cashew Apple (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Full text linkCashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L), contains flavonoid compound which plays a role in the medical treatment of Diabetes Mellitus because this compound has activity as an ?-glucosidase inhibitor. Brotowali stem extract (Tinospora cordfolia) demonstrated ?-glucosidase inhibitory (AGIS) activity. This research aimed to measure 96% ethanolic extract AGIS activity of brotowali-cashew apple combination (BJM). The research was conducted by using ELISA reader instrument at 405 nm for AGIS activity test. The IC50 was calculated from each sample. The IC50 of brotowali stem and cashew apple was 34,61 ?g/ml and 109,32 ?g/ml. Then, the combination of brotowali and cashew apple extract was mixed with each concentration of 0,5%. From 1:0, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 0:1 BJM comparison resulted in AGIS power percentage averages of 84.05%, 69.51%, 70.92%, 68.10%, 40.37%. The results of this research indicated that brotowali stem has the potential as AGIS, while cashew apple has not any potential towards AGIS and that extract combination does not give synergic effect. Therefore, the use of a combination of brotowali-cashew apple extract is not as effective as the use of brotowali single extracts to inhibit the ?-glucosidase enzym