Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
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Nutrition and Neuroprotection in Aging: A Review of Omega-3, Flavonoids, B-Vitamins, MCT Oil, and Ketogenic Protocols for Dementia Prevention
Full text linkPopulation aging has led to a global increase in dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Diet is a key modifiable factor with growing potential for neuroprotection. This review synthesizes mechanistic, epidemiological, and clinical evidence on five nutritional strategies relevant to dementia prevention: omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), flavonoids, B-vitamins, medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, and ketogenic approaches. A narrative review with systematic search elements was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, prioritizing meta-analyses, large prospective cohorts, and randomized controlled trials involving older adults, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Evidence indicates that higher intake or status of omega-3 PUFAs and flavonoid-rich foods is associated with reduced dementia risk and modest cognitive benefits, particularly in midlife or prodromal stages. B-vitamin supplementation may slow brain atrophy and cognitive decline in individuals with elevated homocysteine, while effects are limited in unselected populations. MCT oil and ketogenic interventions improve cognition by providing alternative brain energy substrates, with greater benefits observed in MCI and APOE ε4 non-carriers. Overall, a multi-target nutritional approach addressing neuroinflammation, vascular health, homocysteine metabolism, and brain energy deficits shows promise for dementia prevention. Future research should emphasize biomarker-guided personalization and integration with broader lifestyle interventions
Potensi Tumbuhan Libo (Ficus variegata, Blume) sebagai Sumber Bahan Farmasi Potensial
Full text linkLibo ( Ficus varieagata ) is a wild plant that has not been utilized in any form , including traditional because it has latex plant fruit and bark , and if the latex on the skin cause itching occurs even irritation . The nature of that cause undesirable fruit so that the fruit -eating animals are well maintained . Libo ripe fruit on the tree will fall to the ground and grow into a tree Libo Libo dewasa.Potensi plant fruiting and fruit continuously disliked fruit -eating animals that populations of plants Libo maintained and continues to grow . Has conducted numerous studies on fruit Libo relation with potential pharmaceutical and proven potential as a source of antioxidant , cytotoxic or anticancer , exterminator larval A. aegypti , and as an antibacterial . These potentials can be used as a preservative , an anticancer drug , and a source of antibiotics if the research is done in detail . Libo fruit also contains a group of secondary metabolites are highly variable so it still allows for other uses - uses in the pharmaceutical field
Riset Sitotoksik Campuran Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L) dan Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) pada Sel Vero dan AML12
Full text linkMix of soursop leaves and mangosteen pericarp use as cancer phytotherapy and antioxidant, but it is not yet known its toxicities data. The aim of this study was evaluate cytotoxicity effect of mix of soursop leaves and mangosteen pericarps extract on vero cells and AML12 cells. Toxicity study is one ways to predict the presence of toxic compounds using normal cells or cells that have undergone a transformation. That study was using vero cell and AML12. Samples was ethanolic extract of soursop leaves and mangosteen pericarp. The test dose were 100; 50; 25; 12,5; 6,25 dan 3,125 mg/mL in vero cell and 500; 250; 125; 62,5; 31,25 dan 15,625 mg/mL in AML12. Cells were cultured in well plate 96 and incubated in CO2, temperature 37°C for 24 hours and then added samples and incubated incubated in CO2, temperature 37°C for 24 hours. Cell was added MTT and read with ELISA reader. The results showed IC50 55,97mg/mL in vero cells and 43,292 mg/mL in AML12. Conclusion of this study is ethanolic extract of soursop leaves and mangosteen pericarps has toxicity effect in vero cells and AML12 cells (IC50<100 mg/mL)
Optimasi Sabun Cair Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Zingiber officinale Rosc. var.rubrum dengan Variasi Minyak Jarak dan Kalium Hidroksida
Full text linkOne of the causes of skin diseases are bacterial infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Based on previous studies of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc var.rubrum) have antibacterial activity. The aimed of this research was to find the optimum concentration of castor oil and potassium hydroxide (KOH) with good physicochemical properties with Simplex Lattice Design method, and determine the effectiveness of liquid soap against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with disc diffusion test. Extraction of red ginger with shoxletation and 96% ethanol. The optimization liquid soap design was using Simplex Lattice Design. The basic liquid soap composition was used to predict the optimum formula contain castor oil and KOH for comparasion (0: 100), (25:75), (50:50), (75:25), (100: 0). The research showed optimum consentration value of red ginger ethanol extract is 5%. The optimum formulas contained of 40,035 g of castor oil and 10,875 g KOH. The optimum liquid soap’s colour was brown, charateristic smell of ginger, stiff, with a pH value of 9,4, viscosity of 1233 cP, 1,14% free fatty acids and alkali-free 0%. The independent T test result by using the R-2.14.1 program was p values > 0.05 against S. epidermidis and p <0.05 against S. aureus. As conclusion, the Simplex Lattice Design can produce optimum liquid soap formulas and give antibacterial effectiveness
Analisis Kuantitatif Neodimium, Praseodimium, Cerium, dan Lantanum dalam Monasit dengan KCKT Pertukaran Ion
Full text linkNeodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Lanthanum are rare earth elements with considerably high concentration in monazite and xenotime. Samples used in this research are monazite sands from PT Timah Bangka and obtained from Dowa Mining product. The determination and separation of these rare earth elements carried out with ion exchange HPLC method using ion exchanger column Supelcosil LC-SCX with column length 25 cm, diameter 4.6 mm and particle size 5 mm, and using conductometer detector of Waters 432 type. The optimum condition for these rare earth elements were: using ethylendiamin solution of 1.50 mM, and tatrate acid 2.00 mM as moving phase and complexing agent at pH 4.5 with flow rate 0.8 mL per minute and sample volume 10 mL. Research results showed that ion exchange HPLC method can be used to separate and to determinate the concentration of Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Lanthanum. Chromatograms obtained of these four of rare earth elements were well separated. This was showed from their resolutions (R) which range from 2 to 4 at concentration 100 ppm for Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Lanthanum with retention time 9.66, 10.87, 13.42, 16.29 minutes respectively. The concentration of Neodymium, praseodymium, cerium, and lanthanum in monazite (w/w) were 4.580±0.003, 7.860±0.002, 4.200±0.003, 4.160±0.005% respectively
Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotika Berdasarkan Kontraindikasi, Efek Samping, dan Interaksi Obat pada Pasien Rawat Inap dengan Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Bawah Di Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih Yogyakarta Periode Januari-Juni 2005
Full text linkThe non-TBC lower respiratory infection is a kind of infection that can attack bronchus, bronchioles and lung, the clinical manifestation can chronicle and severe. Generally the caused in children is virus and bacteria while in adult is bacteria, which is using antibiotics in medical attention. The purpose of research is to find out the infection pattern and the kind of antibiotics and to evaluate the using antibiotics based on effectivity. The non-experimental research that was form in a retrospective survey was done through medical record of patient with the lower respiratory infection in the time limit of January-June 2005 in Panti Rapih Hospital. The using of antibiotics was surveyed from medical record then analyzed using quantitative descriptive and presented in percentage. The results obtained showed that the contraindications and adverse reactions of drugs are not found, the incidence of drug interactions by 22 (16%) of 137 cases and of 29 types of antibiotics are used there are 7 species (24%) of potential antibiotic drug interactions. Several cases of potential interactions occurs not show clinical manifestations in patients. To avoid unwanted adverse reactions serum creatinine should be monitored especially in the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics group
Persepsi, Efektifitas, dan Keamanan Penggunaan Rokok Elektrik (E-Cigarette) oleh Perokok Aktif sebagai Terapi dalam Smoking Cessation: Mixed Methods dengan Pendekatan Studi Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif
Full text linkCigarettes is one of the biggest causes of health problems in the world. Disadvantages in terms of health and economy is then the program to stop smoking (smoking cessation) became the main choice of treatment for smokers. Now a lot of smokers switch to using electric cigarette (e-cigarette) which increased rapidly its development. This study aims to explore more deeply about the perception, effectiveness and safety of the use of electric cigarette by active smokers in their efforts to quit smoking. This research design uses mix method, with descriptive method stage and interpretive phase of phenomenology analysis (IPA) in observing perception, effectiveness, and security. Respondents involved as many as 47 people, namely users of electric cigarettes that had previously used regular cigarettes (tobacco). The results showed participants thought that electrically effective cigarettes help in the process of smoking cessation. Elastic cigarettes have been shown to reduce the frequency of tobacco use (25%) and cause smoking cessation (75%). While most respondents did not experience side effects (66.66%), and the reported effects were dry and cough throat (33.33%). In conclusion, electric cigarettes are believed to be able to help the smoking cessation process although its effectiveness and safety still require further research
Effect of Combination of Dark Chocolate and Herbal Ingredients for Dysmenorrhea in Late Adolescents
Full text linkAbout 55% of women experience dysmenorrhea. One of the foods that can reduce menstrual pain is dark chocolate. Other herbal ingredients such as turmeric, red ginger, moringa, sambiloto, and honey are also known to reduce pain. However, research on combination of dark chocolate with herbal ingredients has not been conducted. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of dark chocolate with herbs in reducing menstrual pain. This test was conducted on 30 respondents who were divided into three groups, namely the positive control group (K), dark chocolate (C), and a combination of dark chocolate with herbs (C+H). Dark chocolate was combined with herbal ingredients consisting of turmeric, red ginger, moringa, sambiloto extract, and honey as a beverage 250 mL. The study is quantitative research with quasi-experimental method. Pain measurement using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) sheet was given before and 2 hours after treatment. The data was analyzed using paired t-test. State the results of the values obtained the combination of dark chocolate and herbs showed a significant reduction in pain before and after treatment (p<0.05). Based on these results, it was concluded that the combination of dark chocolate with herbs could be one of the therapies for dysmenorrhea
Adsorptive Removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand Using Eggshells and Tea Waste Entrapped in Calcium Alginate
Full text linkThis study aims to assess the efficiency of two agricultural wastes as biosorbents to remove the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from a batik wastewater sample. COD-containing batik wastewater was treated with a combination of biosorbents by eggshells and tea waste activated using H?SO? and then immobilized in calcium alginate through the entrapment technique. The contact time, pH, and biosorbent dose were all investigated to examine the efficiency of biosorbent to remove COD. The independent variables for the optimization process are the contact time (47.13, 50, 60, 70, and 72.87 min), pH of the samples (1.71, 2,3, 4, and 4.28), and the ratio of the number of biosorbent between eggshells: tea waste (2.67:12.33, 3.75:11.25, 7.5:7.5, 11.25:3.75, and 12.33:2.67). The Characterization of the biosorbents was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The results show that eggshells and tea waste immobilized by calcium alginate with a ratio of 2.67 g: 12.33 g, a contact time of 60 min, and a sample pH of 3 are 89% effective in removing the COD in batik wastewater samples
Flavonoid Level Determination in Jamu Pegel Linu in Magelang Regency Using Uv-Visible Spectrophotometry
Full text linkJamu is made from the toga plant, which is still used medicinally in Indonesia. Rutin, a type of flavonoid component, is frequently present in herbal medicine pegel linu. Rutin serves as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory by neutralizing free radicals, which helps to prevent tissue damage and relieve soreness. This research\u27s objective was to evaluate the amounts of flavonoids in samples using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, employing three samples of herbal medicine (A, B and C) as well as the standard solution, reagents AlCl3 and sodium acetate. In this investigation, the protocol utilized to determine the maximum wavelength was 400–800 nm, and the result was 413.5 nm. The linear regression equation is y = 0.0471x + 0.0624 with a correlation coefficient of R2 of 0.9934 and a LOD value of 3.9694 mg / L and a LOQ value of 13.231 mg / L. The determination of total flavonoid levels considered as rutin uses concentrations of 10, 12.14, 16 and 18 ppm with operating time of 30 minutes. The findings of rutin content analysis for samples A, B, and C were 1.6683%, 2.8763%, and 3.0923%, respectively