Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
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Effect of Education on Knowledge and Attitude Level Related to Vitamin D in Pharmacy Students
Full text linkIndonesia is a country located in the tropics with sun exposure throughout the season. Sun exposure is the best source of vitamin D and there have been no cases of vitamin D intoxication due to excessive sun exposure. Pharmacy students tend to lack knowledge of vitamin D. Changes in lifestyle and modernization lead to high use of sunscreens which can lead to a decrease in the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin. This research was conducted to determine the differences in knowledge and attitudes towards sun exposure using cross sectional method on 100 first semester pharmacy students and 100 final semester students. Test differences in aspects of knowledge and attitudes using odds ratios. The results of the knowledge aspect odds ratio test are 1,000 and the attitude aspect odds ratio test results were 0.583 so that it can be concluded that both knowledge and attitudes towards sun exposure have the same risk tendency for first semester and final semester pharmacy students
Review of Natural Remedies for Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing
Full text linkDiabetic is a metabolic disorder disease leading to hyperglycemia because of lack of insulin secretion or inadequate of insulin activity. Indonesia has 9.600 plant species that have been used for health care and treatment of various diseases. Diabetic patients can experience a problem in the form of foot blood vessels disorders and if not treated properly will become wounds that are difficult to heal and easily develop into gangrene which is high risk of amputation. Therefore, this journal will discuss about natural remedies that can be used as a treatment in patients with diabetic wounds and several pharmacological testing performed for testing the diabetic wound healing activity . Various kinds of natural remedies such as Andredera cordifolia, Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, Carica papaya and hone are proven to accelerate diabetic wound healing through various mechanisms
Pharmacist’s Strategies in Treating Asthma Bronchiale Outpatien
Full text linkAsthma is one of the major health problems in the world. Actual asthma symptoms can be treated and controlled, so that most patients can prevent the onset of symptoms throughout the day, to prevent a serious attack. Pharmacists play a role in pharmaceutical care that aims to find health care system needed to improve drug therapy of complex and significant value of drug-related morbidity and mortality, functions to improve pharmacotherapy outcomes and quality of life of patients with asthma. The patient\u27s belief about health and illness and related behaviors are also very important to the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care. Objective research to study the role of pharmacists in pharmaceutical care in the treatment of outpatient asthma bronchiale. The type of study was cross-sectional. The number of respondents recruited was 22 patients. In this study data were obtained by direct interview using a form of data collection, accompanied by observations of the patients. Result research Patients involved in this study were 22. The total numbers of DRPs were 20 cases (problem-based) and 23 cases (cause-based). The class of drugs causing most DRPs was beta-2 agonist. The subjective perceptions of symptoms experienced by the majority of patients with asthma were: shortness of breath (100%), wheezing sound (90%), fatigue and difficulty sleeping (85%). The cognitive aspect of illness perceived by the patients regarding identity, cause of illness and cure or control was correct, but those concerning consequences and timeline were still lacking. This study demonstrates that the role of pharmacists in pharmaceutical care in ambulatory asthma patients has a nature of direct counseling to patients and monitoring. Monitoring of patients on a regular basis and analysis of the occurrence of drug-related problems might help the patients to get effective, safe and rational treatment
Aktivitas Antibakteri Tumbuhan Prinjak (Aleurites moluccana (L.)) terhadap Bakteri Salmonella thyposa dan Vibrio cholera
Full text linkA research which antibacterial activity test from Prinjak plant (Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd to several pathogens bacterial, which aims to determine the antibacterial activity of bark prinjak (A. moluccana L.) against bacteria Salmonella thyposa and Vibrio cholerae. Extracts used is crude methanol extract. Examination of antibacterial with Minimum Kill Concentration (KBM) method, and followed by agar diffusion method with using paper disks. ANOVA analisis test it is obtained very significant results, followed by BNJ advanced test, BNJ test obtained the best concentration is 1.75 % results of the bacteria Salmonella and Vibrio cholerae thiposa
Ekstrak Daun Cocor Bebek (Kalanchoe pinnata) untuk Terapi Preventif Lupus pada Mencit yang Diinduksi dengan 2,6,10,14 Tetramethylpentadecane
Full text linkCocor bebek Plants (Kalanchoe pinnata) has been observed to have a potent immunosuppressant compounds in BALB/c mice with Delayed Type Hypersensitivity test (DTH). Compounds are efficacious immunosuppression can be used for treatment of autoimmune diseases such as lupus. The purpose of this study was knowing the class of compounds in leaf extracts cocor bebek and test whether the extract can prevent the occurrence of lupus in test animals. Methods: In this study the identification of classes of compounds present in Cocor bebek leaf extracts and testing imunnosupression activities from test animals BALB/c mice induced lupus using 2,6,10,14 tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD). Parameters measured lupus glomerulonephritis which was known by the presence of proteinuria using a test strip supported by data on changes in weight. Results: Extracts of cocor bebek leaves positive contain tannins, flavonoids, saponins and steroid / triterpene. Mice given the extract of Cocor bebek leaves every day until the 3rd month after not having induced proteinuria, while untreated mice had proteinuria up to +2 (proteinuria levels> 30 mg / dL)
The Potential Of Citronella (Cymbopogon Nardus (L.) Rendle) Essential Oil In Inhibiting The Formation Of Escherichia Coli And Candida Albicans Biofilms
Full text linkIndonesia is a tropical country that has very high biodiversity, one of which is the citronella plant (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle). Citronella leaves have a strong distinctive aroma and essential oils are odorous compounds found in the plant. This study aims to identify the components of compounds in essential oils in citronella oil and the potential for antibiofilm against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Essential oils were obtained through a distillation process. Furthermore, they were tested in four concentration series (0.125%; 0.25%; 0.5%; 0.1%) to measure the activity of the ability to inhibit the formation of E. coli and C. albicans biofilms using the microdilution method. The results of the antibiofilm test were analyzed based on optical density to calculate the percentage of inhibition. Citronella essential oil with the highest concentration of 1% showed inhibition of biofilm formation against E. coli and C. albicans of 84% and 79% respectively. Citronella essential oil can inhibit the formation of E. coli and C. albicans biofilms
Antioxidant Activity of Citrus nobilis var Microcarpa and Citrus aurantifolia Hard Candy
Full text linkIn Indonesia, Pontianak oranges and limes are commonly consumed as food and used in traditional medicine, with their antioxidant compounds that contribute to the protection of body cells from oxidative stress caused by free radicals. This research aimed to assess hard candy formulations using hedonic evaluation and to analyze the antioxidant activity of a blend of Pontianak oranges and limes. The evaluation comprised weight uniformity, stability, sugar reduction, and antioxidant activity analysis using the ABTS method. Antioxidant testing of Pontianak orange and lime juice was conducted using three formulations with ratios of 2:3 (F1), 3:2 (F2), and 1:1 (F3). The antioxidant activity values of the fruit juice formulations F1, F2, and F3 were 75.254 ppm, 87.141 ppm, and 79.223 ppm, respectively. In contrast, the corresponding hard candy formulations exhibited antioxidant activity values of 171.863 ppm, 209.729 ppm, and 180.805 ppm. The hard candy met the weight uniformity criteria, with no samples exceeding a 5% deviation from the average weight. The formulations were stable at temperatures of 8–15 °C, with reducing sugar contents of 11.170%, 11.726%, and 11.377%
Prediction of Bioactivity, Molecular Targets, and ADMET Properties of Chlorogenic Acid Derived from Coffee Beans (Coffea liberica)
Full text linkChlorogenic acid is a major polyphenolic compound present in coffee beans and has been widely recognized for its diverse pharmacological properties. However, comprehensive information regarding its bioactivity spectrum, molecular targets, and pharmacokinetic characteristics remains limited, particularly for chlorogenic acid derived from Coffea liberica. This study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity, molecular targets, and ADMET properties of chlorogenic acid using an integrated in silico approach. Bioactivity prediction was performed using the Way2Drug platform to identify potential pharmacological activities. Molecular target identification was conducted using SwissTargetPrediction to determine probable protein targets relevant to human biology. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles were assessed using the pkCSM web server to evaluate absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity parameters. The bioactivity analysis revealed strong predicted antioxidant, membrane-protective, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities. Target prediction indicated interactions with multiple protein classes, predominantly enzymes and proteases, including aldo-keto reductases, matrix metalloproteinases, carbonic anhydrases, and proteins associated with metabolic, inflammatory, oncogenic, and neurodegenerative pathways. ADMET analysis demonstrated moderate oral absorption, limited central nervous system penetration, low risk of cytochrome P450–mediated drug–drug interactions
Pengaruh Kadar Polietilen Glikol (PEG) 400 terhadap Pelepasan Natrium Diklofenak dari Sediaan Transdermal Patch Type Matriks
Full text linkThe sodium diclofenac realeased from transdermal patch of combination of EC N–20 and PVP K–30 with ratio 6:4 with plasticizer PEG 400 5% (formula 1), PEG 400 10% (formula 2) and PEG 400 20% (formula 3) was investigated. The percentage of moisture contents was calculated as a difference between initial and final weight with respect to final weight. The homogeneity of patch surface was determined using fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Released test using dissolution apparatus were carried out in 500 mL of phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 ± 0.05 at temperature 37 ± 0.5°C with speed of swirl 50 rpm. Results were analyzed by statistic programmed of SPSS using one way analysis of variance with degree of believed 95% (α = 0,05), showed that that the combination of EC N–20 and PVP K–30 at ratio 6:4 with plasticizer PEG 400 5% was the best choice for manufacturing transdermal patch based on physicochemical and the release profile
Efektivitas Gel Antijerawat Ekstrak Metanol Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina L.) terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis Secara In Vitro
No full textPropionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis is an inflamation triggering bacterias in acne vulgaris. Plants that has been studied for antibacterial effect is Impatiens balsamina. Gel bases for acnes therapy are hydrophilic bases like HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and carbopol. The aim of this study was to know the optimum combination of Carbopol and HPMC (Hydroxypropyl metylcellulose) in gel formulation that gives best antibacterial effect and to evaluate physical and chemical properties of gel. Extraction was performed by soxhlet method with methanol as solvent. The design of optimum gel formulation was performed using simplex lattice design. Optimum gel formulation was combination of 21% HPMC and 79% Carbopol. Verification results showed that optimum gel of inhibition zone of P. acnes and S. epidermidis is 17.61±0.93 mm and 16.01±1.01 mm respectively. Positive control compared to optimum gel showed inhibition zone toward P.acnes and S.epidermidis of 29.1±1.34 mm and 24.98±1.83 mm respectively. Analysis results using T-test showed that p-value was lower than 0.05 (p<0.05) hence the effectivity from optimum gel was significantly different from positive control that has greater activity than optimum gel. Evaluation of optimum gel showed gel has dark brown color, specific odor from extract, adhesive force of 3.17 minutes, spreadibility of 32.69 cm2, viscosity of 436.66 cP and as well as the pH of 5.23