Revistas Universidad del Bío-Bío
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Virtual cultural exchange between students from Bio-Bio University and Grand Valley State Univeristy (GVSU)
Get PDFA virtual cultural exchange pilot experience. The program was promoted by the Spanish Program for Foreigners and the Department of Arts and Letters of the University of Bío-Bío. This initiative was developed within the framework of an international cooperation agreement between the Universidad del Bío-Bío (UBB) and Grand Valley State University (GVSU). The objective of this initiative was to generate cultural exchange to promote motivation in learning English as a foreign language. By using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) the data produced with the students was organized and analyzed. The assessment collected from satisfaction surveys answered by students from both institutions indicated that the experience met expectations. It favored cultural exchange between students who positively valued this experience, mainly aspects related to the optimization of opportunities offered by the technology in these difficult times. It is therefore anticipated that this initiative will be repeated and will add more students and teachers.Se realiza una experiencia piloto de intercambio cultural, de modo virtual, la cual es impulsada por Programa de Español para Extranjeros, que depende del Departamento de Artes y Letras de la Universidad del Bío-Bío. Esta iniciativa se desarrolló en el marco de un convenio de cooperación internacional entre la Universidad del Bío-Bío (UBB) y Grand Valley State University (GVSU). El objetivo de esta iniciativa fue generar intercambio cultural para favorecer la motivación hacia el aprendizaje del inglés como lengua extranjera. A través de un análisis temático los datos recogidos con los estudiantes fueron organizados y analizados para su posterior discusión. La valoración recogida a partir de encuestas de satisfacción respondidas por los estudiantes de ambas instituciones indica que la experiencia cumplió las expectativas, puesto que favoreció el intercambio cultural entre estudiantes quienes valoraron positivamente esta experiencia, principalmente los aspectos referidos a la optimización de oportunidades que ofrece la tecnología en estos tiempos difíciles. Es por tanto que se proyecta repetir esta iniciativa sumando más estudiantes y docentes a ella
Pedagogía de la memoria: propuesta para crear unidades didácticas en segundo ciclo de enseñanza media
Get PDFThe pedagogy of memory emerges as a theoretical proposal resulting from the need for a cohesive civic education in Latin America that considers the importance between teaching recent past and human rights to strengthen critical thinking in students. Its birth is part of the social and political changes of western societies in their advance towards the recovery of historical memory. For the purposes of incorporating this proposal in more specific contexts, the case of Chile presents a series of opportunities and disadvantages, therefore, for the purpose of its applying in the classrooms, the main guidelines that connect the national educational curriculum with pedagogy of memory are presented, in order to facilitate the creation of a lesson plan in the second cycle of high school.La pedagogía de la memoria surge como una propuesta teórica producto de la necesidad de una educación cívica cohesiva en América Latina que considere la importancia entre la enseñanza del pasado reciente y los derechos humanos para el fortalecimiento del pensamiento crítico en las y los estudiantes. Su nacimiento se enmarca en los cambios sociales y políticos de las sociedades occidentales en su avance por la recuperación de la memoria histórica. Para efectos de la incorporación de esta propuesta en contextos más específicos, el caso de Chile presenta una serie de oportunidades y desventajas, por ende, para efectos de su aplicación en las salas de clases se presentan los lineamientos principales que conectan el currículum educacional nacional con la pedagogía de la memoria, para así facilitar la creación de una unidad didáctica en segundo ciclo de enseñanza media
Community Governance tensions of rural drinking water utilities in periurban territories (Chile)
No full textA diferencia del modelo de concesión privada aplicado en zonas urbanas, los servicios sanitarios de las zonas rurales en Chile son gestionados por comités o cooperativas de agua potable rural (APR), bajo un modelo de gobernanza comunitaria. El presente artículo busca comprender cuáles son las tensiones que enfrenta la gobernanza comunitaria de APR en territorios periurbanos de capitales regionales y que constituyen la frontera del modelo de gestión privado del agua potable. A partir de un enfoque de ecología política y gobernanza híbrida, la investigación plantea la hipótesis de que, ante la expansión urbana y la creciente escasez de agua, el marco institucional neoliberal vigente en Chile tiende a favorecer una gobernanza del agua potable de corte mercantil en los territorios periurbanos. Con el fin de demostrar dicha hipótesis, se aplicó entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave, como también observación participante, focalizándose en tres casos de APR ubicados en zonas periurbanas de la ciudad de Talca. El estudio realiza un análisis crítico del discurso de gestores comunitarios y reguladores gubernamentales, identificando sus percepciones y posiciones respecto de las transformaciones socio-ecológicas en curso y las tensiones en la gobernanza comunitaria. En congruencia con lo planteado, del análisis de discursos es posible inferir potenciales riesgos de privatización derivados de la implementación de la Ley N°20.998, que regula los servicios sanitarios rurales.Unlike the private concession model applied in urban zones, rural water sanitation services in Chile are managed by rural drinking water (RDW) committees or cooperatives, under a community governance model. This article seeks to understand the tensions and conflicts faced by RDW community governance in the peri-urban territories of regional capitals, which are at the frontier of the private drinking water management model. Based on a political ecology and hybrid governance approach, this research proposes the hypothesis that, on facing urban expansion and water scarcity, the neoliberal institutional framework tends to favour drinking water market governance in peri-urban territories. With this aim, and through semi-structured interviews and participatory observation, focusing on three RDW cases located in the peri-urban zone of Talca, this study develops a critical discourse analysis of community managers and government regulators, identifying their perceptions and positions on current socio-ecological transformations, and community governance tensions. Consistent with the proposed hypothesis, from discourse analysis, it is possible to infer the potential risks of privatization, derived from the implementation of Law No. 20,998, which regulates rural water sanitation services
Applying colorimetry for wood differentiation of fabaceae species grown in southern brazil
Get PDFBecause of the need for identification of forest species, especially for detection of illegal wood trade, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of colorimetry for differentiation of Inga vera Willd., Muellera campestris (Mart. ex Benth.) M.J. Silva & A.M.G. Azevedo and Machaerium paraguariense Hassl., species of the Fabaceae family, native to the Araucaria Forest in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Discs at breast height were collected from three trees of each species and the colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*, C* and h) and visible spectra were evaluated in different radial position of the trunk (near bark, intermediate and near pith) and three different anatomical sections (transversal, radial and tangential surfaces). Mean values of hue angle (h) among the colorimetric parameters resulted in the highest potential for species discrimination. With respect to radial trunk position and anatomical section, parameters a* (green-red) and h were not statistically different, independent of the wood samples evaluated. For other parameters (L*, b* and C*), each species presented distinct results. Principal component analysis with second derivative of visible spectra discriminated all species. Colorimetry associated with chemometrics allowed to distinguish I. vera, M. campestris and M. paraguariense
Tradición cisterciense: fundación de los monasterios trapenses en Chile (1960-1981)
Get PDFEl monacato cristiano desde su origen en el siglo III estuvo marcado por la experiencia en el desierto, la oración, el trabajo y la obediencia al abad. Su presencia en América fue tardía, pues, la evangelización era la prioridad de la Corona española. En Chile la tradición monástica como tal no se conoció hasta el siglo XX. En 1960 llegaron al territorio los monjes trapenses de la Orden del Císter. La particularidad de esta orden de origen medieval, es que no se enmarca dentro de la herencia religiosa colonial como la mayoría de las fundaciones conventuales en Chile, sino que se basan en la tradición o patrimonio cisterciense. Además, la historiografía eclesiástica a relegado la vida contemplativa a una experiencia colonial extinta u oculta. Este artículo busca describir y analizar los procesos de fundación de los monasterios de la Orden Cisterciense de la Estrecha Observancia -OCSO- en Chile. Los objetos de estudios serán el monasterio masculino Santa María de Miraflores y el monasterio femenino Nuestra Señora de Quilvo y la base bibliográfica serán las fuentes primarias escritas y entrevistas a monjes fundadores. Así, estas fundaciones dan testimonio de la tradición monástica cisterciense de antigua data y la vitalidad del monacato contemporáneo
Synergistic influence of flame retardant additives and citric acid on the functional properties of rice husk/wood blended particleboards
Get PDFThe selected functional properties of rice husk/wood blended particleboards which include thermal analysis, limiting oxygen index, morphological analysis, and mechanical properties have been investigated. Rice husk/wood particleboards were produced with one step hot press casting technique using citric acid to improve the compatibility in the particleboards with calcium oxide and aluminum oxide as flame retardants. The results showed improvement in the mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and thermal stability with the addition of flame retardants to the particleboards. The aluminum oxide synergy with citric acid in rice husk/wood particleboards gave the best flame retardancy
Kinetic analysis of thermal degradation of Cedrela odorata, Marmaroxylon racemosum and Tectona grandis from timber industry
Get PDFThermal analysis is a powerful tool to predict the composition and thermal stability of different materials. In this work, thermogravimetric analysis of Cedrela odorata, Marmaroxylon racemosum and Tectona grandis was carried out at four different heating rates (5 °C·min-1, 10 °C·min-1, 20 °C·min-1 and 40 °C·min-1) in a non-isothermal condition. The degradation kinetics was evaluated based on Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Criado methods. The half-life time of wood degradation reaction was also studied. The wood thermal degradation process in an oxidizing atmosphere can be divided in dehydration, devolatilization, and combustion. The kinetic results revels apparent activation energy values of 130-240 kJ·mol-1 for Tectona grandis, 150-191 kJ·mol-1 for Marmaroxylon racemosum and 188-205 kJ·mol-1 for Cedrela odorata, when conversion values ranged from 0,1-0,5. The most probable degradation mechanism for wood species studied is a diffusion model based on a three-dimensional diffusion. Cedrela odorata presented the lowest reaction half-life time while Marmaroxylon racemosum showed the highest. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Criado methods associated with half-life time of reaction may contribute to better understand the wood degradation before use it in polymer composites
Efficient utilization of corn stalk and poplar planer shavings in manufacturing particleboard
Get PDFIn this study, particleboards were manufactured using a mixture of corn stalks and poplar wood particles at different ratios utilizing 10 % urea-formaldehyde adhesive. Panels with a density of 0,70 g/cm3 were manufactured using various amount of corn stalks and poplar wood from 100 to 25 %. Manufactured panels were tested the mechanical properties including modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond and the water absorption and thickness swelling. In addition, the chemical properties and fiber dimensions of poplar wood and corn stalks were also evaluated. Some properties of the manufactured panels increased with the content of poplar particles. The addition of wood poplar particles resulted in a significant increase of some properties of particleboards. From this study, it can be concluded that the combination of poplar particles and corn stalks resulted in particleboards acceptable for interior applications due to low water absorption and thickness swelling. The internal bond strength, the most serious deficiency of stalks, was upgraded sufficiently by increasing the content of wood poplar particles. This study demonstrate that corn stalks may be considered as a charger for wood poplar particleboards manufacturer in region where wood is not abundant. unusual to wood material in the production of particleboards
Using of versine and sagitta calculations for log sawing optimization, part 1: Circular cross-section
Get PDFLog sawing can be defined as a problem with obtaining squares from a cylindrical shaped raw material, log. There are traditional sawing methods such as live, cant, quarter, etc. for sawmills. However, they cant generally obtain maximum yield due to log and lumber variables for each log. Therefore, many mathematical approaches and computer programs were improved for log sawing. In this study, suitability of two geometrical calculations, versine and sagitta, were tried for log sawing process. Logs were assumed having cylindrical shape and circular cross section. The estimation accuracy of calculations were tested for live and cant sawing methods with in a drawing software. The results showed that one of versine equations works almost as well as the real dimensions. It is suggested that the equation can be used inside of algorithms for log sawing optimization. However, the real log defects such as taper, irregular cross-section, curvature, etc. should be considered for more realistic yield and accuracy
Train stations as nodes and places: the potential of trains for transit-oriented urban development in Santiago, Chile
Get PDFIn Latin American cities, the train has played a less relevant role in recent decades as a structuring element of urban development. As with other means of mass transportation, railroads can be the object of strategies that foster the integration of public transport and land use, to guide urban development towards more sustainable futures. Considering that in Chile suburban rail services are gradually being reactivated around the main cities, it is worth asking whether rail transport can contribute to forms of transport-oriented urban development in the Chilean context as well. In this way, this article actually explores the urban role of train stations and their potential as options of transit-oriented development. Focusing on the case of Santiago, the article analyzes train stations by applying the node-place model, which examines each of them based on their role as a node (i.e., how many destinations they allow reaching) and as a place (considering the diversity and intensity of activities that take place in their vicinity). The results show the limited urban role that railway stations play in the context of Chilean capital, highlighting a certain homogeneity with respect to the levels of accessibility or the appeal of the urban environments of each station. The application of the node-place model shows that the train has an untapped potential for the urban development of the places it crosses throughout Santiago, and confirms the potential role of stations as small polarities at the neighborhood and municipal scale.En las últimas décadas, el tren ha jugado un rol poco relevante como elemento estructurante del desarrollo urbano en las ciudades de América Latina. Al igual que otros modos de transporte masivo, el ferrocarril puede ser objeto de estrategias que fomenten la integración del transporte público y del uso del suelo, para encauzar el desarrollo urbano hacia futuros más sustentables. Considerando que en Chile se están gradualmente reactivando servicios ferroviarios de cercanía alrededor de las principales ciudades, cabe preguntarse si el transporte ferroviario puede también aportar a formas de desarrollo urbano orientado al transporte en el contexto chileno. Así, este artículo explora precisamente el rol urbano de las estaciones y su potencial para opciones de desarrollo orientado al transporte. Enfocándose en el caso de Santiago, el trabajo analiza las estaciones a través del modelo node-place, que examina cada estación en base a su rol como nodo (es decir, a cuántos destinos permite alcanzar) y como lugar (considerando diversidad e intensidad de las actividades que se dan en sus inmediaciones). Los resultados muestran el limitado rol urbano que las estaciones ferroviarias cumplen en la capital chilena, evidenciando cierta homogeneidad respecto a los niveles de accesibilidad o a la atractividad de los entornos urbanos de cada estación. La aplicación del modelo nodo-lugar demuestra que el tren tiene un potencial no aprovechado para el desarrollo urbano de los entornos que atraviesa en Santiago y confirma el rol potencial de las estaciones como pequeñas polaridades a escala barrial y comunal