Revistas Universidad del Bío-Bío
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Application of the “Footprint Family” for the environmental evaluation of public buildings in Spain. case study: educational center
Get PDFWithin the commitments of the 2030 Agenda, the socio-economic objectives for a sustainable development of society as a whole, stand out, which propose minimizing the impact produced by all the activities of the Public Administration on the environment. Therefore, the creation and retrofitting of its infrastructures, needed for its operation and the services it provides, has a great impact. The goal of this work focuses on a methodological adaptation for the environmental evaluation of the works promoted by public organizations, quantifying and locating the sources of impact with the purpose of taking the measures to minimize them. For this, the footprint family, ecological, carbon, and water, are proposed as indicators, characterized by the simplicity of their message and the ease of their implementation in the construction sector, by controlling project costs. A case study is presented, the construction of an early childhood education center in the city of Madrid, for which the data needed for the calculation are presented and analyzed. The results reflect interesting information in terms of footprints, on the elements that must be controlled and improved in the project design, such as concrete and steel.Dentro de los compromisos de la Agenda 2030, destacan los objetivos socioeconómicos para un desarrollo sostenible del conjunto de la sociedad, que plantean minimizar el impacto producido por la Administración Pública sobre el medio ambiente en todas sus actividades. Por ello, la creación y reforma de sus infraestructuras, necesarias para su funcionamiento y los servicios que presta, supone un gran impacto. El objetivo del presente trabajo se centra en una adaptación metodológica para evaluación ambiental de las obras promovidas por entes públicos, cuantificando y localizando los focos de impacto para poder tomar las medidas que los minimicen. Para ello, se proponen como indicadores la familia de las huellas, ecológica, de carbono e hídrica, caracterizadas por la simpleza del mensaje y la facilidad para implantarse en el sector de la construcción, a través del control de costes de los proyectos. En concreto, se presenta un estudio de caso, la construcción de un centro de educación infantil en la ciudad de Madrid, para cuyo análisis se exponen y analizan los datos necesarios. Los resultados reflejan información interesante, en términos de huellas, sobre los elementos que deben ser controlados y mejorados en el diseño del proyecto, tales como el hormigón y acero
CORVI, tipologías de viviendas racionalizadas: un ejercicio de estandarización
Get PDFAs habitações de interesse social projetadas pelas equipes da Corporación de la Vivienda (CORVI) constituem uma presença material de enorme influência na sociedade chilena e na comunidade de práticas arquitetônicas. O presente artigo observa o trabalho destas equipes mediante a análise das informações contidas no documento do CORVI "Tipologías de viviendas racionalizadas 1966-1972" (Tipologias de habitações racionalizadas 1966-1972), que fornece dados sobre as formas, dimensões, materialidades e programas de dezoito tipologias habitacionais elaboradas pelas equipes de design entre 1966 e 1971. Nem todos estes protótipos foram construídos, mas o conjunto mostra como a ideia da racionalização da habitação de interesse social foi concebida e como se tornou um exercício de padronização, baseado em tipologias, a partir do qual é possível aprender tanto as formas de ordem e disposição da vida cotidiana propostas, como também a flexibilidade interpretativa utilizada em sua comunicação.The social housing designed by the teams of the Corporación de la Vivienda (CORVI) constitutes a material presence of enormous influence within Chilean society and within the community of architectural practices. This paper observes the work of these teams, by analyzing the information contained in the CORVI document called "Tipologías de viviendas racionalizadas 1966-1972 (Rationalized Housing Typologies 1966-1972)", which provides data on the shapes, dimensions, materials, and programs of eighteen housing typologies developed by the design teams between 1966 and 1971. Not all of these prototypes were built, but as a whole, it shows how the idea of social housing rationalization was conceived, and how it became an exercise in standardization, based on typologies, from which it is possible to learn both the forms of order and layout of everyday life that they propose, along with the interpretative flexibility used in their communication.Las viviendas de interés social diseñadas por los equipos de la Corporación de la Vivienda (CORVI) constituyen una presencia material de enorme influencia dentro de la sociedad chilena y dentro de la comunidad de prácticas de la arquitectura. El presente trabajo observa la labor realizada por dichos equipos a partir del análisis de la información contenida en el documento Tipologías de viviendas racionalizadas 1966-1972, de CORVI. Éste entrega datos sobre las formas, dimensiones, materialidades y programas de dieciocho tipologías de viviendas elaboradas por los equipos de diseño entre 1966 y 1971. No todos estos prototipos llegaron a ser construidos, pero su conjunto da cuenta de cómo se concibió llevar a lo concreto la idea de racionalización de las viviendas de interés social, y de cómo ello devino en un ejercicio de estandarización, basado en tipologías, del cual es posible aprender tanto las formas de orden y disposición de lo cotidiano que propone, como la flexibilidad interpretativa que utiliza en su comunicación
La lucha urbana por la reconquista y la redefinición del espacio público en América Latina
Get PDFDesde su concepción en la antigua Grecia, el espacio público cumple un rol fundamental en la política y la democracia de las ciudades. Rol degradado en la posmodernidad y que alcanza su más profunda crisis en plena madurez del sistema posfordista (a partir de 1990). Esta crisis económica y la crisis de representación y legitimidad institucional que viven los estados, ha potenciado el surgimiento y resurgimiento de distintos movimientos sociales que inundan las ciudades a nivel global. Así nace la inquietud de reconocer, reflexionar y catastrar desde una lógica socio-urbana estas manifestaciones y la ocupación sostenida que han hecho de toda nuestra América Latina, especialmente durante la última década. Esta investigación se propone en base a una metodología de mapeo colectivo, entrelazar experiencias vivenciadas en distintos territorios del continente, para determinar si ha existido en ellos un intento por reconquistar y redefinir el espacio público que se les ha arrebatado y así poner en valor a los distintos movimientos sociales latinoamericanos y sus luchas, en un acto que de aliento a la resistencia y a la solidaridad.Since its inception in ancient Greece, public space has played a key role in the politics and democracy of cities. Its role has been degraded in post-modernity, and reached its deepest crisis in the full maturity of the post-Fordist system (from 1990 onwards). This economic and representation depression, as well as institutional legitimacy, that States are experiencing, have promoted the emergence and resurgence of different social movements that flood cities globally. Here is where the concern of the Frente Urbano Amparo Poch y Gascón collective lies, formed by the authors, to recognize and characterize, from a socio-urban logic, these manifestations and the sustained occupation that public spaces have experienced in different Latin American cities during the last decade. This research, framed within the Virtual Latin American Meeting, Utopías Líquidas, is proposed starting from a mixed methodology of collective mapping, recognizing public spaces, and characterizing their occupation exercised by Latin American social movements, in the dispute to redefine them and regain their political character, and thus value the different Latin American social movements and their struggles, in an act that encourages resistance and solidarity
Un soldado de Dios. San Sebastián en Yumbel
Get PDFEl presente artículo se basa en una investigación acerca de la religiosidad popular en el poblado de Yumbel. Los objetivos principales de esta investigación recaen en poder exaltar el valor histórico y cultural del pequeño poblado, analizar la religiosidad popular en Chile, y apreciar los orígenes de la festividad religiosa de San Sebastián en Yumbel. Las principales fuentes en las que se basó este estudio recaen en los diarios La Prensa de Yumbel y el Sur de Concepción, textos provenientes de la Iglesia como además un gran aporte en fuentes primarias, como lo son archivos, entrevistas, fotografías. Como resultado de este estudio se alcanzó el realce a la pequeña historia tanto religiosa como política de la ciudad de Yumbel, como de igual manera determinar los orígenes de la religiosidad popular en la octava región.This article is based on research about the popular religiosity in the town of Yumbel. The main objectives of this research are to exalt the historical and cultural value of the small town, to analyze the popular religiosity in Chile, and to appreciate the origins of the religious festivity of San Sebastian in Yumbel. The main sources on which this study was based are the newspapers La Prensa de Yumbel and El Sur de Concepción, texts coming from the Church as well as a great contribution in primary sources, such as archives, interviews and photographs. As a result of this study, it was achieved the enhancement of the small religious and political history of the city of Yumbel, as well as to determine the origins of the popular religiosity in the eighth region
Aproximaciones a una “guerra santa”: La dinámica de un conflicto en el santuario de San Sebastián de Yumbel, 1999
Get PDFEl estudio describe y analiza el contexto de la celebración del veinte de enero de 1999, en Yumbel. La intención de realizar la celebración religiosa en un nuevo campo de oración, se tradujo en un conflicto de insospechadas dimensiones. Este hecho es conocido popularmente como guerra santa o guerra religiosa en Yumbel, cuya principal característica fue la gran división que se manifestó entre los habitantes y feligreses de Yumbel, y a su vez en contra de la Iglesia Católica, que redundaron en incidentes. El contexto de los acontecimientos considera las acciones de la iglesia jerárquica, la comunidad yumbelina y las autoridades políticas del periodo. Se reconoce la conexión histórica entre el desarrollo de la localidad de Yumbel y la presencia de la imagen de San Sebastián en la ciudad.The study describes and analyzes the context of the celebration of January 20, 1999, in Yumbel. The intention to carry out the religious celebration in a new prayer field resulted in a conflict of unsuspected dimensions. This event is popularly known as holy war or religious war in Yumbel, whose main characteristic was the great division that manifested itself among the inhabitants and parishioners of Yumbel, and in turn against the Catholic Church, which resulted in incidents. The context of the events considers the actions of the hierarchical church, the Yumbel community and the political authorities of the period. The historical connection between the development of the town of Yumbel and the presence of the image of San Sebastian in the town is recognized
Preparation of plywood panels using waste milk pouches as an adhesive
Get PDFRecycling of single use plastic like milk pouches, oil pouches, etc. for high value products can have significant environmental, social and economic implications. The present study focuses on the utilization of waste milk pouches made out of low-density polyethylene as the bonding agent in preparation of plywood panels. Plywood panels with varying content of polymeric content (milk pouch layers) were prepared and evaluated for physical and mechanical properties. The results indicated that with increase in the dosage of milk-pouch content, both physical as well as mechanical properties of the plywood improved substantially. There was nearly three folds difference in modulus of rupture of panel prepared with 80 g/m2 and 310 g/m2polymer content. Similarly, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity also increased significantly with increase in polymer content. The glue shear strength, which is very important for plywood, was found to be influenced by the quantity of polymer. Glue shear strength for panel with 80 g/m2 polymer was 0,75 MPa which increased to 1,90 MPa in panel with 310 g/m2 polymer content. It was observed that for strong bonding it is essential that the quantity of polymer should be sufficient enough to penetrate into the pores of wood creating a mechanical interlocking of veneers. The study opens up the scope of recycling of waste milk pouches in the preparation of formaldehyde free plywood
Alerta roja para los humedales urbanos
Get PDFEl pasado 17 de noviembre un incendio causado por una bengala arrasó 10 ha del humedal urbano Paicaví, ubicado en Concepcióny perteneciente al gran sistema hídrico Rocuant-Andalién. El incidente volvió a poner la alerta sobre estos espacios verdes” quehan sido los grandes olvidados de la planificación y la gestión urbana chilena en los últimos decenios, en la ausencia de sureconocimiento como infraestructura verde urbana y como parte de una matriz ambiental más amplia.Last November 17th, a fire started by a flare, laid waste to 10 ha of the Paicavi urban wetland in Concepción, which is part ofthe larger Rocuant-Andalién water system. The incident once again raised a red flag for these green spaces, which have beenleft behind in Chilean urban management and planning in recent decades, on not having been acknowledged as urban greeninfrastructure, or as part of a broader environmental matrix
The active role of the user in the search for thermal comfort of dwellings in a temperate arid climate
Get PDFEl comportamiento del usuario es uno de los principales factores de incertidumbre en el desempeño térmico de una vivienda. El presente estudio contribuye a identificar variables que influyen en la conducta del usuario y, a su vez, en cómo ésta afecta el desempeño térmico de viviendas en la ciudad de Mendoza. En ese sentido, se realizó una auditoría térmica de una vivienda representativa, en verano e invierno, elaborando en forma paralela un registro de uso y gestión de los habitantes. Se concluye que, en verano, una correcta gestión de la envolvente mediante la ventilación nocturna favorece el logro de confort interior en un 89% de los datos registrados; y, en invierno, un correcto aprovechamiento de la ganancia solar directa favorece el logro de confort en un 60% de dichos datos. Se evalúan, finalmente, alternativas de mejora edilicia para la estación más desfavorable.User behavior is one of the main factors of uncertainty in the thermal performance of a dwelling. This study contributes to identifying variables that would influence the user behavior and, in turn, how these affect the thermal performance of houses located in the city of Mendoza. For this, a thermal audit of a representative dwelling was made in summer and winter, while also recording occupancy and occupant actions. It was concluded that, in summer, correct management of the envelope through night cooling favors reaching indoor comfort in 89% of the recorded data. In winter, the correct use of direct solar gain favors reaching comfort in 60% of the recorded data. Finally, alternatives for building improvements are evaluated for the most unfavorable season
Comparative biological resistance of differently thermal modified wood species against decay fungi, Reticulitermes grassei and Hylotrupes bajulus
Get PDFThermal modified wood has some advantages over natural wood, including decreased hygroscopicity, increased dimensional stability, and enhanced durability. In this study, European species of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea orientalis), ash (Fraxinus spp.), and tropical species of tali (Erythrophleum ivorense), and iroko (Chlorophora excelsa) were thermally treated at 180 °C and 210 °C for 1,5 and 2 h, respectively. We evaluated the resistances of the untreated and thermally treated samples to decay induced by the white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor and two brown rot fungi, Coniophora puteana and Postia placenta. In addition, the samples were exposed to the termite Reticulitermes grassei and the longhorn beetle species Hylotrupes bajulus to evaluate their resistance to damageby the insects. During the heat treatment, the mass loss of the samples generally was between 9 and 14%. After the heat treatment, experiments were conducted to determine the effects of white and brown rot fungi on samples of Scots pine and tali, the effect of C. puteana on spruce, and the effects of C. puteana and P. placenta on ash and iroko. In all experiments, the mass loss due to damage from the various fungi was less than 1% for the samples that had been heat treated at 210 °C. The untreated and heat-treated tropical species exhibited higher durability withvery low mass loss and 100% mortality of the insects when attacked by termites, whereas the other wood species had moderate attack. In addition, Hylotrupes bajulus exposure by two standart methods (EN 46 and 47) resulted in similar performances in most cases, although EN 47 treated samples at 210 °C showed improved durability for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea orientalis)
Evaluación de la eficiencia energética de un proceso continuo de tratamiento de residuos agroforestales mediante carbonización hidrotérmica
Get PDFAmong the processes available to treat waste biomass, the thermal conversion with water in subcritical conditions, called Hydrothermal Carbonization, is being studied in deep the last years. The Hydrothermal Carbonization needs lower temperatures than other thermal processes, and a solid with high energy density and hydrophobic properties are obtained. This work presents the modeling and simulation of continuous operation of the Hydrothermal Carbonization process for two residual biomasses: Pinus radiata sawdust from the wood industry and rapeseeds (Brassica napus) as industrial waste. The analysis was performed evaluating the whole process, from mixing the raw biomass with water and the reaction until obtaining the final pellet. All unit operations were modeled with phenomenological equations. The Higher Heating Value and the Mass Yield of the reaction were estimated by Multiple Linear Regression equations, using as an explanatory variable the Polarity Index, the Reactivity Index, the Severity Factor, and the Biomass: Water Ratio. The best model had an adjusted determination coefficient (R2a) of 0,90. Finally, the process presented an energy efficiency greater than 72% for sawdust and 77 % for rapeseed. Therefore, Hydrothermal Carbonization must be considered as an alternative to valorize agroforestry waste biomass to an industrial scale